NOTICES
Proposed General Plan Approval and General Operating Permit; BAQ-GPA/GP-7
[28 Pa.B. 1678] The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) proposes to issue general plan approvals and operating permits for sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses (Sheetfed Press General Permit). This general plan approval and operating permit, authorized under section 6.1(f) of the Air Pollution Control Act, is limited to plants that are not major volatile organic compound (VOC) or major hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emitting facilities as defined in 25 Pa. Code § 121.1. Any facilities whose potential yearly emissions are less than the thresholds shown in the following may qualify for the general permit:
a. 25 tons of VOC in the counties of Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia.
b. 50 tons of VOC in all remaining counties.
c. 10 tons of any one HAP or 25 tons of any combination of HAPs throughout the State.
The proposed general plan approval and operating permit contains conditions which prescribe applicable performance standards, emission limits, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements. The proposed general plan approval and operating permit may also be used to authorize the construction of new sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses.
The proposed Sheetfed Press General Permit has been drafted in consultation with the Graphic Arts Association and the Graphic Arts Technical Foundation. The Graphic Arts Technical Foundation has prepared guidance for the industry to determine if plants are subject to the permitting requirements, as well as, recordkeeping and reporting forms for showing compliance with the Sheetfed Press General Permit requirements.
Prior to operating under the Sheetfed Press General Permit, the owner or operator of the source must notify the Department and receive prior written approval from the Department before commencing to operate the affected facility. Notification of the facility's intent to use the general permit and plan approval must be submitted on a form provided by the Department. Sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses operating under this general permit must comply with the terms and conditions of the general plan approval and general operating permit.
Authorization to operate under the Sheetfed Press General Permit will be valid for a term of 5 years. A plan approval application fee is required each time the permittee constructs sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses in accordance with Sheetfed Press General Permit. The Department proposes to establish plan approval application, operating permit application and operating permit renewal fees as follows:
a. $250 during the 1995--1999 calendar years.
b. $300 during the 2000--2004 calendar years.
c. $375 beginning in the 2005 calendar year.
Within 30 days of the expiration date of the authorization to operate under the general plan approval and general operating permit, the permittee must renew the authorization if the facility intends to continue to operate under the Sheetfed Press General Permit.
A complete copy of the Sheetfed Press General Permit may be obtained by contacting Kimberly Maneval, Division of Permits, Bureau of Air Quality, 12th Floor Rachel Carson State Office Building, P. O. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468, (717) 787-4325. TDD users may telephone the Department through the AT&T Relay Service, 1 (800) 654-5984. Internet users can access a copy of the general permit at http:\\www.dep.state.pa.us.
The Department requests written comments on the proposed general plan approval and operating permit. Notice and opportunity for comment will also be provided to the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the states of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Virginia and West Virginia. Interested persons may submit written comments, suggestions or objections to Douglas L. Lesher, Chief, Title V/NSR Section, Division of Permits, Bureau of Air Quality, 12th Floor Rachel Carson State Office Building, P. O. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468, (717) 787-4325. The Department will also consider written requests that a public hearing be held concerning this proposed general plan approval and operating permit. Public comments must be submitted to the Department within 45 days of the date of this notice in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. Comments received by facsimile will not be accepted.
Sheetfed Offset Lithographic Printing Press 1. Statutory Authority and General Description--In accordance with section 6.1(f) of the Air Pollution Control Act (35 P. S. § 4006.1) and 25 Pa. Code § 127.622, the Department of Environmental Protection (Department) hereby issues this general plan approval and general operating permit for sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses (Sheetfed Press General Permit).
2. Applicability/Source Coverage Limitations--This Sheetfed Press General Permit is designed to serve as either a Plan Approval or as an Operating Permit for printers who exclusively use sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses or have one or more sheetfed offset lithographic presses located in a facility. The specific use will depend upon permit status and location of the facility as outlined in the following.
Approval herein granted to operate under this Sheetfed Press General Permit is limited to a facility engaged in printing on sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses as defined in Condition 16. This Sheetfed Press General Permit has been established in accordance with the provisions described in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127 Subchapter H. If additional types of printing or manufacturing is conducted at the facility that cannot be regulated by the requirements of this general permit, an operating permit issued in accordance with 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127 Subchapter F will be required, or, if the facility is a Title V facility, a Title V operating permit issued in accordance with Subchapter G will be required.
Operating Permit
This Sheetfed Press General Permit is not intended for use as a Title V operating permit. However, it can be used as a general plan approval to add or modify a sheetfed press at a Title V facility. A Title V facility is one that has a potential to emit (PTE) equal to or greater than those shown in the following table. Sheetfed offset lithographic printing press facilities are exempted from the permit requirements of § 127.402 if it is demonstrated that the potential to emit (PTE) and actual emissions are less than the levels listed as follows:
Actual Emission Pollutant PTE< Rate< CO 100 TPY 20 TPY NOx 100 TPY* 10 TPY SOx 100 TPY 8 TPY VOCs 50 TPY* 8 TPY PM10 100 TPY 3 TPY HAP** 10 TPY 1 TPY HAPs 25 TPY 2.5 TPY *25 TPY for Severe nonattainment area including Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties.
**See Attachment 4 of the instructions for a list of hazardous air pollutants.
This Sheetfed Press General Permit can be used for all facilities engaged in sheetfed offset printing with PTE less than those identified in the table above and actual emissions exceeding those identified in the table above.
Plan Approval
This Sheetfed Press General Permit shall also serve as a plan approval for sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses that meet the requirements specified Conditions 17, 18, 19 and 20. The installation or modification of sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses that meet the following criteria are exempt from plan approval requirements:
a. Emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a rate less than 2.7 tons per year (tpy), and;
b. Emits a single hazardous air pollutant (HAP) at a rate less than 1 tpy, and;
c. Emits a combination of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) rates less than 2.5 tons of all HAPs combined per year, or;
d. A cylinder width 17 inches or less.
Facilities claiming an exemption based on the emission based criteria (a)--(c) must provide a 15-day prior written notification to the Department committing to limit VOC/HAPs emission increases to less than the specified levels. The modification of a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press would include the addition of a printing unit, coating unit, or other changes that would increase the emission of VOCs or HAPs above the exemption levels stated in criteria (a)--(c).
3. Application for Use--Persons proposing to operate, install or modify a sheetfed offset lithographic press under this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall notify the Department using the Sheetfed Offset Lithographic Printing Press General Permit Application provided by the Department and shall receive prior written authorization from the Department as required under 25 Pa. Code § 127.621 (relating to application for use of general plan approvals and general operating permits).
4. Compliance--Sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses operating under this Sheetfed Press General Permit must comply with the terms and conditions of the general permit. The sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses shall be:
a. Operated in such a manner as not to cause air pollution.
b. Operated and maintained in a manner consistent with good operating and maintenance practices.
c. Operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and the applicable terms and conditions of this Sheetfed Press General Permit.
5. Permit Modification, Suspension and Revocation--This Sheetfed Press General Permit may be modified, suspended or revoked if the Department determines that affected sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses cannot be regulated under this general permit. Authorization to use this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall be suspended or revoked if the permittee fails to comply with applicable terms and conditions of the Sheetfed Press General Permit.
The approval herein granted to operate the sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses shall be suspended, if, at any time, the permittee causes, permits or allows any modification without Departmental approval (as defined in 25 Pa. Code § 121.1) of the sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses covered by this general permit. Upon suspension of the general permit, the permittee may not continue to operate or use said sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses. If warranted, the Department will require that the sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses be permitted under the State operating permit or Title V operating permit requirements in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127, if applicable.
6. Notice Requirements--The applications and notifications required by 25 Pa. Code § 127.621 shall be sent to the appropriate Regional Office responsible for issuing general permit in the county in which the sheetfed offset lithographic printing press is, or will be located.
The permittee shall notify the Department within 24 hours or by 12 noon of the next business day following a weekend or holiday of any malfunction of the sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses which results in, or may possibly be resulting in, the emission of air contaminants in excess of the limitations specified in, or established under, any applicable rule or regulation contained in 25 Pa. Code, Subpart C, Article III (relating to air resources).
7. Sampling and Testing--The permittee shall, upon the request of the Department, provide input material analyses, or input material samples used in any sheetfed offset lithographic printing press permitted under this general permit.
8. Monitoring, Recordkeeping and Reporting--The permittee shall comply with applicable monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements set forth in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 139 (relating to sampling and testing, the Air Pollution Control Act, the Clean Air Act or the regulations thereunder applicable to the source).
9. Term of Permit--The applicant will be issued a letter authorizing the applicant to operate for a fixed term of 5 years under this Sheetfed Press General Permit.
10. Permit and Administrative Fees--The Sheetfed Press General Permit establishes the following application and renewal fees payable every 5 years if no equipment changes occur:
a. $250 during the 1995--1999 calendar years.
b. $300 during the 2000--2004 calendar years.
c. $375 beginning in the 2005 calendar year.
An additional plan approval application fee as indicated above is required each time the permittee constructs sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses in accordance with this Sheetfed Press General Permit. Two or more sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses may be installed under a single plan approval fee.
11. Expiration and Renewal of Permit--The permittee's right to operate under this Sheetfed Press General Permit terminates on the date of expiration of this permit unless a timely and complete renewal application is submitted to the Department 30 days prior to the permit expiration date.
Upon receipt of a complete and timely application for renewal, the sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses may continue to operate subject to final action by the Department on the renewal application. This protection shall cease to exist if, subsequent to a completeness determination, the applicant fails to submit by the deadline specified in writing by the Department any additional information required by the Department to process the renewal application.
The Sheetfed Press General Permit application for renewal shall include the identity of the owner or operator, location of the sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses, current permit number, description of source category, the appropriate renewal fee listed in Condition 10 and any other information requested by the Department. At a minimum, the permit renewal fee shall be submitted to the Department at least 30 days prior to the expiration of the Sheetfed Press General Permit.
12. Applicable Laws--Nothing in this Sheetfed Press General Permit relieves the permittee from its obligation to comply with all applicable Federal, State and local laws and regulations.
13. Prohibited Use--Any air contamination source that is subject to the requirements of 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127, Subchapter D (relating to prevention of significant deterioration), Subchapter E (relating to new source review), Subchapter G (relating to Title V operating permits) or 25 Pa. Code § 129.91 (relating to control of major sources of NOx and VOCs), may not operate under this Sheetfed Press General Permit. Title V facilities may use this Sheetfed Press General Permit as a plan approval when the major new source review and prevention of significant deterioration review requirements are not applicable.
14. Transfer of Ownership or Operation--The permittee may not transfer the Sheetfed Press General Permit except as provided in 25 Pa. Code § 127.464 (relating to transfer of operating permits).
15. Plan Approval--This Sheetfed Press General Permit authorizes the construction and operation of sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses that meet the best available technology (BAT) required under 25 Pa. Code §§ 127.1 and 127.12(a)(5). For purposes of this general permit, BAT for sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses are those limits specified in Conditions 17, 18, 19 and 20.
16. Definitions--For purposes of this Sheetfed Press General Permit, the following definitions apply:
a. Alcohol--Any of the following compounds, when used as a fountain solution additive for offset lithographic printing: ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol.
b. Alcohol Substitutes--Nonalcohol additives that contain VOCs and are used in the fountain solution. Some additives are used to reduce the surface tension of water; others are added to prevent piling (ink build-up).
c. Automatic Blanket Wash System--Equipment used to remotely clean lithographic blankets which can include, but is not limited to those utilizing a cloth and expandable bladder, brush, spray or impregnated cloth system.
d. Batch--A supply of fountain solution that is prepared and used without alteration until completely used or removed from the printing process. For the purposes of this rule, this term may apply either to solutions prepared in discrete batches or solutions that are continuously blended with automix units.
e. Cleaning Solution--Liquid solvents or solutions used to remove ink and debris from the operating surfaces of the printing press and its parts.
f. Dampening System--Equipment used to deliver the fountain solution to the lithographic plate.
g. Fountain Solution--A mixture of water and other volatile and nonvolatile chemicals and additives that maintains the quality of the printing plate and reduces the surface tension of the water so that it spreads easily across the printing plate surface. The fountain solution wets the nonimage area so that the ink is maintained within the image areas. Nonvolatile additives include mineral salts and hydrophilic gums. Alcohol and alcohol substitutes, including isopropyl alcohol, glycol ethers and ethylene glycol, are the most common VOC additives used to reduce the surface tension of the fountain solution.
h. Fountain Solution Recirculating Reservoir--The collection tank which accepts fountain solution recirculated from printing units. The tanks typically contain a coarse filter to remove contaminants from the fountain solution and in some cases, are equipped with cooling coils for refrigeration of the fountain solution.
i. Inking System--A series of rollers used to meter the ink onto the lithographic plate. The system can include agitators, pumps and totes and other types of ink containers.
j. Lithography--A planographic printing process where the image and nonimage areas are chemically differentiated; the image area is oil receptive and the nonimage area is water receptive. This method differs from other printing methods, where the image is typically printed from a raised or recessed surface.
k. Nonheatset--A lithographic printing process where the printing inks are set without the use of heat. Traditional nonheatset inks set and dry by absorption and/or oxidation of the ink oils. For the purposes of this rule, ultraviolet-cured and electron beam-cured inks are considered nonheatset, although radiant energy is required to cure these inks.
l. Offset--A printing process that transfers the ink film from the lithographic plate to an intermediary surface (blanket), which, in turn, transfers the ink film to the substrate.
m. Press--A printing production assembly composed of one or more units used to produce a printed substrate including any associated coating, spray powder application or infra-red heating units.
n. Sheetfed--A lithographic printing process where individual sheets of substrate are fed to the press sequentially.
o. Unit--The smallest complete printing component, composed of inking and dampening systems, of a printing press.
p. VOC Composite Partial Vapor Pressure--The sum of the partial pressure of the compounds defined as VOCs. VOC composite partial pressure is calculated as follows:
Where:
Wi = Weight of the ''i''th VOC compound, in grams Ww = Weight of water, in grams Wc = Weight of exempt compound, in grams MWi = Molecular weight of the ''i''th VOC compound, in g/g-mole MWw = Molecular weight of water, in g/g-mole
MWc = Molecular weight of exempt compound, in g/g-mole PPc = VOC composite partial pressure at 20°C, in mm Hg VPi = Vapor pressure of the ''i''th VOC compound at 20°C, in mm Hg 17. Equipment Standards for Fountain Solutions--A sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall meet one of the following requirements for the fountain solution used on that press:
a. Maintain the as applied VOC content of the fountain solution at or below 5.0% by weight, or;
b. Maintain the as applied VOC content of the fountain solution at or below 8.5%, by weight, and refrigerate the fountain solution to 60°F or less.
18. Equipment Standards for Blanket and Roller Cleaning Solutions--A blanket and roller cleaning solution used on a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall meet one of the following requirements:
a. VOC content, as applied, is less than or equal to 30% by weight, or;
b. VOC composite partial vapor pressure, as used, is less than or equal to 10 mm Hg at 20°C (68°F).
c. The use of cleaning solutions not meeting Conditions 18(a) or (b) is permitted provided that the quantity used does not exceed 55 gallons over any 12 consecutive months.
19. Equipment Standards for Solvent Containers--An owner/operator of a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall keep all solvent containers closed at all times unless filling, draining or performing cleanup operations.
20. Equipment Standards for Solvent Laden Shop Towels--An owner/operator of a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall keep all solvent laden shop towels in a closed container when not being used.
21. Testing of Fountain Solutions--An owner/operator of a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall determine the VOC content of fountain solution by one of the following procedures:
a. Analysis by USEPA Method 24 of a fountain solution sample; or
b. Calculation which combines USEPA method 24 analytical VOC content data for the concentrated materials used to prepare the press ready fountain solution and records of the proportions in which they are mixed. The calculation shall only be performed once for each press ready fountain solution and kept in the form of a batch log, an example of which follows. The analysis of the concentrated fountain solution may be performed by the suppliers of those materials.
22. Testing of Blanket and Roller Cleaning Solutions--An owner/operator of a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall determine the VOC content or VOC composite partial vapor pressure of cleaning solutions by one of the following procedures.
a. Analysis by USEPA method 24 of a cleaning solution sample for VOC content or by an appropriate method for composite partial vapor pressure; or
b. Calculation which combines USEPA Method 24 analytical VOC content data for the concentrated materials used to prepare the press ready cleaning solution and records of the proportions in which they are mixed. The calculation shall only be performed once for each press ready cleaning solution and kept in the form of a batch log, an example of which follows. The analysis of the concentrated cleaning solution may be performed by the suppliers of those materials; or
c. Calculation for VOC composite partial vapor pressure which combines analytical VOC vapor pressure data for the concentrated materials used to prepare the press ready cleaning solution and records of the proportions in which they are mixed. The analysis and vapor pressure determinations of the concentrated materials may be performed by the suppliers of the materials.
23. Monitoring Requirements for Automatic Blanket Wash Systems--An owner/operator of a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit using an automatic blanket wash system that mixes cleaning solution at the point of application must demonstrate compliance with the VOC limitation in Condition 18(a) or (b), shall document that flow meters or fixed volume spray systems result in the VOC content of the mixed solution complies with Condition 18(a) or (b).
24. Recordkeeping Requirements--An owner/operator of a sheetfed offset lithographic printing press subject to this Sheetfed Press General Permit shall collect and record the applicable information specified in this Condition. The information shall be maintained at the facility for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to an authorized Department representative at any time during normal working hours. The information required is:
a. For each sheetfed offset lithographic ink or conventional varnish used: the monthly consumption in pounds or gallons; the percent by weight VOC and HAP content, as applied; and, an estimate of VOC and HAP emissions. Alternately, the ink with the highest VOC and HAP content may be used to represent all inks used by all sheetfed offset lithographic printing presses.
b. For each fountain solution and additive: the monthly consumption in pounds or gallons; the percent by weight or weight to volume ratio (lbs/gal) VOC and HAP content and an estimate of VOC and HAP emissions.
c. For each blanket and roller cleaning solution used: the monthly consumption in pounds or gallons; the percent by weight or weight to volume ratio (lbs/gal) VOC and HAP content and an estimate of VOC and HAP emissions.
d. For each month of operation, the volume of all cleaning solution used which does not meet Condition 18(a) or (b).
e. For each month of operation, an estimate of VOC and HAP emissions during the latest 12 months.
Fountain Solution Batch VOC Content FormFountain Solution Concentrate
Name: __________
Formula Number: __________
Density (lbs/gal)*: __________
VOC Content (lbs/gal)**: __________
Fountain Solution Additive
Name: __________
Formula Number: __________
Density (lbs/gal)*: __________
VOC Content (lbs/gal)**: __________
* Density can either be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet or determined by multiplying the specific gravity from the MSDS by 8.33 pounds per gallon.
** VOC content can either be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet, conducting USEPA Method 24, or determined by summing the percent composition of each individual VOC and multiplying it by the density. Do not include exempt VOCs, especially Methylene Chloride and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
______ Ounces of Fountain Concentrate Added Per Gallon of Water.
______ Ounces of Fountain Additive Added Per Gallon of Water.
Press Ready VOC Concentration:
Cleaning Solution Batch VOC Content Form Cleaning Solution Concentrate
Name: __________
Formula Number: __________
Density (lbs/gal)*: __________
VOC Content (lbs/gal)**: __________
Cleaning Solution Additive
Name: __________
Formula Number: __________
Density (lbs/gal)*: __________
VOC Content (lbs/gal)**: __________
* Density can either be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet or determined by multiplying the specific gravity from the MSDS by 8.33 pounds per gallon.
** VOC content can either be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet, conducting USEPA Method 24, or determined by summing the percent composition of each individual VOC and multiplying it by the density. Do not include exempt VOCs, especially Methylene Chloride and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
______ Ounces of Cleaning Solution Concentrate Added Per Gallon of Water.
______ Ounces of Cleaning Solution Additive Added Per Gallon of Water.
Press Ready VOC Concentration:
Suggested Recordkeeping Format
Month: ______
Inks: VOC HAP VOC7 HAP7 Vendor Color Formula # Content1 HAP Content2 Usage3 Emissions Emissions ABC Inks Black P-45701 15% N/A N/A 10,000 lbs.
Fountain Solution Concentrate: VOC VOC Content HAP VOC7 HAP7 Vendor Formula # Content4 As Applied1 HAP Content5 Usage3 Emissions Emissions Wet All I WA-001 2.3 4.5% 2-Butoxyethanol 2.3 200 gal Fountain Solution Additive: VOC VOC Content HAP VOC7 HAP7 Vendor Formula # Content4 As Applied4 HAP Content5 Usage3 Emissions Emissions Wet All II WA-002 6.0 4.5% 2-Butoxyethanol 6.0 200 gal
Cleaning Solutions:
VOC VOC Content Vapor HAP VOC7 HAP7 Vendor Formula # Content4 As Applied4 Pressure6 HAP Content5 Usage3 Emissions Emissions Clean All CA-010 7.5 100% 5 mmHg Xylene, cumene
2-Butoxyethanol2.0 850 gal
Coatings:
VOC VOC Content HAP VOC7 HAP7 Vendor Formula # Content1,4 As Applied1,4 HAP Content2,5 Usage3 Emissions Emissions Coatings, Inc. P-46400 42.6% 42.6% N/A N/A 2,000 lbs 1 VOC content in weight percent
2 HAP content in weight percent
3 Usage in pounds or gallons
4 VOC Content in pounds/gallon
5 HAP Content in pounds/gallon
6 Vapor pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
7 Use appropriate emission/retention factors as identified in permit application
12 Month Totals The Federal Environmental Protection Agency requires the Department to track emissions on a 12-month total basis rather than on a calendar basis. This means that emission estimates should be recalculated each month totaling emissions that occurred during the last 12 months. For example, at the end of March, 1998 you would total the emissions which occurred from April, 1997 through March, 1998; at the end of April, 1998 you would total the emissions which occurred from May, 1997 through April, 1998, etc.
Example Form
12 Month Totals for 19 ______
Month VOCs HAPs 12-Mon. Tot. VOCs 12-Mon. Tot. HAPs January February March April May June July August September October November December JAMES M. SEIF,
Secretary
[Pa.B. Doc. No. 98-537. Filed for public inspection April 3, 1998, 9:00 a.m.]
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