[28 Pa.B. 881]
[Continued from previous Web Page]
SEALED SOURCE REQUIREMENTS § 225.251. Performance requirements for radiography equipment.
Equipment used in industrial radiographic operations shall meet the following minimum criteria:
(1) Each radiographic exposure device, source assembly and sealed source and all associated equipment shall meet the requirements in American National Standards Institute N432-1980, ''Radiological Safety for the Design and Construction of Apparatus for Gamma Radiography,'' published as NBS Handbook 136 issued January, 1981.
(2) In addition to the requirements in paragraph (1), the following requirements apply to radiographic exposure devices, source changers, source assemblies and sealed sources:
(i) Each radiographic exposure device shall have attached to it by the user, a durable, legible, clearly visible label bearing the following:
(A) The chemical symbol and mass number of the radionuclide in the device.
(B) The activity and the date on which this activity was last measured.
(C) The model number and serial number of the sealed source.
(D) The manufacturer of the sealed source.
(E) The licensee's name, address and telephone number.
(ii) A radiographic exposure device intended for use as a Type B transport container shall meet the applicable requirements of Chapter 230 (relating to transportation of radioactive materials).
(iii) Modification of an exposure device, source changer, source assembly and associated equipment is prohibited, unless the design of any replacement component including source holder, source assembly, controls or guide tubes would not compromise the design safety features of the system.
(3) In addition to the requirements specified in paragraphs (1) and (2), the following requirements apply to radiographic exposure devices, source assemblies and associated equipment that allow the source to be moved out of the device for routine operations or to source changers:
(i) The coupling between the source assembly and the control cable shall be designed so that the source assembly will not become disconnected if cranked outside the guide tube. The coupling shall be such that it cannot be unintentionally disconnected under normal and reasonable, or foreseeable abnormal, conditions.
(ii) The device shall automatically secure the source assembly when it is cranked back into the fully shielded position within the device. This securing system may only be released by means of a deliberate operation of the exposure device.
(iii) The outlet fittings, lock box and drive cable fittings on each radiographic exposure device shall be equipped with safety plugs or covers which shall be installed during storage and transportation to protect the source assembly from water, mud, sand or other foreign matter.
(iv) Each sealed source or source assembly shall have attached to it or engraved on it a durable, legible, visible label with the words, ''Danger, Radioactive.'' The label may not interfere with the safe operation of the exposure device or associated equipment.
(v) The guide tube shall be able to withstand a crushing test that closely approximates the crushing forces that are likely to be encountered during use, and be able to withstand a kinking resistance test that closely approximates the kinking forces that are likely to be encountered during use.
(vi) Guide tubes shall be used when moving the source out of the device.
(vii) An exposure head or similar device designed to prevent the source assembly from passing out of the end of the guide tube shall be attached to the outmost end of the guide tube during radiographic operations.
(viii) The guide tube exposure head connection shall be able to withstand the tensile test for control units specified in ANSI N432-1980.
(ix) Source changers shall provide a system for assuring that the source will not be accidentally withdrawn from the changer when connecting or disconnecting the drive cable to or from a source assembly.
(4) Newly manufactured radiographic exposure devices and associated equipment acquired by a licensee after January 10, 1992, shall comply with this section.
(5) Radiographic exposure devices and associated equipment in use after January 10, 1996, shall comply with this section.
(6) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1), (4) and (5), equipment used in inidustrial radiographic operations need not comply with section 8.9.2(c) of the endurance test in American National Standards Institute N432-1980, if the prototype equipment has been tested using a torque value representative of the torque that an individual using the radiography equipment can realistically exert on the lever or crankshaft of the drive mechanism.
§ 225.252. Limits on levels of radiation for radiographic exposure devices, storage containers and source changers.
(a) Radiographic exposure devices measuring less than 10 centimeters (4 inches) from the sealed source storage position to any exterior surface of the device shall have no radiation level in excess of 12.9 µC/kg (50 mR) per hour at 15 centimeters (6 inches) from any exterior surface of the device.
(b) Radiographic exposure devices measuring a minimum of 10 centimeters (4 inches) from the sealed source storage position to any exterior surface of the device or for radiographic exposure devices, shall have no radiation level in excess of 51.6 uC/kg (200 mR) per hour at any exterior surface, and 2.58 µC/kg (10 mR) per hour at 1 meter from any exterior surface. The radiation level specified is with the sealed source in its shielded (''off'') position.
(c) The maximum exposure rate 1 meter from storage containers and source changers is 51.6 µC/kg (200 mR) per hour at any exterior surface, and 2.58 µC/kg (10 mR) per hour at 1 meter from any exterior surface when the sealed source is in its shielded (''off'') position.
(d) Subsection (a) applies to all equipment manufactured prior to January 10, 1992. After January 10, 1996, radiographic equipment other than storage containers and source changers shall meet the requirements of § 225.251 (relating to performance requirements for radiography equipment).
§ 225.253. Locking and relocation of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers and source changers.
(a) A license may not use a source changer or a container to store licensed material unless the source changer or the storage container has securely attached to it a durable, legible and clearly visible label bearing the standard trefoil radiation caution symbol conventional colors, that is, magenta, purple or black on a yellow background, having a minimum diameter of 25 millimeters, and the wording: ''Caution, Radioactive Material, Notify Civil Authorities (or ''Name of Company'') or ''Danger''.
(b) Each radiographic exposure device shall have a lock or outer locked container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal of the sealed source from a shielded position. The exposure device or its container shall be kept locked when not under the direct surveillance of a radiographer or a radiographer's assistant or as otherwise may be authorized in § 225.105 (relating to permanent radiographic installations). During radiographic operations the sealed source assembly shall be secured in the shielded position each time the source is returned to that position.
(c) Each sealed source storage container and source changer shall have a lock or outer lock container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal of the sealed source from its shielded position. Storage containers and source changers shall be kept locked when containing sealed sources except when under the direct surveillance of a radiographer or radiographer's assistant.
(d) Radiographic exposure devices, source changers and storage containers, before being moved from one location to another, shall have the guide tubes and control cables disconnected, safety plugs or covers applied, be locked and physically secured to prevent accidental loss, tampering or removal of licensed material.
(e) A lock-out survey shall be performed before moving the radiographic exposure device, source changer or storage container to a new location and when securing against unauthorized removal.
§ 225.254. Storage precautions.
Locked radiographic exposure devices, source changers, storage containers and transport containers that contain sealed sources shall be secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel from its permanent storage facility.
§ 225.255. Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources.
(a) Only persons specifically authorized by the Department, the NRC or an agreement state, may replace or leak test a sealed source fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure device or source changer.
(b) Each sealed source shall be tested for leakage at intervals not to exceed 6 months. Each sealed source shall be leak tested prior to its first use unless the supplier furnishes a certificate stating that the source has been tested within 6 months prior to its first use.
(c) Each exposure device using depleted (DU) uranium shielding and an ''S''-tube configuration shall be tested for DU contamination at intervals not to exceed 12 months.
(d) The leak test required by subsections (a) and (b) shall be capable of detecting the presence of .005 microcuries (185 Bq) of the removable contamination of the test sample. An acceptable leak test for sealed sources in the possession of a radiography licensee would be to test at the nearest accessible point to the sealed source position or other appropriate measuring point by a procedure approved under § 219.65(5) (relating to specific licenses for the use of sealed sources in industrial radiography).
(e) Records of leak test results shall be kept in units of becquerels or microcuries and be maintained for 5 years from the date of the test for inspection by the Department.
(f) A leak test conducted under subsection (b) which reveals the presence of 0.005 microcuries (185 Bq) or more of removable contamination is considered evidence that the sealed source is leaking. The licensee shall immediately withdraw the equipment involved from use and cause it to be decontaminated and repaired or to be disposed of, in accordance with §§ 217.101 and 219.61--219.66. Within 5 days of the test that reveals the leakage, the licensee shall file a report with the Department describing the equipment involved, and the test results and the corrective action taken.
(g) If the testing of an exposure device using depleted uranium shielding reveals the presence of DU contamination, the exposure device shall be removed from use until an evaluation of the wear of the S-tube has been made. If this evaluation reveals that the S-tube is worn through, the device may not be used again.
(h) Sealed sources that are stored and not being used shall be leak tested within 6 months prior to the date of transfer, and the maximum interval between leak tests may not exceed 3 years.
(i) Depleted uranium shielding devices that are stored and not being used need not be tested for depleted uranium contamination while in storage and not in use. The device shall be tested for DU contamination prior to use or transfer of the device if the interval of storage exceeds 12 months. A record of the depleted uranium leak test shall be made in accordance with subsection (e).
(j) A sealed source which is not fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure device shall have a durable tag permanently attached to it. This tag shall have a dimension of at least 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) square and bear the prescribed radiation caution symbol in conventional colors, magenta or purple on a yellow background, and at least the instructions: ''Danger--Radioactive Material--Do not handle--Notify civil authorities if found.''
§ 225.256. Physical inventories.
(a) A licensee shall conduct a physical inventory at intervals not to exceed 3 months to account for all sources of radiation received or possessed. The inventory shall cover all sources or radiation, including, but not limited to, sealed sources. source changers and radiographic exposure devices containing depleted uranium as shielding.
(b) Records of the inventories shall be maintained for 5 years from the date of the inventory for inspection by the Department and shall include the manufacturer, model, serial number, radionuclide and activity, if applicable, location of each source of radiation, date of the inventory and the name of the individual performing the inventory.
(c) If, during an inventory, a radiation source cannot be located or accounted, the licensee shall notify the Department as required under § 219.221 (relating to reports of stolen, lost or missing licensed sources of radiation).
§ 225.257. Inspection and maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, associated equipment and source changers.
(a) A licensee shall ensure that checks for obvious defects in radiographic exposure devices, transport containers, source changers, source guide tubes and crankout devices are performed at the beginning of each day of use.
(b) At intervals not to exceed 3 months, each licensee shall conduct a program of inspection and maintenance of the radiographic exposure devices, transport containers and source changers to assure proper functioning of components. Appropriate parts shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturer's specifications. The licensee shall have written procedures for the conduct of this program.
(c) A licensee shall have a written program for inspection and maintenance of the Type B packaging used to transport radioactive materials. This program shall include procedures to assure that Type B packages are shipped and maintained in accordance with the certificate of compliance or other approval.
(d) Records of inspection and maintenance shall be maintained for inspection by the Department for 5 years.
(e) If an inspection conducted under subsection (a) or (b) reveals damage to components critical to radiation safety, the licensee shall remove the device from service until repairs have been made.
(f) Opening, repair or modification of any sealed source shall be performed by persons specifically authorized by the Department.
§ 225.258. Utilization logs.
A licensee shall maintain current logs, which shall be kept available for 5 years from the date of the recorded event, for inspection by the Department, at the address specified in the license, showing for each sealed source the following information:
(1) The make, model and serial number of the radiographic exposure device or source container in which the sealed source is located.
(2) The identity and signature of the radiographer to whom assigned.
(3) The plant or site where used and dates of use.
§ 225.259. Radiation surveys and records.
(a) After each radiographic exposure, a survey with a calibrated radiation survey instrument shall be made to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position. The entire perimeter of the radiographic exposure device shall be surveyed. If the radiographic exposure device has a guide tube or collimator, the survey shall include the guide tube or collimator, or both.
(b) A physical radiation survey shall be made to determine that each sealed source is in its shielded position prior to securing the radiographic exposure device or storage container as specified in § 225.253 (relating to locking and relocation or radiographic exposure devices, storage containers and source changers).
(c) Records of the surveys required by subsection (b) shall be maintained for inspection by the Department for 5 years. If the survey has been used to determine an individual's exposure, the records of the survey shall be maintained until the Department authorizes their disposition.
§ 225.260. Supervision of radiographer's assistant(s).
Except when a radiographer's assistant uses radiographic exposure devices, uses sealed sources or related source handling tools, or conducts physical radiation surveys required under § 225.259(a) and (b) (relating to radiation surveys and records) to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position after an exposure, a radiographer's assistant shall be under the personal supervision or a qualified radiographer. The personal supervision shall include the radiographer's physical presence at the site where the sealed sources are being used at a proximity that immediate assistance can be given if required and watching the performance of the radiographer's assistant.
§ 225.261. Radiographic operations, security and posting.
(a) Whenever radiography is performed at a location other than a permanent radiographic installation, a radiographer shall be accompanied by at least one other qualified radiographer or an individual who has at minimum met the requirements of § 225.72(b) (relating to training and testing of radiographer's assistant). The additional qualified individual shall observe the operations and be capable of providing immediate assistance to prevent unauthorized entry. Radiography may not be performed if only one qualified individual is present.
(b) During each radiographic operation, a radiographer or a radiographer's assistant shall maintain constant direct visual surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a high radiation area, except where one of the following exists:
(1) The high radiation area is equipped with a control device or alarm system as described in § 219.91 (relating to control of access to high radiation areas).
(2) The high radiation area is locked to protect against unauthorized or accidental entry.
(c) Areas in which radiography is being performed shall be conspicuously posted as required by § 219.153 or § 219.154 (relating to radiation areas; and high radiation areas), as appropriate.
(d) A licensee or registrant shall keep sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments at the location of use of licensed material or a radiation-producing machine.
(e) A radiographer or an assistant radiographer shall be located near the crank handle of the radiographic exposure device to return the sealed source to its safe position in the event of unauthorized or accidental entry by an individual.
(f) Barricades shall be provided around the perimeter of the restricted area and shall be posted with sufficient conspicuous warning signs to prevent unauthorized entry. Radiation levels at the boundary of the restricted area may not be greater than 0.516 µC/kg (2 mR) in any 1 hour.
APPENDIX A
Subjects to be Covered During the
Instruction of Radiographers
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II. Radiation Detection Instrumentation to be Used
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C. Use of personnel monitoring equipment
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2. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)
3. Pocket dosimeters and alarm ratemeters
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CHAPTER 226. RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR [WIRELINE SERVICE OPERATIONS AND SUBSURFACE TRACER STUDIES] WELL LOGGING
Subchapter A. SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
GENERAL § 226.1. Purpose and scope.
This chapter establishes radiation safety requirements for persons using radiation sources for [wireline service operations including mineral logging] well logging in a single well, radioactive markers, uranium sinker bars and subsurface tracer studies. Persons who use radiation sources for [wireline service] well logging operations shall comply with this chapter, which is in addition to and not in substitution for other applicable requirements of this article.
§ 226.2. Definitions.
The following words and terms, when used in this chapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
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Fresh water aquifer--A geologic formation that is capable of yielding fresh water to a well or spring.
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Logging assistant--An individual who, under the personal supervision of a logging supervisor, handles sealed sources or tracers that are not in logging tools or shipping containers or who performs surveys required by this chapter.
Logging supervisor--The individual who uses radioactive material or provides personal supervision of the utilization of radiation sources at the temporary jobsite, and who is responsible for assuring compliance with this chapter and license conditions.
Logging tool--A device used beneath the surface to perform well logging.
[Mineral logging--Logging performed for the purpose of mineral exploration other than oil or gas.]
Personal supervision--Guidance and instruction by the supervisor who is physically present at the temporary jobsite and watching the performance of the operation in [such] proximity so that contact can be maintained and immediate assistance given as required.
Radioactive marker--Radioactive material placed beneath the surface or on a structure intended for subsurface use to determine depth or direction. The term includes radioactive collar markers and radioactive iron nails.
Safety review--The periodic review provided by the licensee for its employes on radiation safety aspects of well logging. This review may include, as appropriate, the results of internal inspections, new procedures or equipment, accidents or errors that have been observed or reported, and opportunities for employes to ask safety questions.
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Subsurface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers--A pipe or tube used as a lining in a well to isolate fresh water aquifers from the well.
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Temporary jobsite--A place where radioactive materials are present for the purpose of performing well logging or subsurface tracer studies.
Uranium sinker bar--A weight containing depleted uranium used to pull a logging tool toward the bottom of a well.
Well--A drilled hole in which well logging may be performed.
Well[-]logging--The use of measuring devices or tools which may contain radiation sources in well-bores or cavities to obtain information about the well or adjacent formations, or both. The term includes subsurface tracer studies.
[Wireline service operation--An evaluation or mechanical service which is performed in the well-bore using logging tools with electrical or electronic cable assemblies.]
§ 226.3. Prohibition.
A licensee may not perform [wireline service operations] well logging with a sealed source unless, prior to commencement of the operation, the licensee has a written agreement with the well operator, well owner or drilling contractor that:
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EQUIPMENT CONTROL § 226.11. Limits on levels of radiation.
The licensee or registrant shall use, store and transport radiation sources in accordance with §§ 219.31--219.38, 219.51 (relating to occupational dose limits; and radiation dose limits for individual members of the general public) and Chapter 230 (relating to packaging and transportation of radioactive material).
§ 226.12. Storage and transport precautions.
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(c) Transport containers shall be locked and physically secured to the transporting vehicle to prevent accidental loss, tampering or unauthorized removal of the radiation sources.
§ 226.13. Radiation survey instruments.
(a) Maintenance. The licensee or registrant shall maintain sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments at a site where radiation sources are present to make physical radiation surveys as required by this chapter and by § 219.71 (relating to general). Instrumentation shall be capable of measuring 0.1 milliroentgen (25.8 nC/kg) per hour through at least 50 milliroentgens (12.9 µC/kg) per hour. [Survey instruments acquired before December 19, 1987, and capable of measuring 0.1 milliroentgen (25.8 nC/kg) per hour through at least 20 milliroentgens (5.16 µC/kg) per hour also satisfy this requirement until July 14, 1992.]
(b) Calibration.
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(3) For linear scale instruments, at two points located approximately 1/3 and 2/3 of full-scale on each scale; for logarithmic scale instruments, at midrange of each decade, and at two points of at least 1 decade; and for digital instruments, at appropriate points.
(c) Time period. Calibration records shall be maintained for [a period of 5] 3 years or until the Department authorizes their disposal.
(d) The licensee shall have available additional calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments sensitive enough to detect the low radiation and contamination levels that could be encountered if a source ruptured. The licensee may own these instruments or may have a procedure to obtain them quickly from another person.
§ 226.14. Leak testing of sealed sources.
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(b) A sealed source shall be tested for leakage at intervals not to exceed 6 months. The sealed source shall be leak-tested prior to its first use unless the supplier furnishes a certificate stating that the source has been tested within 6 months prior to its first use. If it is suspected that a sealed source may be leaking, it shall be removed from service immediately and tested for leakage. The leak test shall be capable of detecting the presence of .005 microcuries (185 Bq) of removable contamination on the test sample. An acceptable leak test for sealed sources would be to take the test sample from the surface of the source, source holder or the surface of the device in which the source is stored or mounted and on which one might expect contamination to accumulate. Records of leak test results shall be kept in units of microcuries--or becquerels--and maintained for [5] 3 years from the date of the test or until the Department authorizes their disposal.
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(e) The method of testing a sealed source for leakage shall be performed using a leak test kit or method approved by the Department, an agreement state or the NRC. The wipe sample shall be taken from the nearest accessible point to the sealed source where contamination might accumulate. The wipe sample shall be analyzed for radioactive contamination. The analysis shall be capable of detecting the presence of 185 Bq (.005 µCi) of radioactive material on the test sample and shall be performed by a person approved by the Department, the NRC or an agreement state to perform the analysis, if the licensee does not possess suitably sensitive equipment.
§ 226.15. [Quarterly] Physical inventory.
(a) A licensee or registrant shall conduct a [quarterly] semiannual physical inventory of radiation sources to account for all sources of radiation received or possessed. Records of inventories shall be maintained for [5] 3 years from the date of the inventory or until the Department authorizes their disposal [and]. Records shall include the quantities and kinds of radiation sources, the location where radiation sources are assigned, the date of the inventory and the name of the individual conducting the inventory.
(b) Physical inventory records may be combined with leak test records.
§ 226.16. Utilization records.
A licensee or registrant shall maintain current records, which shall be kept available for inspection by the Department for [5] 3 years from the date of the recorded event, showing the following information for each radiation source:
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(4) In the case of tracer materials and radioactive markers, the radionuclide and quantity of activity used in a particular well and the disposition of any unused tracer materials.
§ 226.17. Design[,] and performance [and certification] criteria for sealed sources [used in downhole operations].
[(a)] A licensee may not use a sealed source, except those containing radioactive material in gaseous form, [used] in [downhole operations and manufactured after December 19, 1988, shall be certified by the manufacturer, or other testing organization acceptable to the Department, as meeting the] well logging unless the sealed source meets the following minimum criteria:
(1) [Be] Is of doubly encapsulated construction.
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(3) [Has been individually pressure tested to at least 24,600 pounds per square inch absolute (170 MN/m2) without failure] The sealed source's prototype has been tested and found to maintain its integrity after each of the following tests:
(i) The test source shall be held at -40°C for 20 minutes, 600°C for 1 hour, and then subjected to a thermal shock test with a temperature drop from 600°C to 20°C within 15 seconds.
(ii) A 5 kg steel hammer, 2.5 cm in diameter, shall be dropped from a height of 1 meter onto the test source.
(iii) The test source shall be subject to a vibration from 25 Hz to 500 Hz at 5g amplitude for 30 minutes.
(iv) A 1 gram hammer and pin, 0.3 cm pin diameter, shall be dropped from a height of 1 meter onto the test source.
(v) The test source shall be subjected to an external pressure of 24,600 pounds per square inch absolute (1.695 × 107 pascals).
[(b) For a sealed source, except one containing radioactive material in gaseous form, acquired after December 19, 1988, in the absence of a certificate from a transferor certifying that an individual sealed source meets the requirements of subsection (a), the sealed source may not be put into use until the determinations and testing have been performed.
(c) A sealed source, except those containing radioactive material in gaseous form, used in downhole operations after December 19, 1989, shall be certified by the manufacturer or other testing organization acceptable to the Department as meeting the sealed source performance requirements for oil well-logging as contained in the American National Standard N542, Sealed Radioactive Sources, Classification.
(d) Certification documents shall be maintained for a period of 5 years after source disposal or until the Department authorizes their disposal. If the source is abandoned downhole, the certification documents shall be maintained until the Department authorizes their disposition.]
§ 226.19. Inspection and maintenance.
(a) A licensee or registrant shall conduct, at intervals not to exceed 6 months, a program of inspection and maintenance of source holders, logging tools, source handling tools, storage containers, transport containers, uranium sinker bars and injection tools to assure [proper labeling and physical condition] that the required labeling is legible and that no physical damage is visible. Records of inspection and maintenance shall be maintained for [a period of 5] 3 years or until the Department authorizes their disposal.
(b) If any inspection conducted under subsection (a) reveals damage to labeling or components critical to radiation safety, the device shall be removed from service until repairs have been made. A record shall be made, listing the following information:
(1) The date of the check.
(2) The name of the inspector.
(3) The equipment involved.
(4) Defects found.
(5) Repairs made.
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(d) Records required under subsection (b) shall be maintained for 3 years after the defect is found.
(e) Removal of a sealed source from a source holder or logging tool, and maintenance on sealed sources or holders in which sealed sources are contained may not be performed by the licensee unless a written procedure developed under § 226.22 (relating to operating and emergency procedures) has been approved by the Department, the NRC or an agreement state or a licensing state.
(f) If a sealed source is stuck in the source holder, the licensee may not perform any operation, such as drilling, cutting or chiseling, on the source holder unless the licensee is specifically approved by the Department, the NRC or an agreement state to perform the actions.
§ 226.20. Radioactive markers and uranium sinker bars.
(a) The licensee may use radioactive markers in wells only if the individual markers contain quantities of licensed radioactive material not exceeding those quantities specified in Chapter 217 Appendix B (relating to exempt quantities). The use of markers is subject only to the requirements of § 226.15 (relating to physical inventories).
(b) The licensee may use a uranium sinker bar in well logging only if it is legibly impressed with the words, ''Caution--Radioactive--Depleted Uranium'' and ''Notify Civil Authorities (or name of company) if Found.''
REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL SAFETY § 226.21. Training requirements.
(a) [No] A licensee or registrant may not permit an individual to act as a logging supervisor as defined in § 226.2 (relating to definitions) until the individual has:
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(b) The demonstrated competence required under subsection (a)(1) and (2) shall be determined by the individual's successful completion of a written test. The demonstrated competence required under subsection(a)(3) shall be determined by the successful competion of a field evaluation of the individual.
[(b) No] (c) A licensee or registrant may not permit an individual to assist in the handling of radiation sources until the individual has:
(1) Read or received instruction in the licensee's or registrant's operating and emergency procedures, this chapter and applicable sections of Chapters 219 and 220 (relating to standards for protection against radiation; and notices, instructions and reports to workers) and demonstrated an understanding thereof.
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(3) The demonstrated understanding required under paragraph (1) shall be determined by the individual's successful completion of a written or oral test. The demonstrated competence required under paragraph (2) shall be determined by the individual's successful demonstration by a field evaluation.
[(c)] (d) The licensee or registrant shall maintain employe training records for [5] 3 years following termination of employment or until the Department authorizes their disposal.
(e) The licensee shall provide safety reviews for logging supervisors and logging assistants at least once during each calendar year.
§ 226.22. Operating and emergency procedures.
The licensee's or registrant's operating and emergency procedures shall include instructions in at least the following:
(1) Handling and use of radiation sources to be employed so that no individual is likely to be exposed to radiation doses in excess of the standards established in Chapter 219 (relating to standards for protection against radiation) including handling and use of sealed sources in wells without surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers, if appropriate.
(2) [Radiation surveying] Methods and occasions for conducting radiation surveys, including surveys for detecting contamination, as required under § 226.41 (relating to radiation surveys and contamination control).
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(5) Transportation of radiation sources to field stations or temporary jobsites, packaging of radiation sources for transport in vehicles, placarding of vehicles when needed and physically securing radiation sources in transport vehicles during transportation to prevent accidental loss, tampering or unauthorized removal.
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(8) Maintaining records, including those generated by logging personnel at temporary jobsites.
(9) Inspecting and maintaining sealed sources, source holders, logging tools, source handling tools, storage containers, transport containers, [and] injection tools and uranium sinker bars, as required under § 226.19 (relating to inspection and maintenance).
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(11) Procedures to be used for picking up, receiving and opening packages containing radioactive material, under § 219.162 (relating to procedures for receiving and opening packages).
(12) Use of remote handling tools for handling sealed sources and radioactive tracers (except low activity calibration sources).
(13) Minimizing personnel exposure, including exposures from inhalation or ingestion of licensed tracer materials.
(14) Decontamination of the environment, equipment and personnel when using tracers.
(15) Actions to be taken if a sealed source is ruptured including actions to prevent the spread of contamination and minimize inhalation and ingestion of licensed materials and actions to obtain suitable radiation survey instruments as required by § 216.13 (relating to radiation survey instruments).
(16) Identifying and reporting to the Department defects and noncompliance as required by this article.
§ 226.23. Personnel monitoring.
(a) [No] A licensee or registrant may not permit an individual to act as a logging supervisor or to assist in the handling of radiation sources unless the individual wears either a film badge or a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). The film badge or TLD shall be assigned to and worn by only one individual. A film badge shall be replaced at least monthly and TLDs replaced at least quarterly. After replacement, each film badge or TLD shall be promptly processed.
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PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES IN WELL LOGGING [AND SUBSURFACE TRACER] OPERATIONS § 226.31. Security.
(a) During a well logging [or tracer application] operation, the logging supervisor or other designated employe shall maintain direct surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized and unnecessary entry into a restricted area.
(b) A logging supervisor shall be physically present at a temporary jobsite whenever radiation sources are being handled or are not stored and locked in a vehicle or storage place. The logging supervisor may leave the jobsite to obtain assistance, such as if a source becomes lodged in a well or if a medical emergency arises.
§ 226.33. Subsurface tracer studies and use of sealed sources in wells without surface casings.
(a) Protective gloves and other appropriate protective clothing and equipment shall be used by personnel handling radioactive tracer material. Precautions shall be taken to avoid ingestion, inhalation or contamination [of] by radioactive material of personnel, field stations and temporary jobsites.
(b) [No] A licensee may not inject radioactive material into [potable] fresh water aquifers without prior written authorization from the Department and other responsible State or Federal [agency] agencies.
(c) The licensee may use a sealed source in a well without a surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers only if the licensee follows a procedure for reducing the probability of the source becoming lodged in the well. The procedure shall be approved by the Department under the conditions of the license or by the NRC or an agreement state.
§ 226.34. Particle accelerators.
(a) [No] A licensee or registrant may not permit aboveground testing of particle accelerators designed for use in well-logging which results in the production of radiation, except in areas or facilities controlled or shielded so that the requirements of § 219.51 (relating to dose limits for individual members of the public) [§§ 219.11 and 219.21 (relating to radiation dose to individuals and maximum permissible levels of radiation from external sources) protection programs; as applicable,] are met.
(b) The use of particle accelerators for well logging shall be conducted under the licensing provisions of Chapter 228 (relating to radiation safety requirements for particle accelerators).
RADIATION SURVEYS AND RECORDS § 226.41. Radiation surveys and contamination control.
(a) Radiation surveys shall be made and recorded for an area where radioactive materials are used and stored.
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(e) [Records required under subsections (a)--(d) shall include the dates, the identification of individuals making the survey, the survey instrumentation used and an exact description of the location of the survey. Records of these surveys shall be maintained for 5 years after completion of the survey or until the Department authorizes their disposal] If the licensee has reason to believe that, as a result of any operation involving a sealed source, the encapsulation of the sealed source could be damaged by the operation, the licensee shall conduct a radiation survey, including a contamination survey, during and after the operation.
(f) If the licensee detects evidence that a sealed source has ruptured or that radioactive materials have caused contamination, the licensee shall immediately initiate the emergency procedures required under § 226.22 (relating to operating and emergency procedures).
(g) If contamination results from the use of radioactive material in well logging operations, the licensee shall decontaminate all work areas, equipment and unrestricted areas. At a minimum, the decontamination efforts shall achieve the requirements of § 219.51 (relating to dose limits for individual members of the public).
(h) During efforts to recover a sealed source lodged in the well, the licensee shall continuously monitor, with an appropriate radiation detection instrument or a logging tool with a radiation detector, the circulating fluids from the well, if any, to check for contamination resulting from damage to the sealed source.
(i) Records required under subsections (a)--(g) shall include the dates, the identification of individuals making the survey, the survey instrumentation used and an exact description of the location of the survey. Records of these surveys shall be maintained for 3 years after completion of the survey or until the Department authorizes their disposal.
§ 226.42. Documents and records required at field stations.
A licensee or registrant shall maintain, for inspection by the Department, the following documents and records for the specific devices and sources used at the field station:
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(6) [Quarterly] Physical inventories required under § 226.15 (relating to [quarterly] physical inventory).
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(10) Training records required under § 226.21 (relating to training requirements).
§ 226.43. Documents and records required at temporary jobsites.
A licensee or registrant conducting operations at a temporary jobsite shall have the following documents and records available at that site for inspection by the Department:
(1) Operating and emergency procedures required under § 226.22 (relating to operating and emergency procedures).
(2) Survey records required under § 226.41 (relating to radiation surveys and contamination control) for the period of operation at the site.
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(5) The shipping papers for the transportation of radioactive materials required under Chapter 230 (relating to packaging and transportation of radioactive material).
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