PROPOSED RULEMAKING

DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES

[ 17 PA. CODE CH. 45 ]

Conservation of Pennsylvania Native Wild Plants

[47 Pa.B. 7210]
[Saturday, November 25, 2017]

 The Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Department) proposes to amend Chapter 45 (relating to conservation of Pennsylvania native wild plants) to read as set forth in Annex A.

A. Effective Date

 This proposed rulemaking will go into effect upon final-form publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.

B. Contact Persons

 The primary contact for questions regarding this proposed rulemaking is Rebecca H. Bowen, Chief, Ecological Services, Bureau of Forestry, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 8552, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552, (717) 787-3444, rebbowen@pa.gov. The secondary contact for questions regarding this proposed rulemaking is Stephen Ekema-Agbaw, Assistant Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 8767, Harrisburg, PA 17105, (717) 772-4171, sekema@pa.gov.

C. Statutory Authority

 This rulemaking is proposed under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (WRCA) (32 P.S. § 5307) and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (CRNA) (71 P.S. §§ 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).

 Section 7(a) of the WRCA provides that ''the [former] Department of Environmental Resources shall. . .conduct investigations on wild plants in order to ascertain information relating to. . .other biological and ecological data to classify plants and to determine management measures necessary for their continued ability to sustain themselves successfully.'' Under section 7(c) of the WRCA, ''[o]n the basis of such determinations, the Environmental Quality Board shall issue regulations not later than two years from the effective date of'' the WRCA. Under section 7(c) of the WRCA, ''[t]he Environmental Quality Board may add or delete species as conditions change and may modify regulations to reflect the changing environment.''

 Section 305(a)(9) of the CRNA transferred to the Department ''the powers and duties vested in the Department of Environmental Resources by the. . .Wild Resource Conservation Act.'' The former Department of Environmental Resources was the Department's predecessor in this interest. Section 313(g) of the CRNA transferred to the Department ''the powers and duties previously vested the Environmental Quality Board by. . .[s]ections 7, 8 and 9'' of the WRCA.

D. Purpose and Background

Purpose

 This rulemaking proposes to amend Chapter 45 by updating: 1) the classification lists of native wild plants; 2) the scientific and common names of certain native wild plants; and 3) the reference source that the Department uses for the names of native wild plants.

 Regarding updates to the classification lists of native wild plants, this rulemaking proposes to amend the following classification lists: Pennsylvania Extirpated (§ 45.11); Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12); Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13); Pennsylvania Rare (§ 45.14); and Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21).

 This rulemaking proposes to amend the classification lists by: 1) adding plants that are currently unclassified to a classification list; 2) reclassifying plants already on a classification list to a new classification; and 3) removing plants from the classification lists altogether (declassifying them).

Process of classifying native wild plants in Pennsylvania

 Native wild plant species are those plant species that existed in this Commonwealth prior to European settlement. There are approximately 2,800 native wild plant species that currently exist or formerly existed in this Commonwealth. The Department classifies approximately 1/5 of these species because they are a conservation concern; the other 4/5 are considered secure and thus not classified.

 The Department begins the process of classifying native wild plants by collecting and analyzing data on native wild plant species in this Commonwealth. The Department uses the following data to make its classification decisions: numbers of populations known in this Commonwealth; number of individuals within populations; the plant's range (amount of ground that it covers); threats such as pests, invasive species and habitat loss; decrease or increase in population numbers; and taxonomic information. The previous list is not exhaustive. The Department analyzes this data to determine the population, distribution, habitat needs, limiting factors, and other biological and ecological information about each plant species.

 An important piece of data that the Department uses to make classification decisions are referred to as ''State ranks.'' In this Commonwealth, each plant species receives a State rank from the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP). The PNHP assigns these ranks based on a methodology created by Nature Serve, an international network of natural heritage programs. The purpose of Nature Serve's methodology is to bring consistency to the biodiversity conservation efforts of individuals and organizations throughout the Western Hemisphere. This methodology is used across North America, Central America and South America. By using this standard tool, the Department ensures its evaluation methods are, at a minimum, equivalent to that of other states and countries in the Western Hemisphere and that its classification decisions are based on sound science.

 Throughout this process the Department also receives data, information and recommendations from the Pennsylvania Biological Survey's Vascular Plant Technical Committee (Committee). The Committee is composed of professional botanists working throughout this Commonwealth in academic, consulting, governmental and conservation organizations. Each year, the Committee makes classification recommendations for native wild plants based on the research and expertise of its professional botanists.

 The Department assimilates and reviews all data and recommendations it collects and receives, and determines the appropriate classifications for each native wild plant species under the definitions in Chapter 45.

Native wild plant classifications

 Under section 7(a) of the WRCA, how plants are classified determines the ''management measures necessary for their continued ability to sustain themselves successfully.'' Native wild plant species that are at risk of extinction in this Commonwealth need greater protection than those less susceptible to this risk. Chapter 45 designates the level of risk facing native wild plant species in this Commonwealth by classifying them as follows:

 Pennsylvania Extirpated (§ 45.11)—A classification of plant species believed to be extinct in this Commonwealth. If a plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated is later found to exist in this Commonwealth it will automatically be considered classified as Pennsylvania Endangered.

 Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12)—A classification of plant species that are in danger of extinction throughout most or all of their natural range in this Commonwealth if critical habitat is not maintained or if the species is greatly exploited by man. This classification also includes populations of plant species that have been classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated but are subsequently found to exist in this Commonwealth.

 Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13)—A classification of plant species that may become endangered throughout most or all of their natural range in this Commonwealth if critical habitat is not maintained to prevent their further decline, or if the species is greatly exploited by man.

 Pennsylvania Rare (§ 45.14)—A classification of plant species that are uncommon in this Commonwealth because they have low population numbers or are only found in restricted geographic areas.

 Pennsylvania Vulnerable (§ 45.15)—A classification of plant species that are in danger of population decline in this Commonwealth because of their beauty, economic value, use as a cultivar or other factors which indicate that persons may seek to remove these species from their native habitats.

 Special Concern Population (§ 45.20)—A classification of plant species that the Department has determined to be a unique occurrence deserving protection. Among the factors used to classify a plant species as a Special Concern Population are the existence of unusual geographic locations, unisexual populations or extraordinarily diverse plant populations.

 Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21)—A classification of plant species that are in danger of population decline but do not meet the criteria for any other classification due to taxonomic uncertainties, limited historical records or insufficient data.

Updating species nomenclature

 This proposed rulemaking updates the scientific and common names of certain native wild plant species to conform to the Department's new taxonomic source material.

 The current nomenclature used to identify species taxonomy in Chapter 45 comes from John T. Kartesz's 1980 publication, A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland, Volume 2: The Biota of North America. The Department now uses The Plants of Pennsylvania Second Edition (2007) by Ann Fowler Rhoads and Timothy A. Block as a reference. This proposed rulemaking updates the reference to reflect the most up-to-date information on native wild plants in this Commonwealth. This necessitates an update to the scientific and common names in Chapter 45 to remain consistent with the new source material. Additionally, this proposed rulemaking corrects minor grammatical errors and misspellings of species names.

Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory

 The proposed amendments will be incorporated into the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI).

 The PNDI is a database that maintains the Department's list of native wild plant classifications, as well as native rare wildlife classifications from the Game Commission, the Fish and Boat Commission and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The PNDI provides the most current, reliable and objective scientific information about ecological resources in this Commonwealth and it is used to help inform environmental decisions in the Commonwealth. Most notably, the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) uses the PNDI to inform its environmental permitting decisions.

 The overwhelming majority of users use the PNDI as part of the process of obtaining a DEP permit. The DEP requires permit applicants to screen their land use projects through the PNDI for potential impacts to threatened or endangered species to receive a DEP permit; threatened and endangered plant species are thereby protected by the DEP's permitting process.

 Although this proposed rulemaking will result in updates to the plant data in the PNDI, this proposed rulemaking will not affect the DEP's permitting process. The process of obtaining a DEP permit is beyond the scope of this proposed rulemaking. Instead, the PNDI's connection to this proposed rulemaking is limited to its use of the plant data that will result from the proposed amendments. No person, business, small business or organization will be required to invest in additional administrative procedures as a direct result of this proposed rulemaking.

 Finally, because this proposed rulemaking will remove more species from classifications than it adds, there may be fewer classified plant species for prospective DEP permit applicants to account for when applying to obtain DEP permits. Depending on the project type, location and classified plant species in question, prospective DEP permit applicants may see no change in the amount of mitigation required to address impacts to threatened and endangered species and fulfil permit requirements.

E. Summary of this Proposed Rulemaking

Subchapter A. General provisions

 The definition of ''unlisted'' is proposed to be deleted from § 45.2 (relating to definitions) because it is not used in Chapter 45.

 Proposed amendments to § 45.3 (relating to classified plant taxonomy) update the taxonomic source material that the Department uses for the nomenclature of native wild plants from John T. Kartesz and Rosemarie Kartesz, A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland, Volume 2: The Biota of North America (1980), to Ann Fowler Rhoads and Timothy A. Block, The Plants of Pennsylvania An Illustrated Manual Second Edition (2007), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Subchapter B. Classified plants

 There are 130 substantive proposed amendments to Subchapter B (relating to classified plants), with 79 proposed name changes and 51 classification changes. The substantive proposed amendments include: 9 currently unclassified plant species proposed to be newly classified; 11 currently classified plant species proposed to be reclassified; 31 currently classified plant species that are proposed to be unclassified; and 79 currently classified plant species with proposed name changes.

 For the purposes of this proposed rulemaking, a substantive name change is one that changes the meaning of the plant name (see the following ''plant name changes'' section). This proposed rulemaking makes minor grammatical corrections to plant names (that is, adding periods, deleting commas and fixing spelling errors) that do not change the meaning of the plant name and are therefore not substantive.

Newly classified and reclassified plant species

Scientific Name	Common Name	Current	Proposed	Reason for Change	Habitat/Identification Window
Asclepias variegata L.	White Milkweed	TU	PE	Population decrease; habitat decline	Dry woods; flowers late May—July
Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.	Blue False Indigo	N	PT	Population decrease; unique/rare habitat	River cobble bars and banks; flowers May— June, identifiable most months by leaf and seed pod
Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.	Long-Bracted Green Orchis	TU	PE	Population decrease; vulnerable to exploitation	Rich woods; flowers May—August
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Source: Flora of North America)	Northern Small Yellow Lady's-Slipper	N	PE	Taxon split into distinct subspecies; low numbers; unique/rare habitat; vulnerable to exploitation	Moist woods, bogs; flowers April—June
Epilobium strictum Muhl.	Downy Willow-Herb	PE	PR	Population increase; habitat decline; unique/rare habitat	Wet meadows, marshes, fens, thickets; flowers July—September
Equisetum scirpoides Michx. (Source: Flora of North America)	Dwarf Scouring-Rush	N	PE	Recent discovery in this Commonwealth; low numbers; unique/rare habitat	Wet woods and peaty openings; identifiable year-round
Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush	Pumpkin Ash	N	PE	Low numbers; unique/rare habitat; vulnerable to exotic pest	Wet bottomland forest, often in shallow water; identifiable year-round
Goodyera tesselata Lodd.	Checkered Rattlesnake-Plantain	TU	PE	Population decrease; habitat decline; vulnerable to exploitation	Moist coniferous and deciduous forest; flowers July—early September
Lycopodiella margueritae J. G. Bruce, W. H. Wagner & Beitel	Marguerite's Clubmoss	N	PE	Low numbers; global rarity; unique/rare habitat; vulnerable to exploitation	Moist sandy wetlands and shores; sporulates August—October
Lysimachia quadriflora Sims	Four-Flowered Loosestrife	TU	PX	Population extirpated	Wet meadows, fens; flowers July—August
Malaxis bayardii Fernald	Adder's-Mouth	PR	PE	Population decrease; global rarity; vulnerable to exploitation	Dry open upland forest, shale barrens; flowers July—September
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak, Lindleyana (Source: Flora of North America)	Northern Green Orchid	N	PE	Taxon split into distinct species; low numbers; vulnerable to exploitation	Wet meadows, marshes, fens, stream banks, moist deciduous forest slopes; flowers June— August
Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl.	Huron Green Orchid	N	PE	Taxon split into distinct species; low numbers; vulnerable to exploitation	Wet meadows, bogs, woods; flowers June— August
Platanthera peramoena (A. Gray) A. Gray	Purple Fringeless Orchid	TU	PT	Low numbers; unique/rare habitat; vulnerable to exploitation	Moist meadows, low wet woods, ditches; flowers July—August
Potentilla anserina L.	Silverweed	PT	PR	Unique/rare habitat; tolerant of disturbance	Moist sandy or gravelly shores, or ballast; flowers May—June, identifiable by leaf spring—fall
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart	Gray-Headed Prairie Coneflower	TU	PE	Population decrease	Dry fields, limestone uplands, open road- sides; flowers June— August
Rubus cuneifolius Pursh	Sand Blackberry	TU	PE	Population decrease; habitat decline; unique/rare habitat	Sandy dry open thickets and roadsides; flowers May—June, fruits in July, identifiable by leaf spring—fall
Solidago uliginosa Nutt.	Bog Goldenrod	N	PT	Population decrease; unique/rare habitat	Bogs, swamps, wet meadows, fens; flowers August—October
Vitis rupestris Scheele	Sand Grape	PX	PE	Recent rediscovery in this Commonwealth; low numbers; global rarity; unique/rare habitat	River cobble bars and banks; flowers in May, fruits August—Novem- ber; identifiable by leaf spring—fall
Zigadenus glaucus (Nutt.) Nutt.	White Camas	N	PE	Recent discovery in this Commonwealth; low numbers; unique/rare habitat	Limestone ledges; flowers in August

 Key: N—Currently Unclassified; PX—Pennsylvania Extirpated (§ 45.11); PE—Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12); PT—Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13); PR—Pennsylvania Rare (§ 45.14); PV—Pennsylvania Vulnerable (§ 45.15); TU—Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21)

Classified plant species being declassified

Scientific Name	Common Name	Current	Proposed	Reason for Change	Habitat/Identification
Alopecurus carolinianus Walt.	Tufted Foxtail	PE	DC	Determined to be nonnative to this Commonwealth; determined to be invasive; high numbers	Swamps, ditches, moist meadows; flowers late May—June
Aster firmus Nees	Firm Aster	TU	DC	Tolerant of disturbance; high numbers	Wet meadows, swamps, fens; flowers August— October
Atriplex littoralis L.	Seaside Orach	PX	DC	Recent rediscovery in this Commonwealth; determined to be nonnative to this Commonwealth	Coastal areas, beaches, salt-treated roadsides; flowers/fruits August— November
Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers.	Smooth Swallow-Wort	PE	DC	Population increase; determined to be invasive; tolerant of disturbance	River banks, agri- cultural fields, road- sides; flowers July— August
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.	Elephant's-Foot	PE	DC	Population increase; tolerant of disturbance	Open woodlands, woodland borders, serpentine barrens; flowers August— October
Elodea canadensis L. C. Rich.	Broad Waterweed (Male Plants)	TU	DC	High population numbers	Shallow water of rivers, creeks, lakes, ponds; flowers late June—early August
Juncus gymnocarpus Coville	Coville's Rush	PR	DC	Population increase; tolerant of disturbance	Swamps, seeps, springheads; flowers/fruits in summer
Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs	Little Water Duckweed	PX	DC	Determined to be nonnative to this Commonwealth; tolerant of disturbance	Shallow water, often in disturbed areas; identifiable by leaf spring—fall
Lycopodium selago L.	Mountain Clubmoss	PX	DC	Misidentified; redetermination	Cool boreal cliffs, forests, meadows, shores; sporulates July—September
Myriophyllum heterophyllum (Michx.)	Broad-Leaved Water-Milfoil	PE	DC	Recent rediscovery in this Commonwealth; determined to be nonnative to this Commonwealth	Still water of ponds, lakes; flowers June— July
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers.	American Lotus	PE	DC	Determined to be nonnative to this Commonwealth; determined to be invasive	Ponds and other quiet water; flowers June— September
Panicum bicknellii Nash (Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth Edition)	Bicknell's Panic-Grass	TU	DC	Taxonomic uncertainties	Wet or moist sandy woods; flowers May— early July and late summer—early fall
Panicum longiligulatum Nash (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Long-Ligule Panic-Grass	TU	DC	Taxon lumped with another species	Dry woods, slopes, clearings; flowers May—early July and late summer—early fall
Panicum recognitum Fern. (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Fernald's Panic-Grass	TU	DC	Taxon lumped with another species	Moist sandy woods; flowers May—early July and late summer—early fall
Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. var. paleacea Fern.	Chaffy Whitlow Wort	TU	DC	Taxon lumped with another species	Dry, rocky, sandy open woods and edges; flowers July— September
Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl.	Leafy Northern Green Orchid	PE	DC	Misidentified; redetermination	Wet tundra, stream banks; flowers July— August
Polygonum robustius (Small) Fern.	Robust Smartweed	PT	DC	Population increase; disturbance tolerant	Swamps, lake shores, streams; flowers July— October
Potamogeton illinoensis Morong	Illinois Pondweed	TU	DC	High numbers; disturbance tolerant	Rivers, streams, lakes, ponds; flowers/fruits summer—fall
Prenanthes crepidinea Michx.	Crepis Rattlesnake-Root	PE	DC	Population increase	Open and forested floodplains, banks; flowers August— November
Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides (Leavenw.) Fern.	Southern Mountain-Mint	PE	DC	Misidentified; redetermination	Open habitat; flowers July—September
Solidago purshii Porter	Pursh's Goldenrod	TU	DC	Taxon lumped with another species	Bogs, swamps, sedge meadows, fens; flowers August—October
Spirodela punctata (Mey.) C. H. Thompson	Eastern Water- Flaxseed	TU	DC	Determined to be nonnative to this Commonwealth	Ponds, lakes, swamps, sluggish streams; identifiable by leaf spring—fall
Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.	Ohio Spiderwort	TU	DC	High numbers; disturbance tolerant	Alluvial woods, waste ground; flowers May— July
Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walt.) Vail	Carolina Tassel-Rue	PR	DC	High numbers; disturbance tolerant	Wooded seepage slopes, stream banks, bogs; June—July
Utricularia inflata Walt.	Floating Bladderwort	PX	DC	Determined to be nonnative to this Commonwealth; determined to be invasive	Lakes, ponds, standing water; flowers May— October
Utricularia minor L.	Lesser Bladderwort	PT	DC	Population increase; disturbance tolerant; determined to be invasive	Lakes, ponds, swamps, standing water; flowers June—August
Utricularia purpurea Walt.	Purple Bladderwort	PR	DC	Population increase; disturbance tolerant	Lakes, ponds, standing water; flowers July— early September
Veronica catenata Pennell	Pennell's Speedwell	TU	DC	Taxonomic uncertainties	Wet fields, ditches, stream edges in shallow water; flowers May— September
Viola nephrophylla Greene	Northern Bog Violet	TU	DC	Misidentified; redetermination	Bogs, wet meadows, ditches, stream banks; flowers May—July
Viola pedatifida G. Don	Prairie Violet	PE	DC	Misidentified; redetermination	Open prairies, savannas; flowers April—June
Zannichellia palustris L.	Horned Pondweed	TU	DC	Population increase; disturbance tolerant	Streams, ponds, lakes, springs, tidal mudflats; flowers May—October

 Key: DC—Declassified; N—Currently Unclassified; PX—Pennsylvania Extirpated (§ 45.11); PE—Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12); PT—Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13); PR—Pennsylvania Rare (§ 45.14); PV—Pennsylvania Vulnerable (§ 45.15); TU—Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21)

Plant name changes

Pennsylvania Extirpated (§ 45.11)

 The names of 16 native wild plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated are proposed to be changed as follows:

 Carex aenea Fern. to Carex foenea Willd.

 Erianthus giganteus (Walt.) Muhl. to Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers.

 Eupatorium album L. to Eupatorium album L. var album

 Gentianopsis procera (Holm) Ma. to Gentianopsis virgata (Raf.) Holub

 Helianthum angustifolius L. to Helianthus angustifolius L.

 Hypericum stans (Michx.) P. Adams & Robson to Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz

 Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. to Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes

 Lycopodium sabinifolium Willd. to Diphasiastrum sabinifolium (Willd.) Holub.

 Panicum leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) to Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann

 Panicum spretum Schultes (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) to Dichanthelium spretum (Schult.) Freckmann

 Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M. C. Johnston to Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M. C. Johnst.

 Sagittaria stagnorum Small to Sagittaria filiformis J. G. Sm.

 Scirpus heterochaetus Chase to Schoenoplectus heterochaetus Chase (Sojak)

 Sisyrinchium arenicola E. P. Bickn. to Sisyrinchium fuscatum E. P. Bicknell

 Sparganium minimum (Hartm.) Fries to Sparganium natans L.

 Triglochin palustre L. to Triglochin palustris L.

Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12)

 The names of 28 native wild plant species classified as Pennsylvania Endangered are proposed to be changed as follows:

 Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. americana Schultes & Schultes to Alisma triviale Pursh

 Aster borealis (Torr. & Gray) Prov. to Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & Gray) Á. Löve & D. Löve

 Aster nemoralis Ait. to Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) E. Greene

 Aster solidagineus Michx. to Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.

 Aster spectabilis Ait. to Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) Nesom

 Cerastium arvense (L.) var. villosissimum Pennell to Cerastium velutinum Raf. var. villossissimum (Pennell) J. K. Morton

 Cymophyllus fraseri (Andr.) Mackenzie to Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker Gawl.) Kartesz & Gandhi

 Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. to Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum (Source: Flora of North America)

 Frasera caroliniensis Walt. to Swertia caroliniensis (Walter) Kuntze

 Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britt. to Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. C. Tucker

 Lycopodium alopecuroides L. to Lycopodiella alope- curoides (L.) Cranfill

 Lycopodium porophilum Lloyd & Underwood to Huperzia porophila (F. E. Lloyd & Underw.) Holub

 Megalodonta beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene to Bidens beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene

 Myriophyllum exalbescens Fern. to Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov

 Onosmodium hispidissimum Mackenzie to Onosmodium molle Michx. var. hispidissimum (Mack.) Cronquist

 Oryzopsis pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) A. S. Hitchc. to Piptatherum pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) Dorn

 Panicum scoparium (Lam.) Gould (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database) to Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould

 Panicum xanthophysum (Gray) Freckmann (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database) to Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann

 Polygonum careyi Olney to Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene

 Polygonum setaceum Baldw. ex Ell. var. interjectum Fern. to Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) Small

 Sagittaria calycina Engelm. var. spongiosa Engelm. to Sagittaria calycina Engelm.

 Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow to Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. Ex Bigel.) Löve & Löve

 Scirpus smithii Gray to Schoenoplectus smithii (A. Gray) Sojak

 Scirpus torreyi Olney to Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla

 Scleria reticularis Michx. to Scleria muhlenbergii Steud.

 Senecio antennariifolius Britt. to Packera antennariifolia (Britton) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve

 Solidago spathula DC. spp. randii var. racemosa (Greene) Gleason to Solidago simplex Kunth ssp. randii (Porter) Ringius var. racemosa (Greene) Ringius

 Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf. to Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) S. F. Blake

Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13)

 The names of nine native wild plant species classified as Pennsylvania Threatened are proposed to be changed as follows:

 Aster depauperatus (Porter) Fern. to Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fernald) Nesom

 Aster novi-belgii L. to Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Nesom var. novi-belgii

 Cimicifuga americana Michx. to Actaea podocarpa DC

 Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh) Greene to Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton

 Juncus alpinus Vill. to Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix in Vill. ssp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Hamet-Ahti.

 Juncus balticus Willd. to Juncus arcticus Willd. var. littoralis (Engelm.) Boivin.

 Lycopodium appressum (Chapman) Lloyd & Underwood to Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill

 Spiraea betulifolia Pallas ssp. corymbosa (Raf.) Taylor & MacBryde to Spiraea betulifolia Pallas var. corymbosa (Raf.) Maxim.

 Talinum teretifolium Pursh to Phemeranthus teretifolius (Pursh) Raf.

Pennsylvania Rare (§ 45.14)

 The names of four native wild plant species classified as Pennsylvania Rare are proposed to be changed as follows:

 Panicum commonsianum Ashe var. euchlamydeum (Skinners) Pohl (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database) to Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann var. euchlamydeum (Shinners) Pohl

 Prunus pumila L. to Prunus pumila L. var. pumila

 Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray to Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) Strong

 Senecio anonymus Wood to Packera anonyma (A. W. Wood) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve

Pennsylvania Vulnerable (§ 45.15)

 The name of Cypripedium pubescens Willd. is proposed to be changed to Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll.

Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21)

 The names of 21 native wild plant species classified as tentatively undetermined are proposed to be changed as follows:

 Aristida curtissii (Gray) Nash to Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii A. Gray

 Aster dumosus L. to Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom

 Aster ericoides L. to Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom

 Cassia marilandica L. to Senna marilandica (L.) Link

 Hedyotis purpurea (L.) Torr. & Gray to Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea

 Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. nieuwlandii Lunell and Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell combined Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd.

 Malaxis brachypoda (Gray) Fern. to Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz var. brachypoda (A. Gray) F. Morris & E. A. Eames

 Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibthorp & Sm. ssp. pumilum (Timm) E. O. Beal to Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald

 Panicum annulum Ashe (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database) to Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond

 Panicum boreale Nash (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) to Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann

 Panicum commonsianum Ashe var. commonsianum (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database) to Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann

 Panicum lucidum Ashe (Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth Edition) to Dichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond

 Panicum villosissimum Nash (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) to Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann

 Panicum yadkinense Ashe (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) to Dichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.

 Potamogeton filiformis Pers. to Potamogeton filiformis Pers. var. borealis (Raf.) St. John

 Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt. to Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr.

 Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) to Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With.

 Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small to Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral

 Senecio plattensis Nutt. to Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve

 Uvularia puberula Michx. to Uvularia pudica Michx.

F. Benefits, Costs and Compliance

Benefits

 This proposed rulemaking will benefit State, county and municipal conservation planning officials, conservation groups and other organizations concerned with the welfare of the environment because it more accurately represents the plants in this Commonwealth in need of the most protection. Additionally, this proposed rulemaking benefits the citizens of this Commonwealth by protecting this Commonwealth's natural resources, which is a constitutional right. See Pa.Const. Art. I, § 27.

 Keeping up-to-date classifications of native wild plants, ensures that the Department and other public and private conservation organizations are targeting the appropriate species in their conservation efforts. This will help maintain the biodiversity of ecological systems in this Commonwealth.

Compliance costs

 This proposed rulemaking does not prescribe anything for a group or entity to comply with. This proposed rulemaking updates the Commonwealth's classified lists of native wild plants, updates the scientific and common names of certain native wild plant species, and updates the reference source of the nomenclature that the Department uses for native wild plant species taxonomy. There are no compliance costs associated with this proposed rulemaking.

Paperwork requirements

 There will be no increase in the amount of required paperwork associated with this proposed rulemaking.

G. Sunset Review

 The regulations will be reviewed in accordance with the sunset review schedule published by the Department to determine whether the regulations effectively fulfill the goals for which they were intended.

H. Regulatory Review

 Under section 5(a) of the Regulatory Review Act (71 P.S. § 745.5(a)), on November 6, 2017, the Department submitted a copy of this proposed rulemaking and a copy of a Regulatory Analysis Form to the Independent Regulatory Review Commission (IRRC) and to the Chairpersons of the Senate and House Environmental Resources and Energy Committees. A copy of this material is available to the public upon request.

 Under section 5(g) of the Regulatory Review Act, IRRC may convey comments, recommendations or objections to the proposed rulemaking within 30 days of the close of the public comment period. The comments, recommendations or objections must specify the regulatory review criteria in section 5.2 of the Regulatory Review Act (71 P.S. § 745.5b) which have not been met. The Regulatory Review Act specifies detailed procedures for review prior to final publication of the rulemaking by the Department, the General Assembly and the Governor.

I. Public Comments

 Interested persons are invited to submit comments regarding this proposed rulemaking to Rebecca H. Bowen, Ecological Services Section, Bureau of Forestry, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 8552, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552 (hand delivery, express mail or first class mail to Rachel Carson State Office Building, 6th Floor, 400 Market Street, Harrisburg, PA 17101-2301). Comments submitted by facsimile will not be accepted. Comments must be received by the Department 30 days from the date this proposed rulemaking is published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.

 Comments may also be submitted to the Department at RA-Ch45WildPlant@pa.gov and must also be received by the Department 30 days from the date this proposed rulemaking is published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. Use ''Chapter 45 proposed rulemaking'' as the subject line. A return name and United States Postal Service mailing address must be included in each transmission.

CINDY ADAMS DUNN, 
Secretary

 Fiscal Note: 7B-8. No fiscal impact; (8) recommends adoption.

Annex A

TITLE 17. CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES

PART I. DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Subpart D. RESOURCE CONSERVATION

CHAPTER 45. CONSERVATION OF PENNSYLVANIA NATIVE WILD PLANTS

Subchapter A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

§ 45.2. Definitions.

 The following words and terms, when used in this chapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

*  *  *  *  *

 Tentatively Undetermined—A classification of plant species which are believed to be in danger of population decline, but which cannot presently be included within another classification due to taxonomic uncertainties, limited evidence within historical records or insufficient data.

 [Unlisted—Plant species which are native to this Commonwealth, presently capable of sustaining their populations successfully, not in need of protection currently and currently not included in classifications under this chapter.]

 Wild plants—Naturally occurring native flora, except those commonly considered an agricultural commodity, including green and nongreen species or subspecies, variety or a part, product, seed or progeny thereof.

§ 45.3. Classified plant taxonomy.

 Nomenclature used to identify species taxonomy [contained within Subchapter B is according to Kartesz, J. T. and Rosemarie Kartesz, 1980 A Synonymized Checklist of the Flora of the U. S., Canada, and Greenland] in Subchapter B (relating to classified plants) is according to Rhoads, A. F. and Block, T. A. (2007), The Plants of Pennsylvania An Illustrated Manual Second Edition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, unless a different taxonomic source is indicated immediately following the scientific name.

Subchapter B. CLASSIFIED PLANTS

§ 45.11. Pennsylvania Extirpated.

 Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated are as follows:

Scientific Name	Common Name
Aeschynomene virginica (L.) [BSP.] Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Sensitive Joint-Vetch
Agalinis decemloba (Greene) Pennell	[Blue-Ridge False-Foxglove] Blue Ridge False Foxglove
Agrostis altissima [(Walt.) Tuckerman] (Walter) Tuck.	Tall Bentgrass
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.	Bearberry Manzanita
Asclepias rubra L.	Red Milkweed
Astragalus neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) Sheldon	Cooper's Milk-Vetch
[Atriplex littoralis L.	Seaside Orach]
Berberis canadensis P. Mill.	American Barberry
Buchnera americana L.	[Blue Hearts] Bluehearts
Carex adusta Boott	Crowded Sedge
[Carex aenea Fern.	Fernald's Hay Sedge]
Carex alopecoidea Tuckerman	Foxtail Sedge
Carex backii Boott	Rocky Mountain Sedge
Carex barrattii [Schwein] Schwein. & Torr.	Barratt's Sedge
Carex chordorrhiza [Ehrh. ex] L.f.	Creeping Sedge
Carex foenea Willd.	Fernald's Hay Sedge
Carex hyalinolepis Steud.	[Shore-Line] Shoreline Sedge
Carex nigra (L.) Reichard	Black Sedge
Carex sartwellii Dewey	Sartwell's Sedge
Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) [BSP.] Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Atlantic [White Cedar] White-Cedar
Commelina erecta L.	Slender [Day-Flower] Dayflower
Commelina virginica L.	Virginia [Day-Flower] Dayflower
Coreopsis rosea Nutt.	Pink Tickseed
Crassula aquatica (L.) [Schoenl.] Schönland	[Water Pigmy-Weed] Water-Pigmyweed
Crotonopsis elliptica Willd.	Elliptical Rushfoil
Cynoglossum boreale [Fern.] Fernald	Northern Hound's Tongue
Cyperus polystachyos Rottb.	Many-Spiked Flatsedge
Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd.	Small White Lady's-Slipper
Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. [&] and A. Gray	Sessile-Leaved Tick Trefoil
Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann	Leiberg's Panic Grass
Dichanthelium spretum (Schult.) Freckmann	Eaton's Witchgrass
Diphasiastrum sabinifolium (Willd.) Holub.	Fir Clubmoss
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene	Sea-Shore Salt-Grass
Draba reptans (Lam.) [Fern.] Fernald	Carolina Whitlow-Grass
Echinacea laevigata (C. L. [Boynt.] Boynton & Beadle) S. F. Blake	Smooth Purple Coneflower
Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn.	[Long-Stemmed Water-Wort] Long-Stem Waterwort
Eleocharis tricostata Torr.	Three-Ribbed Spike-Rush
Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.) [Roemer & Schultes] Roem. & Schult.	Long-Tubercled Spike-Rush
Elodea schweinitzii [(Planch.) Caspary] (Planch) Casp.	Schweinitz's Waterweed
[Erianthus giganteus (Walt.) Muhl.	Sugar Cane Plumegrass]
Eriocaulon decangulare L.	[Ten-Angled] Ten-Angle Pipewort
Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. [Robins.] Rob.	Parker's Pipewort
Eryngium aquaticum L.	Marsh Eryngo
Eupatorium album L. var album	White Thoroughwort
Eupatorium leucolepis [(DC.) Torr] (DC) Torr. & A. Gray	White-Bracted Thoroughwort
Euphorbia obtusata Pursh	Blunt-Leaved Spurge
Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl	Hairy Fimbry
Galactia regularis (L.) [BSP.] Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Eastern Milk-Pea
Galactia volubilis (L.) [Britt.] Britton	[Downey] Downy Milk-Pea
Gentiana catesbaei [Walt.] Walter	Elliott's Gentian
[Gentianopsis procera (Holm) Ma.	Lesser Fringed-Gentian]
Gentianopsis virgata (Raf.) Holub	Narrow-Leaved Fringed Gentian
[Helianthum] Helianthus angustifolius L.	Swamp Sunflower
Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Á. Löve	[Little Barley] Little-Barley
Hottonia inflata [Ell.] Elliott	American Featherfoil
Hydrocotyle umbellata L.	Many-Flowered Pennywort
Hypericum adpressum [Bart.] Raf. ex Barton	Creeping St. John's-Wort
Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz	St. Peter's-Wort
Hypericum [denticuiatum Walt.] denticulatum Walter	Coppery St. John's-Wort
Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & A. Gray	Clasping-Leaved St. John's-Wort
[Hypericum stans (Michx.) P. Adams & Robson	St. Peter's-Wort
Ilex glabra (L.) Gray	Ink-Berry]
Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray	Inkberry
Itea virginica L.	[Virginia Willow] Virginia-Willow
Juncus greenei Oakes & [Tuckerman] Tuck.	Greene's Rush
Koeleria [cristata (L.) Pers.] macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes	Junegrass
Leiophyllum buxifolium (Berg.) [Ell.] Elliott	Sand-Myrtle
[Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs	Little Water Duckweed]
Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.	Tall [Bush Clover] Bush-Clover
Limosella australis R. Br.	Awl-Shaped Mudwort
Lobelia nuttallii [Roemer & Schultes] Roem. & Schult.	Nuttall's Lobelia
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa [Ell.] Elliott	Spherical-Fruited Seedbox
[Lycopodium sabinifolium Willd.	Fir Clubmoss
Lycopodium selago L.	Mountain Clubmoss]
Lysimachia quadriflora Sims	Four-Flowered Loosestrife
Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woods.	Carolina Milkvine
Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst.	Nuttall's Mud-Flower
Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin.	Short Muhly
Myrica heterophylla Raf.	Evergreen Bayberry
Onosmodium virginianum (L.) A. DC.	Virginia [False-Gromwell] False Gromwell
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. pycnostichum [Fern.] Fernald	Adders Tongue
[Panicum leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, (Second Edition)	Leiberg's Panic-grass
Panicum spretum Schultes (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)	Spurned Panic-Grass]
Phoradendron [serotinum (Raf.) M. C. Johnston] leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M. C. Johnst.	Christmas Mistletoe
Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt.	Carolina Leaf-Flower
Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl.	Crested Yellow Orchid
Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.	Prairie White-Fringed Orchid
Polygala lutea L.	Yellow Milkwort
Populus heterophylla L.	Swamp Cottonwood
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis	Northern Pondweed
Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen	[White-Stemmed] White-Stem Pondweed
Prenanthes racemosa Michx.	Glaucous Rattlesnake-Root
Proserpinaca pectinata Lam.	Comb-Leaved Mermaid-Weed
Ranunculus hederaceus L.	Long-Stalked Crowfoot
Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr.	Flame Azalea
Rhynchospora fusca (L.) [Ait] Aiton f.	Brown [Beaked-Rush] Beak-Rush
Rhynchospora gracilenta A. Gray	[Beaked-Rush] Beak-Rush
Ruellia caroliniensis [(Gmel.)] (Walter ex J. F. Gmel.) Steud.	Carolina Petunia
Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr.	Slender [Marsh Pink] Marsh-Pink
Sabatia stellaris Pursh	Sea Pink
Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers.	Sugarcane-Plumegrass
Sagittaria [stagnorum Small] filiformis J. G. Sm.	Water Arrow-Head
[Scirpus] Schoenoplectus heterochaetus Chase (Sojak)	Slender [Bullrush] Bulrush
Scutellaria serrata Andr.	Showy Skullcap
[Sisyrinchium arenicola Bickn.] Sisyrinchium fuscatum E. P. Bicknell	Sand Blue-Eyed Grass
Smilax [pseudo-china] pseudochina L.	Long-Stalked Greenbrier
Sparganium [minimum (Hartm.) Fries] natans L.	Small Bur-Reed
Spiraea virginiana [Britt.] Britton	Virginia Spiraea
Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak	Ladies'-Tresses
Trifolium reflexum L.	Buffalo Clover
Triglochin [palustre] palustris L.	Marsh Arrowgrass
Utricularia fibrosa Walt.	Fibrous Bladderwort
[Utricularia inflata Walt.	Floating Bladderwort]
Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene ex Bigelow	Northeastern Bladderwort
[Vitis rupestris Scheele	Sand Grape]

§ 45.12. Pennsylvania Endangered.

 Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Endangered are as follows:

Scientific Name	Common Name
Aconitum reclinatum A. Gray	White Monkshood
Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf.	Sweet Flag
Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) S. F. Blake	Eared False Foxglove
[Agalinus paupercula (Gray) Britt.] Agalinis paupercula (A. Gray) Britton	Small-Flowered [False-Foxglove] False Foxglove
[Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. americana Schultes & Schultes] Alisma triviale Pursh	Broad-Leaved Water-Plaintain
Alnus viridis [(Chaix) DC.] (Vill.) DC	Mountain Alder
[Alopecurus carolinianus Walt.	Tufted Foxtail]
Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) M. [Roemer] Roem.	Oblong-Fruited Serviceberry
Ammania coccinea Rottb.	Scarlet Ammannia
Anemone cylindrica A. Gray	[Long-Fruited] Long-Headed Anemone
Arabis missouriensis Greene	Missouri [Rock-Cress] Rockcress
Arethusa bulbosa L.	[Swamp-Pink] Dragon's-Mouth
Arnica acaulis [(Walt.) BSP.] (Walter) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Leopard's-Bane
Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & [Clements] Clements.	Beach Wormwood
Asclepias variegata L.	White Milkweed
Asplenium resiliens Kunze	Black-Stemmed Spleenwort
[Aster borealis (Torr. & Gray) Prov.	Rush Aster
Aster nemoralis Ait.	Bog-Aster
Aster solidagineus Michx.	Narrow-Leaved White-Topped Aster
Aster spectabilis Ait.	Low Showy Aster]
Bidens beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene	Beck's Water-Marigold
Boltonia asteroides (L.) [L'Her.] L'Hér.	Aster-Like Boltonia
Cardamine pratensis L. var. palustris Wimm. & Grab. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)	Cuckooflower
Carex atherodes Spreng.	Awned Sedge
Carex aurea Nutt.	Golden-Fruited Sedge
Carex bebbii (Bailey) Fern.	Bebb's Sedge
Carex bicknellii [Britt.] Britton	Bicknell's Sedge
Carex bullata [Schkuhr] Willd.	Bull Sedge
Carex careyana Dewey	Carey's Sedge
Carex collinsii Nutt.	Collin's Sedge
Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis [Fern. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)] Fernald	[Short Hair] Short-Hair Sedge
Carex eburnea Boott	Ebony Sedge
Carex formosa Dewey	Handsome Sedge
Carex garberi [Fern.] Fernald	Elk Sedge
Carex geyeri Boott	Geyer's Sedge
Carex gravida Bailey	Heavy Sedge
Carex mitchelliana M. A. Curtis	Mitchell's Sedge
Carex pauciflora Lightf.	Few-Flowered Sedge
Carex polymorpha Muhl.	Variable Sedge
Carex pseudocyperus L.	Cyperus-Like Sedge
Carex retrorsa Schwein.	Backward Sedge
Carex typhina Michx.	Cat-Tail Sedge
Carex viridula Michx.	Green Sedge
[Cerastium arvense (L.) var. villosissimum Pennell	Mouse-Ear Chickweed]
Cerastium velutinum Raf. var. villossissimum (Pennell) J. K. Morton	Octoraro Creek Chickweed
Chasmanthium laxum (L.) H. O. Yates	Slender [Sea-Oats] Wild-Oats
Chenopodium foggii [H. A.] Wahl	Fogg's Goosefoot
Chrysogonum virginianum L.	Green-and-Gold
Cirsium horridulum Michx.	Horrible Thistle
Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr.	[Twig Rush] Twig-Rush
Clematis viorna L.	[Vase-Vine] Leather-Flower
Clethra acuminata Michx.	Mountain [Pepper-Bush] Pepperbush
Clitoria mariana L.	[Butterfly-Pea] Butterfly Pea
Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.	Long-Bracted Green Orchis
Conioselinum chinense (L.) [BSP.] Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Hemlock-Parsley
Cryptogramma stelleri [(Gmel)] (Gmel.) Prantl	Slender [Rock-Brake] Rockbrake
[Cymophyllus fraseri (Andr.) Mackenzie] Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker Gawl.) Kartesz & Gandhi	Fraser's Sedge
[Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers.	Smooth Swallow-Wort]
Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook.	Short-Pointed Flatsedge
Cyperus diandrus Torr.	Umbrella [Flatsedge] Sedge
Cyperus houghtonii Torr.	Houghton's Flatsedge
Cyperus refractus Engelm. [ex Steud.]	Reflexed Flatsedge
Cyperus retrorsus Chapman	Retrorse Flatsedge
[Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.	Small Yellow Lady's-Slipper]
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Source: Flora of North America)	Northern Small Yellow Lady's-Slipper
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum (Source: Flora of North America)	Southern Small Yellow Lady's-Slipper
Delphinium exaltatum [Ait.] Aiton	Tall Larkspur
Desmodium humifusum (Muhl.) Beck	Trailing Tick-Trefoil
Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Bradenburg [(Morris Arboretum, 1992 Pennsylvania Flora Database)]	[American Beakgrain] Obovate Beakgrain
Dicentra eximia [(Ker-Gwal.)] (Ker Gwal.) Torr.	Wild [Bleeding-Hearts] Bleeding-Heart
Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould	Velvety Panic Grass
Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann	Slender Panic Grass
Dodecatheon meadia L.	[Common] Shooting-Star
Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson	Mountain Wood Fern
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller	Walter's Barnyard-Grass
Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S. F. Blake	Capitate Spike-Rush
Eleocharis compressa [Sullivant (Gleason, H. A. and A Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)] Sull.	Flat-Stemmed Spike-Rush
Eleocharis elliptica Kunth	Slender Spike-Rush
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) [Schultes] Schult. var. peasei Svenson [(Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth edition)]	Wright's Spike-Rush
Eleocharis parvula [(Roemer & Schultes) Link ex Buff.] (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Buffon & Fingerh.	[Little-Spike] Dwarf Spike-Rush
Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link var. fernaldii [Svens. (Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth edition)] Swenson	Few-Flowered Spike-Rush
Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) [Roemer & Schultes] Roem. & Schult.	Four-Angled Spike-Rush
Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr.	Beaked Spike-Rush
Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) [Schultes] Schult. var. verrucosa (Svenson) Svenson [(Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)]	Slender Spike-Rush
[Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.	Elephant's-Foot
Epilobium strictum Muhl.	Downey Willow-Herb]
Equisetum scirpoides Michx. (Source: Flora of North America)	Dwarf Scouring-Rush
Equisetum variegatum Schleich. [ex Weber & C. Mohr]	Variegated [Horsetail] Scouring-Rush
Eriophorum gracile [W. D. J.] Koch ex Roth	Slender [Cottongrass] Cotton-Grass
Eriophorum tenellum Nutt.	Rough [Cottongrass] Cotton-Grass
Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L.	Wild Ipecac
Euphorbia purpurea (Raf.) [Fern.] Fernald	Glade Spurge
Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) Nesom	Showy Aster
Festuca paradoxa Desv.	Cluster Fescue
[Frasera caroliniensis Walt.	American Columbo]
Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush	Pumpkin Ash
Galium labradoricum [(Wieg.) Wieg.] Wiegand	[Labrador Marsh] Bog Bedstraw
Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torr. & A. Gray	Dwarf Huckleberry
Geranium bicknellii [Britt.] Britton	Cranesbill
Glyceria borealis (Nash) [Batchelder] Batch.	[Small-Floating Manna-Grass] Small Floating Mannagrass
Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin.	Blunt Manna-Grass
Goodyera tesselata Lodd.	Checkered Rattlesnake-Plantain
Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) [BSP.] Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Broad-Leaved Beardgrass
Helianthemum bicknellii [Fern.] Fernald	Bicknell's Hoary Rockrose
[Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britt.	Common Hemicarpha]
Heteranthera multiflora [(Griseb) Horn. (Gleason, H. A. and A Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)] (Griseb.) Horn.	Multi-Flowered Mud-Plantain
Hieracium traillii Greene	Maryland Hawkweed
Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.	Vanilla Sweet-Grass
Huperzia porophila (F. E. Lloyd & Underw.) Holub	Sandstone-Loving Firmoss
Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt.	Large-Leaved Water-Leaf
Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud.	[Purple Rocket] Purple-Rocket
Iris cristata [Soland.] Sol. ex Aiton	[Crested Dwarf] Dwarf Crested Iris
Iris prismatica Pursh	Slender Blue [Iris] Flag
Iris verna L.	Dwarf Iris
Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf.	Small-Whorled Pogonia
Juncus brachycarpus Engelm.	Short-Fruited Rush
Juncus dichotomus [Ell.] Elliott	Forked Rush
Juncus longii Fern.	Long's Rush
Juncus militaris Bigelow	Bayonet Rush
Juncus scirpoides Lam.	Scirpus-Like Rush
Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) [Ell.] Elliott	[Narrowleaf Bushclover] Narrow-Leaved Bush-Clover
Ligusticum canadense (L.) [Britt.] Britton	Nondo Lovage
Linum intercursum [Bickn.] E. P. Bicknell	Sandplain Wild Flax
Linum sulcatum Riddell	[Grooved-Yellow] Grooved Yellow Flax
Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. C. Tucker	Common Hemicarpha
Listera australis Lindl.	Southern Twayblade
Listera cordata (L.) R. Br.	[Heart-Leaved] Heartleaf Twayblade
Listera smallii [Wieg.] Wiegand	Kidney-Leaved Twayblade
Lithospermum caroliniense (J. F. Gmel.) [MacM.] MacMill.	Hispid Gromwell
Lithospermum latifolium Michx.	American Gromwell
Lobelia kalmii L.	Brook Lobelia
Lobelia puberula Michx.	Downy Lobelia
Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook.	Swamp [Fly Honeysuckle] Fly-Honeysuckle
Lonicera villosa (Michx.) [Roemer & Schultes] Roem. & Schult.	Mountain [Fly Honeysuckle] Fly-Honeysuckle
Ludwigia decurrens [Walt.] Walter	Upright Primrose-Willow
Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter	False Loosestrife Seedbox
[Lycopodium alopecuroides L.	Foxtail Clubmoss
Lycopodium porophilum Lloyd & Underwood	Rock Clubmoss]
Lycopodiella alopecuroides (L.) Cranfill	Foxtail Bog Clubmoss
Lycopodiella margueritae J. G. Bruce, W. H. Wagner & Beitel	Marguerite's Clubmoss
Lycopus rubellus [Moench] Moench.	Taper-Leaved Bugle-Weed
Lyonia mariana (L.) D. Don	[Stagger-Bush] Staggerbush
Malaxis bayardii Fernald	Adder's-Mouth
Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & F. E. Boynton	Large-Flowered Marshallia
Matelea obliqua (Jacq.) [Woods.] Woodson	Oblique Milkvine
[Megalodonta beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene	Beck's Water-Marigold]
Mitella nuda L.	Naked Bishop's-Cap
Monarda punctata L.	Spotted Bee-Balm
Montia chamissoi (Ledeb. ex Spreng.) Greene	Chamisso's Miner's-Lettuce
Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fern.	Fall Dropseed Muhly
[Myriophyllum exalbescens Fern.	Northern Water-Milfoil]
Myriophyllum farwellii Morong	Farwell's Water-Milfoil
[Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.	Broad-Leaved Water-Milfoil]
Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov	Northern Water-Milfoil
Myriophyllum verticillatum L.	Whorled Water-Milfoil
Najas marina L.	Holly-Leaved Naiad
[Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers.	American Lotus]
Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) E. Greene	Leafy Bog Aster
[Onosmodium hispidissimum Mackenzie] Onosmodium molle Michx. var. hispidissimum (Mack.) Cronquist	False Gromwell
Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl	Limestone [Adder's Tongue] Adder's-Tongue
[Oryzopsis pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) A. S. Hitchc.	Slender Mountain-Ricegrass
Panicum amarum Ell. var. amarulum (A. S. Hitchc. & Chase) P. G. Palmer (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Southern Sea-Beach Panic-Grass
Panicum scoparium (Lam.) Gould (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Velvety Panic-Grass
Panicum xanthophysum (Gray) Freckmann (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Slender Panic-Grass]
Packera antennariifolia (Britton) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve	Cat's-Paw Ragwort
Panicum amarum Elliott var. amarulum (A. Hitchc. & Chase) P. G. Palmer	Beachgrass
Parnassia glauca Raf.	[Carolina] Grass-of-Parnassus
Passiflora lutea L.	Passion-Flower
Paxistima canbyi A. Gray	Canby's Mountain-Lover
Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene	Carey's Smartweed
Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) Small	Swamp Smartweed
Phlox ovata L.	Mountain Phlox
Phlox subulata L. ssp. brittonii (Small) Wherry	Moss Pink
Piptatherum pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) Dorn	Slender Mountain Ricegrass
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak, Lindleyana (Source: Flora of North America)	Northern Green Orchid
Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck	[Leafy White Orchid] Tall White Bog-Orchid
[Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl.	Leafy Northern Green Orchid]
Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl.	Huron Green Orchid
Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex [Ell.] Elliott	Autumn Bluegrass
[Polemonium vanbruntiae Britt.] Polemonium van-bruntiae Britton	Jacob's-Ladder
Polygala cruciata L.	Cross-Leaved Milkwort
Polygala curtissii A. Gray	Curtis' Milkwort
Polygala incarnata L.	Pink Milkwort
[Polygonum careyi Olney	Carey's Smartweed
Polygonum setaceum Baldw. ex Ell. var. interjectum Fern.	Swamp Smartweed]
Polystichum braunii [(Spenner)] (Spenn.) Fee	Braun's Holly Fern
Populus balsamifera L.	Balsam Poplar
Potamogeton friesii Rupr.	Fries' Pondweed
Potamogeton gramineus L.	Grassy Pondweed
Potamogeton hillii Morong	Hill's Pondweed
Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch	Blunt-Leaved Pondweed
Potamogeton pulcher [Tuckerman] Tuck.	Spotted Pondweed
Potamogeton strictifolius A. Benn.	Narrow-Leaved Pondweed
Potamogeton tennesseensis [Fern.] Fernald	Tennessee Pondweed
Potamogeton vaseyi J. W. Robbins	Vasey's Pondweed
Potentilla fruticosa L.	Shrubby Cinquefoil
Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. [ex Torr. & Gray]	Bushy Cinquefoil
Potentilla tridentata [(Soland) Ait.] Aiton	Three-Toothed Cinquefoil
[Prenanthes crepidinea Michx.	Crepis Rattlesnake-Root]
Prunus maritima [Marsh.] Marshall	Beach Plum
Prunus nigra Ait.	Canada Plum
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf.	Mock Bishop-Weed
[Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides (Leavenw.) Fern.	Southern Mountain-Mint]
Pycnanthemum torrei Benth.	Torrey's Mountain-Mint
Quercus falcata Michx.	[Spanish] Southern Red Oak
Quercus phellos L.	Willow Oak
Quercus shumardii [Buckl.] Buckley	[Shumard's] Shumard Oak
Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex J.M. Bigelow	Tufted Buttercup
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart	Gray-Headed Prairie Coneflower
Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh	Lanceolate Buckthorn
Rhexia mariana L.	Maryland Meadow-Beauty
Rhododendron atlanticum (Ashe) [Rehd.] Rehder	Dwarf Azalea
Rhynchospora capillacea Torr.	Capillary [Beaked-Rush] Beak-Rush
Ribes missouriense Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray	Missouri Gooseberry
Rubus cuneifolius Pursh	Sand Blackberry
Ruellia humilis Nutt.	Fringed-Leaved Petunia
Sagittaria calycina Engelm. [var. spongiosa Engelm.]	Long-Lobed [Arrow-Head] Arrowhead
Scheuchzeria palustris L.	Pod-Grass
[Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow	Hard-Stemmed Bullrush]
Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigel.) Löve & Löve	Hard-Stemmed Bulrush
Schoenoplectus smithii (A. Gray) Sojak	Smith's Bulrush
Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla	Torrey's Bulrush
Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler	Northeastern [Bullrush] Bulrush
[Scirpus smithii Gray	Smith's Bullrush
Scirpus torreyi Olney	Torrey's Bullrush]
Scleria minor [(Britt.) W.] (Brittton) Stone	[Minor Nutrush] Small Nut-Rush
[Scleria reticularis Michx.	Reticulated Nutrush]
Scleria muhlenbergii Steud.	Reticulated Nut-Rush
Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd.	Whorled [Nutrush] Nut-Rush
Sedum rosea (L.) Scop.	Roseroot Stonecrop
[Senecio antennariifolius Britt.	Cat's-Paw Ragwort]
Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Narrow-Leaved White-Topped Aster
Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.	Canada Buffalo-Berry
Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby	[Sida] Virginia Mallow
Sisyrinchium atlanticum [Bickn.] E. P. Bicknell	Eastern [Blue-Eyed Grass] Blue-Eyed-Grass
Solidago arguta [Ait. var. harrissii (Steele) Cronq.] Aiton var. harrisii (E. S. Steele) Cronquist	Harris' Goldenrod
Solidago curtissii Torr. & A. Gray	Curtis' Goldenrod
Solidago erecta Banks ex Pursh	Slender Goldenrod
[Solidago spathulata DC. ssp. randii var. racemosa (Greene) Gleason] Solidago simplex Kunth ssp. randii (Porter) Ringius var. racemosa (Greene) Ringius	Sticky Goldenrod
Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid.	Showy Mountain-Ash
Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong	Branching Bur-Reed
Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise	Case's Ladies'-Tresses
Spiranthes ovalis Lindl.	October Ladies'-Tresses
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham.	Hooded Ladies'-Tresses
Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray	Spring Ladies'-Tresses
Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) A. [S.] Hitchc.	Rough Dropseed
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray	Sand Dropseed
Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray	Prairie Dropseed
Stachys nuttallii [Shuttlw.] Shuttlew. ex Benth.	Nuttall's Hedge-Nettle
Swertia caroliniensis (Walter) Kuntze	American Columbo
Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & Gray) Á. Löve & D. Löve	Northern Bog Aster
Taenidia montana [(Mackenzie) Cronq. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)] (Mack.) Cronquist	Mountain Pimpernel
Thalictrum coriaceum (Britt.) Small	Thick-Leaved Meadow-Rue
[Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf.	Eared False-Foxglove]
Trichostema setaceum Houtt.	Narrow-Leaved Blue-Curls
Trifolium virginicum Small	[Kate's Mountain] Kate's-Mountain Clover
Triphora trianthophora [(Sw.)] (Swartz) Rydb.	Nodding Pogonia
Triplasis purpurea [(Walt.) Chapman] (Walter) Chapm.	Purple Sandgrass
Trollius laxus Salisb. [ssp. laxus]	Spreading Globe-Flower
Veronia glauca (L.) Willd.	Tawny Ironweed
Viburnum nudum L.	Possum Haw Viburnum
Viola brittoniana Pollard	Coast Violet
[Viola pedatifida G. Don	Prairie Violet]
Vitis novae-angliae [Fern.] Fernald	New England Grape
Vitis rupestris Scheele	Sand Grape
Zigadenus glaucus (Nutt.) Nutt.	White Camas

§ 45.13. Pennsylvania Threatened.

 Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Threatened are as follows:

Scientific Name	Common Name
Aconitum uncinatum L.	Blue Monkshood
Actaea podocarpa DC	American Bugbane
Ammophila breviligulata [Fern.] Fernald	American Beachgrass
Arceuthobium pusillum [M. E.] Peck	Dwarf Mistletoe
Aristida purpurascens Poir.	Arrow-Feather Three-Awned Grass
Asplenium bradleyi D. C. [Eat.] Eaton	Bradley's Spleenwort
[Aster depauperatus (Porter) Fern.	Serpentine Aster
Aster novi-belgii L.	Long-Leaved Aster]
Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br.	Blue False Indigo
Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britt.	Swamp Beggar-Ticks
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.	Tall Gramma
Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory	Wild Hyacinth
Carex alata Torr.	Broad-Winged Sedge
Carex aquatilis Wahlenb.	Water Sedge
Carex cryptolepis [Mackenzie] Mack.	Northeastern Sedge
Carex diandra Schrank	Lesser Panicled Sedge
Carex flava L.	Yellow Sedge
Carex oligosperma Michx.	Few-Seeded Sedge
Carex paupercula Michx.	Bog Sedge
Carex prairea Dewey	Prairie Sedge
Carex schweinitzii [Dewey ex] Schwein.	Schweinitz's Sedge
Carex sterilis Willd.	Atlantic Sedge
Carex tetanica Schkuhr	Wood's Sedge
Carex wiegandii [Mackenzie] Mack.	Wiegand's Sedge
Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small	[Small Sea-Side] Seaside Spurge
Chrysopsis mariana (L.) [Ell.] Elliott	Maryland Golden-Aster
[Cimicifuga americana Michx.	Mountain Bugbane]
Cypripedium reginae [Walt.] Walter	Showy Lady's-Slipper
Digitaria cognatum (Schultes) Pilger	Fall Witch-Grass
Dodecatheon amethystinum (Fassett) Fassett	Jeweled Shooting-Star
Eleocharis intermedia [Schultes] (Muhl.) Schult.	Matted Spike-Rush
Eleocharis robbinsii Oakes	Robbins' Spike-Rush
Ellisia nyctelea L.	Ellisia
Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt.	Harbinger-of-Spring
Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) [Fern.] Fernald	Thin-Leaved Cottongrass
[Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh) Greene] Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton	Grass-Leaved Goldenrod
Fimbristylis annua (All.) [Roemer & Schultes] Roem. & Schult.	Annual Fimbry
Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) A. Gray	Box Huckleberry
Hypericum densiflorum Pursh	Bushy St. John's-Wort
Hypericum majus (A. Gray) [Britt.] Britton	[Larger] Canadian St. John's-Wort
Ilex opaca [Ait.] Aiton	American Holly
[Juncus alpinus Vill.] Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix in Vill. ssp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Hämet-Ahti.	Richardson's Rush
[Juncus balticus Willd.] Juncus arcticus Willd. var. littoralis (Engelm.) Boivin.	Baltic Rush
Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) L. Buch.	Small-Headed Rush
Juncus torreyi Coville	Torrey's Rush
Lathyrus japonicus Willd.	Beach [Peavine] Pea
Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook.	Wild Pea
Linnaea borealis L.	Twinflower
Lobelia dortmanna L.	Water Lobelia
[Lycopodium appressum (Chapman) Lloyd & Underwood	Southern Bog Clubmoss]
Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill	Appressed Bog Clubmoss
Magnolia tripetala (L.) L.	Umbrella Magnolia
Magnolia virginiana L.	[Sweet Bay] Sweetbay Magnolia
Melica nitens [(Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper] Nutt.	Three-Flowered Melic Grass
Minuartia glabra (Michx.) Mattf.	Appalachian Sandwort
Myrica gale L.	[Sweet Bayberry] Sweet-gale
Myriophyllum tenellum Bigelow	Slender Water-Milfoil
Najas gracillima (A. Braun) Magnus	Bushy Naiad
Nymphoides cordata [(Ell.) Fern.] (Elliott) Fernald	Floating-Heart
Oenothera argillicola [Mackenzie] Mack.	Shale-Barren Evening-Primrose
Panicum tuckermanii [Fern. (Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth edition)] Fernald	Tuckerman's Panic-Grass
Phemeranthus teretifolius (Pursh) Raf.	Round-Leaved Fameflower
Platanthera peramoena (A. Gray) A. Gray	Purple Fringeless Orchid
Poa paludigena [Fern. & Wieg.] Fernald & Wiegand	Bog Bluegrass
[Polygonum robustius (Small) Fern.	Robust Smartweed]
Potamogeton confervoides Reichenb.	Tuckerman's Pondweed
Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb.	Red-Head Pondweed
[Potentilla anserina L.	Silverweed]
Ptelea trifoliata L.	[Common Hop-Tree] Hoptree
[Ranunculus longirostre Godr.] Ranunculus longirostris Godron	Eastern White Water-Crowfoot
Ribes triste Pallas	Wild Red Currant
Ruellia strepens L.	Limestone Petunia
Salix candida Flugge ex Willd.	Hoary Willow
Salix serissima (Bailey) [Fern.] Fernald	Autumn Willow
Scirpus pedicellatus [Fern.] Fernald	Stalked [Bullrush] Bulrush
Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd.	Few-Flowered Nutrush
Solidago uliginosa Nutt.	Bog Goldenrod
Spiraea betulifolia Pallas [ssp.] var. corymbosa (Raf.) [Taylor & MacBryde] Maxim.	Dwarf Spiraea
Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) [DC.] DC	[White] Twisted-Stalk
[Talinum teretifolium Pursh	Round-Leaved Fame-Flower]
Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fernald) Nesom	Serpentine Aster
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Nesom var. novi-belgii	New York Aster
Utricularia intermedia [Hayne.] Hayne	Flat-Leaved Bladderwort
[Utricularia minor L.	Lesser Bladderwort]
Viola appalachiensis L. K. Henry	Appalachian Blue Violet
Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel [(Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)]	Appalachian Grass-Fern

§ 45.14. Pennsylvania Rare.

 Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Rare are as follows:

Scientific Name	Common Name
Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer	[Waterhemp] Water-Hemp Ragweed
Andromeda polifolia L.	Bog-Rosemary
Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.	Puttyroot
Baccharis halimifolia L.	Eastern Baccharis
Cakile edentula [(Bigel.)] (Bigelow) Hook.	American Sea-Rocket
Carex disperma Dewey	Soft-Leaved Sedge
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh.	[Slender] Many-Fruited Sedge
Collinsia verna Nutt.	Spring Blue-Eyed Mary
Cyperus engelmannii Steud.	Engelmann's Flatsedge
Cyperus schweinitzii Torr.	Schweinitz's Flatsedge
Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann var. euchlamydeum (Shinners) Pohl	Cloaked Panic Grass
Eleocharis olivacea Torr.	Capitate Spike-Rush
Epilobium strictum Muhl.	Downy Willow-Herb
Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow	Creeping Snowberry
Juncus filiformis L.	Thread Rush
[Juncus gymnocarpus Coville	Coville's Rush]
Ledum groenlandicum Oeder	Common Labrador-Tea
Lupinus perennis L.	Blue Lupine
Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw.	Hartford Fern
[Malaxis bayardii Fern. (Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth edition)	Bayard's Malaxis]
Menziesia pilosa (Michx.) Juss.	Minniebush
Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.	Eastern Prickly-Pear Cactus
Orontium aquaticum L.	Golden Club
[Panicum commonsianum Ashe var. euchlamydeum (Skinners) Pohl (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Cloaked Panic-Grass]
Packera anonyma (A. W. Wood) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve	Appalachian Groundsel
Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes	Flat-Leaved Pondweed
Potamogeton zosteriformis [Fern.] Fernald	Flat-Stemmed Pondweed
Potentilla anserina L.	Silverweed
Prunus pumila L. var pumila	Sand Cherry
Pyrularia pubera Michx.	Buffalo-Nut
Ranunculus micranthus (Gray) Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray	Small-Flowered Crowfoot
Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne	[Tooth-Cup] Toothcup
Sagittaria subulata (L.) L. Buch.	[Subulata Arrow-Head] Subulate Arrowhead
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. littorale (Nash) Gould	Seaside Bluestem
[Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray	River Bullrush]
Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) Strong	River Bulrush
Sedum telephioides Michx.	Allegheny Stonecrop
[Senecio anonymus Wood	Plain Ragwort]
Solidago roanensis Porter	Tennessee Golden-Rod
Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.	Cranefly Orchid
[Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walt.) Vail	Carolina Tassel-Rue]
Trillium nivale Riddell	Snow Trillium
[Utricularia purpurea Walt.	Purple Bladderwort]
Wolffiella gladiata (Hegelm.) Hegelm.	Bog-mat
Xyris montana Ries.	Yellow Eyed Grass
Zizania aquatica L.	Indian Wild Rice

§ 45.15. Pennsylvania Vulnerable.

 Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Vulnerable are as follows:

Scientific Name	Common Name
[Cypripedium pubescens Willd.] Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll	Large Yellow Lady's-Slipper
Hydrastis canadensis L.	[Golden-Seal] Goldenseal
Panax quinquefolius L.	Ginseng

§ 45.21. Tentatively Undetermined.

 Plant species classified as Tentatively Undetermined are as follows:

Scientific Name	Common Name
Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. caulderi Cody	Northern Maidenhair Fern
Agalinis obtusifolia Raf.	False-Foxglove
Aletris farinosa L.	Colic-Root
Ambrosia psilostachya DC.	Naked-Spiked Ambrosia
Amelanchier humilis [Wieg.] Wiegand	Low Serviceberry
Amelanchier obovalis (Michx.) Ashe	Coastal Juneberry
Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC.	Roundleaf [Serviceberry] Juneberry
Andropogon glomeratus [(Walt.) BSP.] (Walter) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Bushy Bluestem
Antennaria solitaria Rydb.	Single-Headed Pussy-Toes
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop.	Western Hairy Rock-Cress
[Aristida curtissii (Gray) Nash] Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii A. Gray	Poverty Grass
Aristida longespica Poir. var. geniculata (Raf.) [Fern.] Fernald	Long-Spike Three-Awned Grass
Aristolochia macrophylla Lam.	Pipevine
[Asclepias variegata L.	White Milkweed
Aster dumosus L.	Bushy Aster
Aster ericoides L.	White Heath Aster
Aster firmus Nees	Firm Aster]
Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.	Brown Sedge
Carex crawfordii [Fern.] Fernald	Crawford's Sedge
Carex haydenii Dewey	Cloud Sedge
Carex limosa L.	Mud Sedge
Carex longii [Mackenzie] Mack.	Long's Sedge
Carex lupuliformis Sartwell [ex Dewey]	False Hop Sedge
Carex meadii Dewey	Mead's Sedge
Carex mesochorea [Mackenzie] Mack.	Midland Sedge
[Cassia marilandica L.	Wild Senna]
Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng.	Scarlet Indian Paintbrush
Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H. O. Yates	[Wild Oat] Wild-Oats
Chenopodium capitatum (L.) [Aschers.] Asch.	Strawberry Goosefoot
[Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartman	Long-Bracted Green Orchid]
Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conrad	Spring Coral-Root
Crataegus brainerdii Sarg.	Brainerd's Hawthorne
Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele	Downy Hawthorne
Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm.	[Button-Bush] Buttonbush Dodder
Cuscuta corylii Engelm.	Hazel Dodder
Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm.	Smartweed Dodder
Cyperus odoratus L.	Rusty Flatsedge
Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy	Thin-Leaved Flatsedge
Cystopteris laurentiana [(Weatherby)] (Weath.) Blasdell	Laurentian Bladder-Fern
Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) [DC.] Kuntze	Tall Tick-Trefoil
Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub.	Nuttall's Tick-Trefoil
Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond	Annulus Panic Grass
Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann	Northern Panic Grass
Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann	Cloaked Panic Grass
Dichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond	Shining Panic Grass
Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann	Long-Haired Panic Grass
Dichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.	Yadkin River Panic Grass
Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.	American Dragonhead
Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fisch. & C. A. Mey	Small [Water-Wort] Waterwort
[Elodea canadensis L. C. Rich.	Broad Waterweed (Male Plants)]
Elymus virginicus L. var. submuticus Hook.	Wild Rye
Epilobium palustre L.	Marsh Willow-Herb
Eupatorium rotundifolium L.	Round-Leaved Thoroughwort
Filipendula rubra (Hill) B. L. [Robins.] Rob.	Queen-of-the-Prairie
Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt.	Yellow Gentian
Gentiana saponaria L.	Soapwort Gentian
Gentiana villosa L.	Striped Gentian
Glyceria acutiflora Torr.	Sharp-Flowered Manna-Grass
[Goodyera tesselata Lodd.	Checkered Rattlesnake-Plantain]
Gratiola aurea Muhl. ex Pursh	Golden Hedge-Hyssop
Gymnocarpium appalachianum [Pryer & Windham (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)] K. M. Pryer & Haufler	Appalachian Oak Fern
[Hedyotis purpurea (L.) Torr. & Gray] Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea	Purple [Bluet] Bluets
Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook) Torr. & A. Gray	Nits-and-Lice
Juncus biflorus Elliott [(Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist,, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)]	Grass-Leaved Rush
Lathyrus palustris L.	Vetchling
Lemna turionifera Landolt [(Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)]	Winter Duckweed
Leucothoe racemosa (L.) A. Gray	Swamp Dog-Hobble
[Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell	New England Gay-Feather
Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. nieuwlandii Lunell	Nieuwland's Gay-Feather]
Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd.	Northern Blazing-Star
Lonicera hirsuta [Eat.] Eaton	Hairy Honeysuckle
Luzula bulbosa (A. W. Wood) Rybd.	[Common] Wood-Rush
[Lysimachia quadriflora Sims.	Four-Flowered Loosestrife]
Lythrum alatum Pursh	Winged Loosestrife
[Malaxis brachypoda (Gray) Fern.	White Adder's Mouth]
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz var. brachypoda (A. Gray) F. Morris & E. A. Eames	White Adder's-Mouth
Meehania cordata (Nutt.) [Britt.] Britton	[Heartleaf] Heart-Leafed Meehania
Muhlenbergia cuspidata [(Nutt.)] (Torr.) Rydb.	Sharp-Pointed Muhly
[Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibthorp & Sm. ssp. pumilum (Timm) E. O. Beal	Yellow Cowlily]
Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald	Small Yellow Pond-Lily
Oenothera pilosella Raf.	Evening-Primrose
Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC.	Sourwood
Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf.	Stiff Cowbane
[Panicum annulum Ashe (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Annulus Panic-Grass
Panicum bicknellii Nash (Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth edition)	Bicknell's Panic-Grass
Panicum boreale Nash (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)	Northern Witchgrass
Panicum commonsianum Ashe var. commonsianum (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Commons' Panic-Grass]
Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve	Prairie Ragwort
Panicum flexile [(Gattinger) Scribn. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)] (Gatt.) Scribn.	Wiry Witchgrass
Panicum longifolium Torr. [(Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)]	[Long-Leaf Panic-Grass] Long-Leaved Panic Grass
[Panicum longiligulatum Nash (Morris Arboretum, 1992, Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Long-Ligule Panic-Grass
Panicum lucidum Ashe (Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth edition)	Shining Panic-Grass
Panicum recognitum Fern. (Morris Arboretum, 1992. Pennsylvania Flora Database)	Fernald's Panic-Grass
Panicum villosissimum Nash (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)	Long-Haired Panic-Grass
Panicum yadkinense Ashe (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)	Yadkin River Panic-Grass]
Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) [Fern.] Fernald var. nuttallii (Small) [Fern.] Fernald	Whitlow Wort
[Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. var. paleacea Fern.	Chaffy Whitlow Wort]
Parthenium intergrifolium L.	American Fever-Few
Paspalum floridanum (Michx.) var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey	Florida Beadgrass
Paspalum laeve (Michx.) var. pilosum Scribn.	Field Beadgrass
Paspalum setaceum Michx.	Slender Beadgrass
Phlox pilosa L.	Downy Phlox
Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene	Lance Fog-Fruit
Physalis virginiana [P.] Mill.	Virginia Ground-Cherry
Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.	Yellow Fringed Orchid
Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex Gray) Lindl.	Hooker's Orchid
[Platanthera peramoena (Gray) Gray	Purple-Fringeless Orchid]
Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass.	Shrubby Camphor-Weed
Poa languida A. [S.] Hitchc.	Drooping Bluegrass
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx.	Riverweed
Polygala polygama [Walt.] Walter	Racemed Milkwort
Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisn.	Eastern Jointweed
Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum (Coleman) Fern.	Stipuled Water-Smartweed
Polygonum ramosissimum Michx.	Bushy Knotweed
Potamogeton filiformis Pers. var. borealis (Raf.) St. John	Slender Pondweed
[Potamogeton illinoensis Morong	Illinois Pondweed]
Potamogeton oakesianus J. W. Robbins	Oakes' Pondweed
Potamogeton perfoliatus L.	Clasping-Stemmed Pondweed
[Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt.] Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr.	Hairy Mountain-Mint
Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With.	White Water-Crowfoot
Ranunculus flammula L.	Lesser Spearwort
[Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)	Northeastern White Water-Crowfoot
Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh.	Gray-Headed Prairie Coneflower]
Rhamnus alnifolia [L'Her] L' Hér	Alder-Leaved Buckthorn
[Rhynchospora globularis (Chapman) Small] Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral	Small Globe Beak-Rush
Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.	Swamp Currant
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser var. palustris (Gleason, H. A. and A Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition)	Yellow Cress
Rosa virginiana P. Mill.	Virginia Rose
[Rubus cuneifolius Pursh	Sand Blackberry]
Rubus setosus Bigelow	Small Bristleberry
Rumex hastatulus [Baldw. ex Ell.] Baldwin ex Elliott	[Heart-Winged] Heart Sorrell
Salix petiolaris Sm.	Meadow Willow
Salvia reflexa Hornem.	Lance-Leaved Sage
Samolus parviflorus Raf. [(Fernald, M. L., Gray's Manual of Botany, 1970, Eighth edition)]	Pineland Pimpernel
Saxifraga micranthidifolia (Haw.) Steud.	Lettuce Saxifrage
Scleria triglomerata Michx.	Whip Nut-Rush
Scutellaria saxatilis Riddell	Rock Skullcap
[Senecio plattensis Nutt.	Prairie Ragwort]
Senna marilandica (L.) Link	Wild Senna
Sisyrinchium albidum Raf.	[Blue-Eyed Grass] Blue-Eyed-Grass
[Solidago purshii Porter	Pursh's Goldenrod]
Solidago rigida L.	Hard-Leaved Goldenrod
Spiranthes tuberosa Raf.	[Little] Slender Ladies'-Tresses
[Spirodela punctata (Mey.) C. H. Thompson	Eastern Water-Flaxseed]
Stachys hyssopifolia Michx.	Hyssop Hedge-Nettle
Stylosanthes biflora (L.) [BSP.] Britton, Stearns & Poggenb.	Pencil-Flower
Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom	Bushy Aster
Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom	White Heath Aster
Taxus canadensis Marsh.	American Yew
[Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.	Ohio Spiderwort]
Trillium flexipes Raf.	Declined Trillium
Triosteum angustifolium L.	[Yellow-Leaved Tinker's-Weed] Horse Gentian
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.	Eastern [Gamma-Grass] Gammagrass
Uvularia [puberula] pudica Michx.	Mountain Bellwort
[Veronica catenata Pennell	Pennell's Speedwell]
Viburnum trilobum [Marsh.] Marshall	[Highbush Cranberry] Highbush-Cranberry
[Viola nephrophylla Greene	Northern Bog Violet]
Viola renifolia A. Gray	Kidney-Leaved [White] Violet
Viola tripartita [Ell.] Elliott	Three-parted Violet
Vitis cinerea [var. baileyana Munson] (Englem. in A. Gray) Englem. ex Millardet var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux	Possum-Grape
Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) Landolt [(Morris Arboretum, 1992, Atlas of the Flora of Pennsylvania)]	Dotted [Water-Meal] Dotted Watermeal
[Zanichellia palustris L.	Horned Pondweed]

[Pa.B. Doc. No. 17-1943. Filed for public inspection November 22, 2017, 9:00 a.m.]

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