THE COURTS
PART I. RULES
[ 237 PA. CODE CHS. 4, 5 AND 6 ]
Proposed New Pa.R.J.C.P. 415 and 518; Proposed Amendment of Rule 620
[47 Pa.B. 942]
[Saturday, February 18, 2017]The Juvenile Court Procedural Rules Committee proposes new Rule 415 and 518, together with the amendment of Rule 620, to provide a procedural mechanism for weight of the evidence claims to be raised before the juvenile court, for the reasons set forth in the accompanying explanatory report. Pursuant to Pa.R.J.A. No. 103(a)(1), the proposal is being republished in the Pennsylvania Bulletin for comments, suggestions, or objections prior to submission to the Supreme Court.
Any reports, notes, or comments in the proposal have been inserted by the Committee for the convenience of those using the rules. They neither will constitute a part of the rules nor will be officially adopted by the Supreme Court.
Additions to the text of the proposal are bolded; deletions to the text are bolded and bracketed.
The Committee invites all interested persons to submit comments, suggestions, or objections in writing to:
Daniel A. Durst, Chief Counsel
Juvenile Court Procedural Rules Committee
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Judicial Center
PO Box 62635
Harrisburg, PA 17106-2635
FAX: 717-231-9541
juvenilerules@pacourts.usAll communications in reference to the proposal should be received by March 20, 2017. E-mail is the preferred method for submitting comments, suggestions, or objections; any e-mailed submission need not be reproduced and resubmitted via mail. The Committee will acknowledge receipt of all submissions.
By the Juvenile Court
Procedural Rules CommitteeKERITH STRANO TAYLOR, Esq.,
Chair
Annex A
TITLE 237. JUVENILE RULES
PART I. RULES
Subpart A. DELINQUENCY MATTERS
CHAPTER 4. ADJUDICATORY HEARING (Editor's Note: The following rule is new and printed in regular type to enhance readability.)
Rule 415. Challenge to the Weight of the Evidence.
A. Timing and Manner. A claim that a ruling of the offense or an adjudication of delinquency was against the weight of the evidence shall be raised with the juvenile court judge:
1) by oral motion, on the record, at any time after the ruling or adjudication and before disposition;
2) by written motion at any time after the ruling or adjudication and before disposition; or
3) in a post-dispositional motion pursuant to Rule 620(A)(1).
B. Decision. If the claim is raised before disposition:
1) the judge shall decide the motion before entering disposition, and shall not extend the date for disposition or otherwise delay the disposition hearing in order to dispose of the motion; and
2) the claim shall be preserved for appeal.
C. Appeal. An appeal of a decision shall be governed by the timing requirements of Rule 620(B)(2) or (3), whichever applies.
Comment The purpose of this rule is to make it clear that a challenge to the weight of the evidence must be raised with the juvenile court judge or it will be waived. See also In re J.B., 106 A.3d 76, 95 (Pa. 2014) (claim cannot be raised via closing argument). When a claim is raised pursuant to paragraph (A)(1) or (A)(2), it need not be raised again in a post-dispositional motion to preserve the claim for appeal.
Official Note: Rule 415 adopted , effective .
Committee Explanatory Reports:
Final Report explaining the adoption of Rule 415 published with the Court's Order at Pa.B. ( ).
CHAPTER 5. DISPOSITIONAL HEARING
PART B. DISPOSITIONAL HEARING AND AIDS (Editor's Note: The following rule is new and printed in regular type to enhance readability.)
Rule 518. Challenge to the Weight of the Evidence.
A claim that a dispositional order was against the weight of the evidence shall be raised with the juvenile court judge in a post-disposition motion pursuant to Rule 620(A)(1).
Comment The purpose of this rule is to make it clear that a challenge to the weight of the evidence must be raised with the juvenile court judge or it will be waived. See also In re J.B., 106 A.3d 76, 95 (Pa. 2014) (claim cannot be raised via closing argument).
Official Note: Rule 518 adopted , effective .
Committee Explanatory Reports:
Final Report explaining the adoption of Rule 518 published with the Court's Order at Pa.B. ( ).
CHAPTER 6. POST-DISPOSITIONAL PROCEDURES
PART C. MOTIONS AND NUNC PRO TUNC RELIEF Rule 620. Post-Dispositional Motions.
A. [Optional] Post-Dispositional Motion.
1) [The parties] A party shall have the right to [make] file a post-dispositional motion. All requests for relief from the court shall be stated with specificity [and particularity,] and shall be consolidated in the post-dispositional motion.
2) [Issues] Claims properly raised before or during [the adjudicatory] a hearing shall be deemed issues preserved for appeal whether or not the party elects to file a post-dispositional motion on those [issues] claims.
3) With the exception of Rule 518, post-dispositional motions are optional.
B. Timing.
1) If a post-dispositional motion is filed, it shall be filed no later than ten days after the [imposition of disposition] date of entry of the dispositional order.
2) If a timely post-dispositional motion is filed, the notice of appeal shall be filed within thirty days of the date of entry of the post-dispositional order:
a) [within thirty days of the entry of the order] deciding the motion;
b) [within thirty days of the entry of the order] denying the motion by operation of law in [cases in which] a case when the judge fails to decide the motion; or
c) [within thirty days of the entry of the order] memorializing the withdrawal in [cases in which] a case when a party withdraws the motion.
3) If a post-dispositional motion is not timely filed, a notice of appeal shall be filed within thirty days of the [imposition of disposition] date of entry of the dispositional order.
C. Court Action.
1) Briefing Schedule and Argument. Within ten days of the filing of the post-dispositional motion, the court shall:
a) determine if briefs, memoranda of law, or oral arguments are required; and
b) set [a] the briefing schedule and dates for oral argument, if necessary.
2) Failure to Set Schedule. If the court fails to act according to paragraph (C)(1), briefs and oral arguments are deemed unnecessary.
3) Transcript. If the grounds asserted in the post-dispositional motion do not require a transcript, neither the briefs nor arguments [on] concerning the post-dispositional motion shall be delayed for transcript preparation.
D. Time [Limits for Decision on] Limitations for Decision of Motion. The judge shall not vacate the disposition pending the decision [on] of the post-dispositional motion, but shall decide the motion as provided in this paragraph.
1) Except as provided in [paragraph (D)(2)] paragraphs (D)(2) and (D)(6), the judge shall decide the post-dispositional motion as soon as possible but within thirty days of the filing of the motion. If the judge fails to decide the motion within thirty days, or to grant an extension as provided in paragraph (D)(2), the motion shall be deemed denied by operation of law.
2) Upon motion of a party [within the 30-day disposition period, for good cause shown, the judge may grant one 30-day extension for decision] and good cause shown, prior to the expiration of the 30-day decision period of paragraph (D)(1), the judge may grant one 30-day extension to rule on the motion. If the judge fails to decide the motion within the 30-day extension period, the motion shall be deemed denied by operation of law.
3) When a post-dispositional motion is denied by operation of law, the clerk of courts shall enter an order on behalf of the court[, and, as provided pursuant]. Pursuant to Rule 167, the clerk of courts shall serve a copy of the order [on] upon each attorney and the juvenile, if unrepresented, that states the post-dispositional motion is deemed denied. This order is not subject to reconsideration.
4) If the judge denies the post-dispositional motion, the judge promptly shall issue an order [and the]. The order shall be filed and served as provided in Rule 167.
5) If a party withdraws a post-dispositional motion, the judge promptly shall issue an order memorializing the withdrawal[, and the]. The order shall be filed and served as provided in Rule 167.
6) A post-dispositional motion pursuant to Rule 518 seeking to challenge whether an out of home placement was against the weight of the evidence shall be decided by the court within the time constraints of Pa.R.A.P. 1770(f) when the issue is raised in a petition for review pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1770.
E. Contents of [order] Order. An order denying a post-dispositional motion, whether issued by the judge pursuant to paragraph (D)(4) or entered by the clerk of courts pursuant to paragraph (D)(3), or an order issued following a party's withdrawal of the post-dispositional motion pursuant to paragraph (D)(5), shall include notice to the party of the following:
1) the right to appeal;
2) the time [limits within which the appeal shall be filed] limitations for filing the appeal; and
3) the right to counsel [in the preparation of the appeal] for the appellate process.
F. [After-discovered evidence] After-Discovered Evidence. A motion for a new [adjudication] adjudicatory hearing on the grounds of after-discovered evidence shall be filed in writing promptly after such discovery. If an appeal is pending, the judge may grant the motion only upon remand of the case.
Comment [The purpose of this rule is to promote the fair and prompt resolution of all issues relating to admissions, adjudication, and disposition by consolidating all possible motions to be submitted for court review, and by setting reasonable but firm time limits within which the motion is to be decided. Because the post-dispositional motion is optional, a party may choose to raise any or all properly preserved issues in the trial court, in the appellate court, or both.
For the definition of ''disposition,'' see Rule 120 and its Comment.
OPTIONAL POST- DISPOSITIONAL MOTION
See In re Brandon Smith, 393 Pa. Super. 39, 573 A.2d 1077 (1990), for motions on ineffective assistance of counsel.
Under paragraph (A)(2), any issue raised before or during adjudication is deemed preserved for appeal whether a party chooses to raise the issue in a post-dispositional motion. It follows that the failure to brief or argue an issue in the post-dispositional motion would not waive that issue on appeal as long as the issue was properly preserved, in the first instance, before or during adjudication. Nothing in this rule, however, is intended to address Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) or the preservation of appellate issues once an appeal is filed. See Commonwealth v. Lord, 553 Pa. 415, 719 A.2d 306 (1998) (any issues not raised in a 1925(b) statement will be deemed waived).
Under paragraph (B)(1), if a party chooses to file a post-dispositional motion, the motion is to be filed within ten days of imposition of disposition. The filing of the written post-dispositional motion triggers the time limits for decision on the motion. See paragraph (D)(1).
TIMING
Paragraph (B) contains the timing requirements for filing the optional post-dispositional motion and taking an appeal. Under paragraph (B)(1), the post-dispositional motion is to be filed within ten days of imposition of disposition. Supplemental motions may be filed but the time requirements of paragraph (B)(1) are to be followed.
When a party files a timely post-dispositional motion, the 30-day period for the juvenile's direct appeal on all matters in that case is triggered by the judge's decision on the post-dispositional motion, the denial of the motion by operation of law, or the withdrawal of the post-dispositional motion. The appeal period runs from the entry of the order. As to the date of entry of orders, see Pa.R.A.P. 108. No direct appeal may be taken by the party while the post-dispositional motion is pending. See paragraph (B)(2).
If no timely post-dispositional motion is filed, the party's appeal period runs from the date disposition is imposed. See paragraph (B)(3).]
For the definition of ''disposition,'' see Rule 120 and its Comment.
When properly raised before or during a hearing, a claim will be deemed preserved for appeal and the party need not file a post-dispositional motion solely for the purpose of preservation. To raise a claim that a decision was against the weight of the evidence, see Rule 415 and Rule 518. Nothing in this rule is intended to address Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) or the possible waiver of appellate issues for non-compliance with the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure once an appeal is filed. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306 (Pa. 1998) (any issues not raised in a 1925(b) statement will be deemed waived).
See Rule 622 and In re Brandon Smith, 573 A.2d 1077 (Pa. Super. 1990), for motions concerning ineffective assistance of counsel.
TIMING
Supplemental post-dispositional motions may be filed, but the time requirements of paragraph (B)(1) are to be followed.
If no timely post-dispositional motion is filed, the party's appeal period commences on the date of the entry of the dispositional order. If a post-dispositional motion is filed, then the time for filing an appeal commences on the date of entry of the post-dispositional order. For the date of entry of an order, see Pa.R.A.P. 108(a)(1) (''[T]he date of entry shall be the day the clerk of courts . . . mails or delivers copies of the order to the parties, . . .'').
BRIEFS; TRANSCRIPTS; ARGUMENT
Under paragraph (C)(1), the judge should determine, on a case-by-case basis, whether briefs, memoranda of law, or arguments are required for a fair resolution of the post-dispositional motion. [If they are not needed, or if] The judge may order that a concise summary of the relevant law and facts is sufficient[, the judge should so order]. Any local [rules] rule requiring briefs or oral argument [are] in every case is inconsistent with this rule. See [Rule 121(E)] Pa.R.J.A. No. 103(d)(2).
Under paragraph (C)(3), the judge, in consultation with the attorneys, should determine what, if any, portions of the notes of testimony are to be transcribed so that the post-dispositional motion can be resolved. The judge should then set clear deadlines for the court reporter to [insure] ensure timely resolution of the motion. Nothing in this rule precludes the judge from ordering the [transcript] transcription of the notes of testimony or portions of it immediately after the conclusion of the adjudicatory, dispositional, or revocation hearing or the entry of an admission.
For the recording and transcribing of court proceedings generally, see Rule 127. The requirements for the record and the writing of an opinion [on] for an appeal are set forth in the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure.
There is no requirement that oral argument be [heard on] held for every post-dispositional motion. When oral argument is [heard on] held concerning the post-dispositional motion, the juvenile need not be present.
DISPOSITION
Under paragraph (D), [once a party makes a timely written post-dispositional motion, the judge retains jurisdiction for the duration of the disposition period. The] the judge may not vacate the order imposing the disposition pending decision [on] of the post-dispositional motion. However, the judge may vacate or change the disposition once there has been a ruling on the motion if the motion was decided within the time limitations of this rule.
Paragraph (D)(2) permits one 30-day extension of the 30-day time [limit, for good cause shown,] limitation upon motion of a party and good cause shown. In most cases, an extension would be requested and granted when new counsel has entered the case. Only a party may request such an extension. The judge may not, sua sponte, extend the time for the decision: a congested court calendar or other judicial delay does not constitute ''good cause'' under this rule.
The possibility of an extension is not intended to suggest that thirty days are required for a decision in most cases. The time [limits] limitations for resolution of the post-dispositional motion are the outer limits. [Easily resolvable] Uncomplicated issues, such as a modification of the disposition or an admission challenge, ordinarily should [ordinarily] be decided in a much shorter time period [of time].
If the judge decides the motion within the time [limits] limitations of this rule, the judge may grant reconsideration on the post-dispositional motion pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 5505 or Pa.R.A.P. 1701(b)(3), but the judge may not vacate the disposition pending reconsideration. The reconsideration period may not be used to extend the timing requirements set forth in paragraph (D) for decision [on] of the post-dispositional motion[: the time limits]. The time limitations imposed by paragraphs (D)(1) and (D)(2) continue to run from the date the post-dispositional motion was originally filed. The judge's reconsideration, therefore, is to be resolved within the 30-day decision period of paragraph (D)(1) or the 30-day extension period of paragraph (D)(2), whichever applies. If a decision on the reconsideration is not reached within the appropriate period, the post-dispositional motion, including any issues raised for reconsideration, will be denied pursuant to paragraph (D)(3).
Under paragraph (D)(1), on the date when the court disposes of the motion, or the date when the motion is denied by operation of law pursuant to paragraph (D)(3), the judgment becomes final for the purposes of appeal. See [Judicial Code,] 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 102, 722, 742, 5105(a), Pa.R.A.P. 341, and Commonwealth v. Bolden, [472 Pa. 602,] 373 A.2d 90 (Pa. 1977). [See Pa.R.A.P. 341.]
An order entered by the clerk of courts under paragraph (D)(3) constitutes a ministerial order and[, as such,] is not subject to reconsideration or modification pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 5505 or Pa.R.A.P. 1701.
If the motion is denied by operation of law, paragraph (D)(3) requires that the clerk of courts enter an order denying the motion on behalf of the court and immediately notify the attorneys, or the juvenile, if unrepresented, that the motion has been denied. This notice is intended to protect the party's right to appeal. The clerk of courts also is to comply with the filing, service, and docket entry requirements of Rule 167.
CONTENTS OF ORDER
Paragraph (E) protects a party's right to appeal by requiring that the judge's order denying the motion, the clerk of courts' order denying the motion by operation of law, or the order entered memorializing a party's withdrawal of a post-dispositional motion, contain a written notice of the party's [appeal] appellate rights. This requirement ensures adequate notice to the party, which is important given the potential time lapse between the notice provided at [disposition] the dispositional hearing and the resolution of the post-dispositional motion. See also Commonwealth v. Miller, 715 A.2d 1203 (Pa. Super. [Ct.] 1998), concerning the contents of the order memorializing the withdrawal of a post-dispositional motion.
When a party withdraws a post-dispositional motion in open court and on the record, the judge should [orally] enter an oral order memorializing the withdrawal [for the record, and]. The judge is to give the party notice of the information required by paragraph (E). See Commonwealth v. Miller, supra.
AFTER-DISCOVERED EVIDENCE
Pursuant to paragraph (G), a motion for a new adjudicatory hearing on the grounds of after-discovered evidence may be filed with the court. If the motion is filed, it is to be in writing after such discovery is made if there is no appeal pending. See Rule 622 for filing a motion for nunc pro tunc relief. If an appeal is pending, the judge may grant the motion only upon remand of the case.
If there is after-discovered evidence concerning the dispositional hearing, a motion for a change in the dispositional order may be filed with the court. The motion may allege a need for a change in the dispositional order pursuant to Rule 610(B). If this motion is made, notice and an opportunity to be heard is to be given to the parties and the victim. See Rule 610(B) and 42 Pa.C.S. § 6353.
MISCELLANEOUS
Under paragraph (A)(1), the grounds for the post-dispositional motion should be stated with [particularity] specificity. Motions alleging insufficient evidence, for example, are to specify [in what way] the reasons why the evidence was insufficient, and motions alleging that the court's findings were against the weight of the evidence are to specify why the findings were against the weight of the evidence.
[Because the post-dispositional motion is optional, the failure to raise an issue with sufficient particularity in the post-dispositional motion will not constitute a waiver of the issue on appeal as long as the issue was preserved before or during adjudication.] Failure to raise a claim with specificity in the post-dispositional motion nonetheless will not constitute a waiver of the issue on appeal if the claim was properly raised. See paragraph (A)(2).
[Issues] Claims properly preserved at the dispositional hearing need not, but may, be raised again in a motion to modify disposition in order to preserve them for appeal. In deciding whether to move to modify the disposition, counsel should carefully [is to] consider whether the record created at the dispositional hearing is adequate for appellate review of the issues, or the issues may be waived. See Commonwealth v. Jarvis, [444 Pa. Super. 295,] 663 A.2d 790 (Pa. Super. 1995). As a general rule, the motion to modify the disposition under paragraph (A)(1) gives the dispositional judge the earliest opportunity to modify the disposition. This procedure does not affect the court's inherent powers to correct an illegal disposition or obvious and patent mistakes in its orders [at] any time before an appeal or upon remand by the appellate court. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Holmes, 933 A.2d 57 (Pa. 2007) (court has inherent power to correct patent and obvious mistakes despite the absence of traditional jurisdiction); Commonwealth v. Jones, [520 Pa. 385,] 554 A.2d 50 (Pa. 1989) (court can, sua sponte, correct an illegal sentence even after the defendant has begun probation or placement) [and]; Commonwealth v. Cole, [437 Pa. 288,] 263 A.2d 339 (Pa. 1970) (inherent power of the court to correct obvious and patent mistakes).
Once a disposition has been modified or reimposed pursuant to a motion to modify the disposition under paragraph (A)(1), a party wishing to challenge the decision on the motion does not have to file an additional motion to modify the disposition in order to preserve an issue for appeal[, as long as] if the issue was properly preserved [at the time] when the disposition was modified or reimposed. See paragraph (B)(2).
Official Note: Rule 520 adopted May 17, 2007, effective August 20, 2007. Amended July 28, 2009, effective immediately. Amended January 11, 2010, effective March 1, 2010. Renumbered Rule 620 on February 23, 2012, effective April 1, 2012. Amended , 2017, effective , 2017.
Committee Explanatory Reports:
Final Report explaining the provisions of Rule 520 published with the Court's Order at 37 Pa.B. 2506 (June 2, 2007).
Final Report explaining the amendment to Rule 520 published with the Court's Order at 39 Pa.B. 4743 (August 8, 2009).
Final Report explaining the renumbering of Rule 520 to 620 published with the Court's Order at 42 Pa.B. 1214 (March 10, 2012).
Final Report explaining the amendments to Rule 620 published with the Court's Order at Pa.B. ( , 2017).
REPORT
Proposed New Pa.R.J.C.P. 415 and 518; Proposed Amendment of Rule 620 The Juvenile Court Procedural Rules Committee proposes new Rule 415 and 518, together with the amendment of Rule 620, to provide a procedural mechanism for weight of the evidence claims to be raised before the juvenile court.
In light of In re J.B., 106 A.3d 76 (Pa. 2014), the Committee considered a procedural rule concerning preservation of the weight of the evidence claims for appeal. In that case, a juvenile was charged with offenses related to the shotgun death of his father's fiancé. At the adjudicatory hearing, there was evidence that the victim's former boyfriend had a history of making threats of violence against her, which might have raised doubt about whether the juvenile committed the offenses. The court entered a finding that the juvenile committed the offenses, excluding the former boyfriend as a suspect. The court thereafter held a dispositional hearing and committed the juvenile to a secure detention facility.
The juvenile filed an appeal, claiming that the finding was against the weight of the evidence. A question before the Supreme Court was whether the juvenile waived the claim by failing to raise it first with the juvenile court. The Court observed that, unlike Pa.R.Crim.P. 607, the Pennsylvania Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure do not contain a provision addressing how or when a weight of the evidence claim should be raised. Moreover, Pa.R.J.C.P. 620 indicates that post-dispositional motions are optional. Ultimately, given the uncertain direction provided by the Rules, the juvenile was permitted to raise the claim in a post-dispositional motion nunc pro tunc.
In response, the Committee prepared a proposal concerning weight of the evidence claims and published it for comment at 45 Pa.B. 1491 (March 28, 2015). The proposal provided for a new Rule 420 to require a weight of the evidence claim to be raised by a motion for reconsideration as it relates to a ruling on the offenses, adjudication of delinquency, or transfer to criminal proceedings.
Post-publication, the Committee further revised the proposal to provide for a new Rule 415 addressing claims that a ruling on the offenses or an adjudication of delinquency was against the weight of the evidence. A new Rule 518 would address those types of claims arising from a dispositional order.
In addition, the text to Rule 620 was revised to reflect the required filing of a post-dispositional motion pursuant to new Rule 518 and that post-dispositional motions were no longer optional in all circumstances. Other revisions, including the modification of the Comment, were primarily stylistic or editorial in nature, but for the addition of paragraph (D)(6).
The intention of Rule 620(D)(6) was to accommodate Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1770, which provides for expedited appellate review of out of home placements in delinquency matters. Pa.R.A.P. 1770(a) requires a petition for review of the out of home placement to be filed with ten days of the placement order. Thereafter, an answer may be filed within ten days of service of the petition. Pa.R.A.P. 1770(d). Moreover, the juvenile court has within five days of service of the petition to either file a statement of the reasons for the placement or indicate in the record where the reasons may be found. Pa.R.A.P. 1770(f).
Guided by need to maintain an expedited review process and consistency with In re J.B., the Committee proposes that Rule 620(D)(6) state:
A post-dispositional motion pursuant to Rule 518 seeking to challenge whether an out of home placement was against the weight of the evidence should be decided by the court within the time constraints of Pa.R.A.P. 1770(f) when the issue is raised in a petition for review pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1770.This approach is not without implication. In this narrow category of cases, one impact may be the virtual elimination of the potential for the prosecution to file an answer to the post-dispositional motion before the juvenile court decides the motion. An alternative would be to subject the Rule 518 motion, albeit narrowed to the issue of whether placement was against the weight of the evidence, to the same time line as all other post-dispositional motions. However, this approach appeared contrary to the expeditious goal of Pa.R.A.P. 1770. Another alternative would be to exclude weight of the evidence claims from the operation of Pa.R.A.P. 1770, but that approach seems to erode the purpose of the rule, which is to expedite review of the out of home placement itself. See Pa.R.A.P. 1770(c)(1). Yet another alternative would be to exclude these types of claim raised in a petition for review from the requirements of Rule 518, but that approach is contrary to In re J.B.
As revised, this proposal is being republished for comment. The Committee invites all comments, concerns, and suggestions regarding this rulemaking proposal.
[Pa.B. Doc. No. 17-273. Filed for public inspection February 17, 2017, 9:00 a.m.]
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