RULES AND REGULATIONS
Title 25--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY BOARD
[25 PA. CODE CHS. 121 AND 129]
Equivalency Determinations and Aerosapce Manufacturing and Rework--VOC Emission Limitations
[29 Pa.B. 1879] The Environmental Quality Board (Board) by this order amends Chapters 121 and 129 (relating to definitions; and standards for sources to read) to read as set forth in Annex A.
The changes to Chapter 121 add definitions of terms used in the substantive sections of Chapter 129. Section 129.51 (relating to general) is being modified to remove the requirement that equivalency determinations be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a State implementation Plan (SIP) amendment. In addition, § 129.73 (relating to aerospace manufacturing and rework) establishes requirements to control volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from areospace manufacturing and rework facilities. This order was adopted by the Board at its meeting of October 20, 1998.
A. Effective Date
These amendments are effective immediately upon publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin as final rulemaking.
B. Contact Persons
For further information, contact Terry Black, Chief, Regulation and Policy Development Section, Division of Air Resource Management, Bureau of Air Quality, 12th Floor, Rachel Carson State Office Building, P. O. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468, (717) 787-4310 or M. Dukes Pepper, Jr., Assistant Director, Bureau of Regulatory Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, 9th Floor, Rachel Carson State Office Building, P. O. Box 8464, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8464, (717) 787-7060.
Persons with a disability may use the AT&T Relay Service by calling (800) 654-5984 (TDD users) or (800) 654-5988 (voice users). This final rulemaking is also available through the Department of Environmental Protection (Department) website (http://www.dep.state.pa.us).
C. Statutory Authority
This action is being taken under the authority of section 5(a)(1) and (13) of the Air Pollution Control Act (act) (35 P. S. §§ 4005(a)(1) and (13)), which grants to the Board the authority to adopt regulations for the prevention, control, reduction and abatement of air pollution.
D. Background and Summary
Section 5(a)(13) of the act specifically authorizes the Board to adopt regulations establishing alternative VOC emission limitations for aerospace coatings and solvents, including extreme performance coatings. These coatings and solvents are required to be used by the United States Department of Defense, the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration or to meet military and aerospace specifications provided that the alternative limitations are authorized by the Clean Air Act.
The aerospace industry includes manufacturing facilities that produce an aerospace vehicle or its components and all facilities that rework or repair these aerospace products. An aerospace vehicle or its components are generally considered to be any fabricated or processed parts, or completed unit of any aircraft including, but not limited to, airplanes, helicopters, missiles, rockets and space vehicles. In addition to manufacturing and rework facilities, some shops may specialize in providing a service, such as chemical milling, rather than actually producing a component or assembly. In addition to these facilities, there are numerous subcontractors that manufacture or rework aerospace vehicles or components.
Aerospace manufacturing facilities range in size from small shops that produce a single aerospace component, such as propellers, to large corporations that produce the entire aircraft. Aerospace rework facilities, however, are usually large facilities that must be able to rework or repair every facet of several modes of large commercial or military aircraft.
The EPA has worked with the aerospace industry to develop control techniques and guidelines related to VOC emissions from aerospace manufacturing and rework operations as well as Maximum Achievable Control Technologies (MACT) to control hazardous air pollutants. These final-form regulations incorporate the substantive provisions of the final guidelines and MACT into the Department's air quality regulations.
The Department worked with the Air Quality Technical Advisory Committee (AQTAC) in the development of these final-form regulations. At its July 23, 1998, meeting, AQTAC recommended adoption of the final-form regulations.
Following final adoption, this regulatory revision will be submitted to the EPA as an amendment to the SIP.
E. Summary of Comments and Responses on the Proposed Rulemaking
The Board received three sets of comments on the regulatory proposal. The following summarizes the major issues and the Board's responses:
Avogadro Environmental Corporation commented that the proposed changes to the definition of ''miscellaneous metal parts'' and to the language of § 129.73(a) result in no applicable VOC limits for aerospace facilities which are not major sources of VOC. The commentator suggested that the regulation require all facilities with emissions in excess of 15 pounds per day or 2.7 pounds per year to comply with the limits in Table II of § 129.73.
The final-form regulations are based on the EPA Control Technique Guideline (CTG) and on the MACT requirements for the aerospace industry. The EPA analysis completed as part of the CTG development determined emission thresholds that are appropriate. The final-form regulations are applicable to these sources. If a facility involved in the manufacture or rework of aerospace vehicles or components has potential VOC emissions of 25 tons per year or more, it is subject to § 129.73. Moreover, if a facility coats or cleans a variety of products in addition to aerospace products, the operations could be subject to other requirements, including the surface coating limitations in § 129.52 (relating to surface coating processes). Facilities which are solely involved in aerospace surface coating operations with the potential to emit less than the applicability thresholds would not be subject to the aerospace coating limitations.
The EPA expressed concerns about the proposal to eliminate SIP approval for equivalency determinations under § 129.51. A fundamental requirement in § 129.51 is that the emissions which result following the implementation of an alternative emission reduction program must be equal to or less than the emissions that would result if the source complied with the applicable emission limitation. Therefore, an alternative emission limitation adopted under § 129.51 must provide for emissions equal to or less than the level contemplated in the emission limitation.
The EPA authorized emissions trading under a Federally enforceable emissions cap as part of Pennsylvania's Title V and Federally enforceable State operating permit program. The revision to § 129.51 extends this authorization to sources of VOC emissions. The EPA will still receive notice of these permit actions. For actions at Title V facilities, the EPA has authority to prevent issuance of the permit under § 127.522 (relating to operating permit application review by the EPA and affected states). For facilities not meeting the Title V thresholds, the EPA has an opportunity to provide comments on the permit under §§ 127.44 and 127.424 (relating to public notice). The Department believes that the permitting process provides the appropriate procedure for EPA input or equivalency determinations.
The EPA suggested changes to the provisions in § 129.51(a)(4) related to capture efficiency testing. The Independent Regulatory Review Commission (IRRC) recommended that revisions be done as a separate rulemaking. Since the Department did not propose changes to this section, the existing language has been retained.
The EPA and IRRC commented that a number of definitions and technical provisions of the CTG are not consistent with the proposed amendments. The final-form regulations have been modified to address these comments. Additional grammatical and numbering changes have also been made. The modifications appear in § 121.1 (relating to definitions) and affect the following terms: ''aircraft transparency,'' ''aqueous cleaning solvent,'' ''chemical milling maskant,'' ''operating parameter valve,'' ''silicone insulation material,'' ''Type I chemical milling maskant,'' ''Type II chemical milling maskant,'' ''waterborne (water-reducible) coating.'' In addition, modifications were made to §§ 129.51(a)(1), 129.73(1)(v)--(vii), (vii), (2)--(7) and (9).
Finally, the EPA suggested that although the Pennsylvania definition of ''VOC'' was not proposed for change, the definition should be revised to make it consistent with the definition in the aerospace CTG and in the MACT standard. The Board did not propose revisions to the definition of ''VOC.'' Therefore, the SIP-approved definition is not changed in the final rulemaking.
F. Summary of Regulatory Requirements
Chapter 121. General Provisions.
The changes to Chapter 121 add definitions of terms used in the substantive provisions of Chapter 129 applicable to standards for VOC sources. The definitions include: ''ablative coating,'' ''adhesion promoter,'' ''adhesion bonding primer,'' ''adhesive primer,'' ''aerosol coating,'' ''aerospace coating operation,'' ''aerospace coating unit,'' ''aerospace primer,'' ''aerospace surface preparation,'' ''aerospace topcoat,'' ''aerospace vehicle or component,'' ''aircraft fluid systems,'' ''aircraft transparency,'' ''antichafe coating,'' ''antique aerospace vehicle or component,'' ''aqueous cleaning solvent,'' ''bonding maskant,'' ''CARC--chemical agent-resistant coating,'' ''chemical milling maskant,'' ''cleaning operation,'' ''cleaning solvent,'' ''closed-cycle depainting system,'' ''commercial exterior aerodynamic structure primer,'' ''commercial interior adhesive,'' ''compatible epoxy primer,'' ''compatible substrate primer,'' ''confined space,'' ''corrosion prevention system,'' ''critical use and line sealer maskant,'' ''cryogenic flexible primer,'' ''cryoprotective coating,'' ''cyanoacrylate adhesive,'' ''electric or radiation-effect coating,'' ''electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic interference (EMI) coating,'' ''elevated temperature skydrol resistant commercial primer,'' ''epoxy polyamide topcoat,'' ''exempt solvent,'' ''fire-resistant (interior) coating,'' ''flexible primer,'' ''flight test coating,'' ''flush cleaning,'' ''fuel tank adhesive,'' ''fuel tank coating,'' ''hand-wipe cleaning operation,'' ''high temperature coating,'' ''insulation covering,'' ''intermediate release coating,'' ''lacquer,'' ''limited access space,'' ''metalized epoxy coating,'' ''mold release,'' ''nonstructural adhesive,'' ''operating parameter value,'' ''optical antireflection coating,'' ''part marking coating,'' ''pretreatment coating,'' ''radome,'' ''rain erosion-resistant coating,'' ''rocket motor bonding adhesive,'' ''rocket motor nozzle coating,'' ''rubber-based adhesive,'' ''scale inhibitor,'' ''screen print ink,'' ''sealant,'' ''seal coat maskant,'' ''self-priming topcoat,'' ''semiaqueous cleaning solvent,'' ''silicone insulation material,'' ''solids,'' ''solid film lubricant,'' ''space vehicle,'' ''specialty coating,'' ''specialized function coating,'' ''spray gun,'' ''structural autoclavable adhesive,'' ''structural nonautoclavable adhesive,'' ''temporary protective coating,'' ''thermal control coating,'' ''touch-up and repair operation,'' ''Type I chemical etchant,'' ''Type I chemical milling maskant,'' ''Type II chemical etchant,'' ''Type II chemical milling maskant,'' ''VOC composite vapor pressure,'' ''waterborne (water-reducible) coating,'' ''wet fastener installation coating'' and ''wing coating.''
In the final rulemaking, the definition of ''aqueous cleaning solvent'' is changed to make it consistent with the aerospace MACT definition. Moreover, the definition of ''silicon insulation material'' is modified by the addition of language to clarify the difference between ablative and silicone insulation materials. Finally, the definitions ''Type I chemical etchant'' and ''Type II chemical etchant'' have been added to make them consistent with the definition in the aerospace MACT.
There are also minor revisions to the definitions of ''aircraft transparency,'' ''chemical milling maskant,'' ''operator parameter valve'' and ''miscellaneous metal parts and products.''
Chapter 129. Standards for Sources
Section 129.51(a)(1), authorizes compliance with Chapter 129 by an alternative method if that method is approved by the Department in an applicable operating permit plan approval, or both. The changes to § 129.51(a)(6) remove the requirement that alternative compliance methods for meeting the VOC requirements contained in §§ 129.52 and 129.54--129.72 be submitted to the EPA as a SIP amendment. The amendment requires the alternative compliance method to be incorporated into a plan approval and operating permit that is subject to EPA review. This will streamline the process for establishing alternative compliance methods.
Section 129.73 (relating to aerospace manufacturing and rework), establishes specific allowable VOC content requirements for aerospace coatings. The regulations are modified to make the applicability thresholds consistent with the CTG developed by the EPA. The regulation is applicable to all sources with the potential to emit 25 tons of VOC per year. The methodology for calculating the VOC content of coatings is provided in § 129.73(4). Paragraph (5) establishes application techniques for applying aerospace coatings, and paragraph (6) establishes exceptions to those coating technique requirements. Paragraph (7) establishes limitations for hand-wipe cleaning of aerospace vehicles or components and paragraph (8) establishes exceptions to the hand-wipe requirements. Paragraphs (9)--(11) establish requirements for cleaning solvent containers, spray gun cleaning and housekeeping. Paragraph (12) authorizes compliance through the use of approved air pollution control equipment. Finally, paragraph (13) establishes the recordkeeping requirements for aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities.
Section 129.73(1) has been revised to move the exemption for touch-up, aerosol and DOT classified coatings, coatings of space vehicles and small volume coatings to paragraph (2) to specify their exemption only from the coating VOC content limits and not the other provisions of the aerospace regulations.
Section 129.73(2) revises the regulation to specify that the exemption for touch-up, aerosol and DOT classified coatings, coatings of space vehicles and small volume coatings is only from the coating VOC content limits and not the other provisions of the aerospace regulations.
Section 129.73(3) has been revised to specify that those specific coatings listed in Table II must meet the allowable VOC limits. All other coatings are subject to the general coating VOC limits. These revisions clarify that the limits in Table II apply to each coating individually.
Section 129.73(5) deletes the proposed provision that related to use of alternative application techniques. Under paragraph (6)(i), the phrase ''any situation that normally requires'' has been inserted to clarify that the exemption for the use of an air brush applies only to those situations defined in the CTG. Paragraph (7)(iii) has been modified to allow the use of hydrocarbon based solvents if the solvent is composed of a mixture of photochemically reactive hydrocarbons and hydrogenated hydrocarbons and has a maximum vapor pressure of 7 millimeters hg at 200 centigrade (7.75 inches water at 650°F) and contains no hazardous air pollutants or ozone depleting compounds. Paragraph (10)(i) inserts the requirement that each inspection be recorded and that the records of the inspections be maintained for at least 2 years. Paragraph (12)(ii) inserts the phrase ''good air pollution control practices that minimize VOC emissions.'' Finally, a number of grammatical and other minor changes have been made to improve the clarity of the regulation.
G. Benefits and Costs
Executive Order 1996-1 requires a cost/benefit analysis of the final-form regulations.
Benefits
Overall, the citizens of this Commonwealth benefit from these changes because they streamline the procedures for implementing the Department's air quality program for establishing equivalencies and implement specific requirements for aerospace manufacturing and rework operations. The aerospace manufacturing and rework industry benefits from the revisions that make the rule consistent with the Federal CTG and MACT standards.
Compliance Costs
These final-form regulations may slightly reduce compliance costs by streamlining the equivalency process. Aerospace requirements should have no effect on the compliance costs.
Compliance Assistance Program
The Department plans to educate and assist the public and regulated community with understanding the newly revised requirements. This will be accomplished through the Department's ongoing regional compliance assistance program.
Paperwork Requirements
The regulatory provisions will reduce paperwork related to complaints and owner investigations.
H. Sunset Review
These final-form regulations will be reviewed in accordance with the Sunset Review schedule published by the Department to determine whether the regulations effectively fulfill the goals for which they were intended.
I. Regulatory Review
Under section 5(a) of the Regulatory Review Act (71 P. S. § 745.5(a)), on August 12, 1997, the Board submitted a copy of the proposed rulemaking to IRRC and the Chairpersons of the Senate and House Environmental Resources and Energy Committees. In compliance with section 5(c) of the Regulatory Review Act, the Board also provided IRRC and the Committees with copies of the comments as well as other documents.
In preparing these final-form regulations, the Board considered the comments received from IRRC and the public. These comments are addressed in the Comment and Response Document and Section E of this Preamble. The Committees did not provide comments on the proposed rulemaking.
These final-form regulations were deemed approved by the Senate and House Environmental Resources and Energy Committees on March 1, 1999. IRRC met on March 11, 1999, and approved the final-form regulations in accordance with section 5.1(e) of the Regulatory Review Act (71 P. S. § 745.51(e)).
J. Findings
The Board finds that:
(1) Public notice of proposed rulemaking was given under sections 201 and 202 of the act of July 31, 1968 (P. L. 769, No. 240) (45 P. S. §§ 1201 and 1202) and the regulations promulgated thereunder in 1 Pa. Code §§ 7.1 and 7.2.
(2) The public comment period was provided as required by law and all comments were considered.
(3) These final-form regulations do not enlarge the purpose of the proposal published at 27 Pa.B. 4325 (August 23, 1997).
(4) These final-form regulations are necessary and appropriate for the administration and enforcement of the authorizing acts identified in Section C of this Preamble and are reasonably necessary to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone.
K. Order
The Board acting under the authorizing statute, orders that:
(a) The regulations of the Department, 25 Pa. Code Chapters 121 and 129, are amended by amending §§ 121.1 and 129.51 and by adding § 129.73 to read as set forth in Annex A, with ellipses referring to the existing text of the regulations.
(b) The Chairperson of the Board shall submit this order and Annex A to the Office of General Counsel and to the Office of Attorney General for review and approval as to legality and form, as required by law.
(c) The Chairperson shall submit this order and Annex A to IRRC and the Senate and House Environmental Resources and Energy Committees as required by the Regulatory Review Act.
(d) The Chairperson of the Board shall certify this order and Annex A and deposit them with Legislative Reference Bureau as required by law.
JAMES M. SEIF,
Chairperson(Editor's Note: For the text of the order of the Independent Regulatory Review Commission relating to this document, see 29 Pa.B. 1682 (March 27, 1999).)
Fiscal Note: Fiscal Note 7-326 remains valid for the final adoption of the subject regulations.
Annex A
TITLE 25. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
PART I. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Subpart C. PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
ARTICLE III. AIR RESOURCES
CHAPTER 121. GENERAL PROVISIONS § 121.1. Definitions.
The definitions in section 3 of the act (35 P. S. § 4003) apply to this article. In addition, the following words and terms, when used in this article, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
* * * * * Ablative coating--A coating that chars when exposed to open flame or extreme temperatures, as would occur during the failure of an engine casing or during aerodynamic heating. The ablative char surface serves as an insulating barrier, protecting adjacent components from the heat or open flame.
* * * * * Adhesion promoter--A very thin coating applied to an aerospace vehicle or component substrate to promote wetting and to form a chemical bond with the subsequently applied material.
Adhesive bonding primer--A primer applied in a thin film to aerospace components for the purpose of corrosion inhibition and increased adhesive bond strength by attachment. There are two categories of adhesive bonding primers:
(i) Primers with a design cure at 250° or below.
(ii) Primers with a design cure above 250°.
Adhesive primer--A coating applied to an aerospace vehicle or component that does one of the following:
(i) Inhibits corrosion and serves as a primer when applied to bare metal or other surfaces prior to adhesive application.
(ii) Is applied to surfaces that can be expected to contain fuel, with the exception of fuel tanks.
Aerosol coating--A coating expelled from a hand-held pressurized, nonrefillable container in a finely divided spray when a valve on the container is depressed.
Aerospace coating operation--An operation using a spray booth, tank or other enclosure of an area, such as a hangar for applying a single type of coating--for example, primer). Using the same spray booth for applying another type of coating--for example, a topcoat--constitutes a separate coating operation for which compliance determinations are performed separately.
Aerospace coating unit--A series of one or more coating applicators and any associated drying area or oven wherein a coating is applied, dried and cured. A coating unit ends at the point where the coating is dried or cured, or prior to a subsequent application of a different coating. It is not necessary to have an associated oven or flashoff area to be included in this definition.
Aerospace primer--The first layer and subsequent layers of identically formulated coating applied to the surface of an aerosapce vehicle or component. Primers are typically used for corrosion prevention, protection from the environment, functional fluid resistance or adhesion of subsequent coatings. The term does not include primers that are defined as specialty coatings.
Aerospace surface preparation--The removal of contaminants from the surface of an aerospace vehicle or component or the activation or reactivation of the surface in preparation for the application of a coating.
Aerospace topcoat--A coating that is applied over a primer on an aerospace vehicle or component for appearance, identification, camouflage or protection. The term does not include topcoats that are defined as specialty coatings.
Aerospace vehicle or component--A fabricated part, processed part, assembly of parts or completed unit, with the exception of electronic components, of any aircraft including, but not limited to, airplanes, helicopters, missiles, rockets and space vehicles.
* * * * * Aircraft fluid systems--Systems that handle hydraulic fluids, fuel, cooling fluids or oils.
Aircraft transparency--An aircraft windshield, canopy, passenger window, lense or another component that is constructed of transparent materials.
* * * * * Antichafe coating--A coating applied to areas of moving aerospace components that may rub during normal operations or installation.
Antique aerospace vehicle or component--An antique aircraft, as defined by 14 CFR Part 45 (relating to identification and registration marking), or components thereof. An antique aerospace vehicle would not routinely be in commercial or military service in the capacity for which it was designed.
* * * * * Aqueous cleaning solvent--A solvent in which water is at least 80% by weight of the solvent. Aqueous cleaning solvents solutions have a flash point greater than 93°C (200°F) (as reported by the manufacturer) and the solution is miscible with water.
* * * * * Bonding maskant--A temporary coating used to protect selected areas of aerospace parts from strong acid or alkaline solutions during processing for bonding.
CARC--chemical agent resistant coating--An exterior topcoat applied to aerospace vehicles or components designed to withstand exposure to chemical warfare agents or the decontaminants used on these agents.
Chemical milling maskant--A coating that is applied directly to aluminum aerospace vehicles or components to protect surface areas when chemically milling the component with a Type II etchant. The term does not include maskants used with Type I etchants, bonding maskants, line sealers and critical use and seal coat maskants. Additionally, maskants that must be used on an individual part or subassembly with a combination of Type II etchants and any of these types of maskants--for example, Type I compatible, bonding, line sealers and critical use and seal coat.
Cleaning operation--Spray-gun, hand-wipe and flush cleaning operations.
Cleaning solvent--A liquid material used for hand-wipe spray gun or flush cleaning. The term includes solutions that contain VOCs.
* * * * * Closed-cycle depainting system--A dust free, automated process that removes a permanent coating in small sections at a time, and maintains a continuous vacuum around the area being depainted to capture emissions.
* * * * * Commercial exterior aerodynamic structure primer--An aerospace vehicle or component primer used on aerodynamic components and structures that protrude from the fuselage, such as wings and attached components, control surfaces, horizontal stabilizers, vertical fins, wing-to-body fairings, antennae and landing gear and doors, for the purpose of extended corrosion protection and enhanced adhesion.
Commercial interior adhesive--Materials used in the bonding of passenger cabin interior components which meet the Federal Aeronautics Administration (FAA) fireworthiness requirements.
* * * * * Compatible epoxy primer--An aerospace vehicle or component primer that is compatible with the filled elastomeric coating and is epoxy based. The compatible substrate primer is an epoxy-polyamide primer used to promote adhesion of elastomeric coatings such as impact-resistant coatings.
Compatible substrate primer--Either compatible epoxy primer or adhesive primer applied to aerospace vehicles or components.
* * * * * Confined space--A space that is the following:
(i) Large enough and so configured that an employe can enter and perform assigned work.
(ii) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit--for example, fuel tanks, fuel vessels and other spaces that have limited means of entry.
(iii) Not suitable for continuous employe occupancy.
* * * * * Corrosion prevention system--A coating system applied to aerospace vehicles or components that provides corrosion protection by displacing water and penetrating mating surfaces, forming a protective barrier between the metal surface and moisture. Coatings containing oils or waxes are excluded from this category.
* * * * * Critical use and line sealer maskant--
(i) a temporary coating applied to aerospace vehicles or components, not covered under other maskant categories, used to protect selected areas of aerospace parts from strong acid or alkaline solutions such as those used in anodizing, plating, chemical milling and processing of magnesium, titanium or high strength steel, high precision aluminum chemical milling of deep cuts and aluminum chemical milling of complex shapes.
(ii) The term includes materials used for repairs or to bridge gaps left by scribing operations--that is, a line sealer.
Cryogenic flexible primer--A primer applied to aerospace vehicles or components designed to provide corrosion resistance, flexibility and adhesion of subsequent coating systems when exposed to loads up to and surpassing the yield point of the substrate at cryogenic temperatures (-275°F and below).
Cryoprotective coating--A coating applied to aerospace vehicles or components that:
(i) Insulates cryogenic or subcooled surfaces to limit propellant boil-off.
(ii) Maintains structural integrity of metallic structures during ascent or reentry.
(iii) Prevents ice formation.
* * * * * Cyanoacrylate adhesive--A fast-setting, single component adhesive that cures at room temperature. The term is also known as ''super glue.''
* * * * * Electric or radiation-effect coating--
(i) A coating or coating system applied to aerospace vehicles or components engineered to interact, through absorption or reflection, with specific regions of the electromagnetic energy spectrum, such as the ultraviolet, visible, infrared or microwave regions.
(ii) Uses include, but are not limited to:
(A) Lightning strike protection.
(B) Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) protection.
(C) Radar avoidance.
(iii) The term excludes coatings that have been designated ''classified'' by the Department of Defense.
Electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic interference (EMI) coating--A coating applied to space vehicles, missiles, aircraft radomes and helicopter blades to disperse static energy or reduce electromagnetic interference.
Elevated temperature skydrol resistant commercial primer--A primer, applied primarily to commercial aircraft (or commercial aircraft adapted for military use), that must withstand immersion in phosphate-ester (PE) hydraulic fluid (skydrol 500B or equivalent) at the elevated temperature of 150°F for 1,000 hours.
* * * * * Epoxy polyamide topcoat--A coating applied to aerospace vehicles or components when harder films are required or in some areas where engraving is accomplished in camouflage colors.
* * * * * Exempt solvent--Specified organic compounds that have been designated by the EPA as having negligible photochemical reactivity and are listed in 40 CFR 51.100 (relating to requirements for preparation, adoption and submittal of implementation plans).
* * * * * Fire-resistant (interior) coating--
(i) For civilian aircraft, fire-resistant interior coatings are used on passenger cabin interior parts that are subject to the Federal Aviation Administration fireworthiness requirements.
(ii) For military aircraft, fire-resistant interior coatings are used on parts that are subject to the flammability requirements of MIL-STD-1630A and MIL-A-87721.
(iii) For space applications, these coatings are used on parts that are subject to the flammability requirements of SE-R-0006 and SSP 30233.
Flexible primer--A primer applied to aerospace vehicles or components that meets flexibility requirements such as those needed for adhesive bond primed fastener heads or on surfaces expected to contain fuel. The flexible coating is required because it provides a compatible, flexible substrate over bonded sheet rubber and rubber-type coatings as well as a flexible bridge between the fasteners, skin and skin-to-skin joints on outer aircraft skins. This flexible bridge allows more topcoat flexibility around fasteners and decreases the chance of the topcoat cracking around the fasteners. The result is better corrosion resistance.
* * * * * Flight test coating--A coating applied to aircraft other than missiles or single-use aircraft prior to flight testing to protect the aircraft from corrosion and to provide required marking during flight test evaluation.
* * * * * Flush cleaning--
(i) Removal of contaminants such as dirt, grease, oil and coatings from an aerospace vehicle or component or coating equipment by passing solvent over, into or through the item being cleaned. The solvent simply may be poured into the item being cleaned and then drained or assisted by air or hydraulic pressure or by pumping.
(ii) The term does not include hand-wipe cleaning operations where wiping, scrubbing, mopping or other hand action is used.
* * * * * Fuel tank adhesive--An adhesive used to bond aerospace vehicle components exposed to fuel and which must be compatible with fuel tank coatings.
Fuel tank coating--A coating applied to aerospace vehicle fuel tank components for the purpose of corrosion or bacterial growth inhibition and to assure sealant adhesion in extreme environmental conditions.
* * * * * Hand-wipe cleaning operation--Removing contaminants such as dirt, grease, oil and coatings from an aerospace vehicle or component by physically rubbing it with a material such as a rag, paper or cotton swab that has been moistened with a cleaning solvent.
* * * * * High temperature coating--An aerospace vehicle or component coating designed to withstand temperatures of more than 350°F.
* * * * * Insulation covering--Material that is applied to foam insulation to protect the insulation from mechanical or environmental damage.
Intermediate release coating--A thin coating applied beneath topcoats on aerospace vehicles or components to assist in removing the topcoat in depainting operations and generally to allow the use of less hazardous depainting methods.
* * * * * Lacquer--A clear or pigmented coating formulated with a nitrocellulose or synthetic resin to dry by evaporation without a chemical reaction. Lacquers are resoluble in their original solvent.
* * * * * Limited access space--Internal surfaces or passages of an aerospace vehicle or component to which coatings cannot be applied without the aid of an airbrush or a spray gun extension for the application of coatings.
* * * * * Metalized epoxy coating--A coating applied to aerospace vehicles or components that contains relatively large quantities of metallic pigmentation for appearance or added protection, or both.
Miscellaneous metal parts and products--Items made of ferrous or nonferrous metals, including, but not limited to, large farm machinery, small farm machinery, small appliances, commercial and industrial machinery, fabricated metal products and items listed under the Standard Industrial Classification Code 3300 through 3900. The term does not include cans, coils, automobiles, light duty trucks, metal furniture, magnet wire, large appliances, aerospace vehicles or components and automobile refinishing and customized top coating of automobiles and trucks, if production since January 1, 1987, has not exceeded 34 vehicles per day.
* * * * * Mold release--A coating applied to an aerospace vehicle or component mold surface to prevent the molded piece from sticking to the mold as it is removed.
* * * * * Nonstructural adhesive--An adhesive applied to aerospace vehicles or components that bonds nonload bearing aerospace components in noncritical applications and is not included in any other specialty adhesive categories.
* * * * * Operating parameter value--A minimum or maximum value established for a control equipment or process parameter that, if achieved by itself or in combination with one or more other operating parameter values, determines whether an owner or operator has complied with an applicable emission limitation.
Optical antireflection coating--A coating, applied to aerospace vehicles or components, with a low reflectance in the infrared and visible wavelength ranges that is used for antireflection on or near optical and laser hardware.
* * * * * Part marking coating--Coating or ink used to make identifying markings on aerospace materials, components and assemblies. These markings may be either permanent or temporary.
* * * * * Pretreatment coating--An organic coating that contains at least 0.5% acids by weight and is applied directly to metal surfaces of aerospace vehicles and components to provide surface etching, corrosion resistance, adhesion and ease of stripping.
* * * * * Radome--The nonmetallic protective housing for aerospace electromagnetic transmitters and receivers--for example, radar, electronic countermeasures.
Rain erosion resistant coating--A coating or coating system used to protect the leading edges of parts such as flaps, stabilizers, radomes and engine inlet nacelles against erosion caused by rain impact during flight.
* * * * * Rocket motor bonding adhesive--An adhesive used in rocket motor bonding applications.
Rocket motor nozzle coating--A catalyzed epoxy coating system used in elevated temperature applications on rocket motor nozzles.
* * * * * Rubber-based adhesive--A quick setting contact cement applied to aeroscape vehicles and components that provides a strong, yet flexible, bond between two mating surfaces that may be of dissimilar materials.
* * * * * Scale inhibitor--A coating that is applied to the surface of an aerospace vehicle component prior to thermal processing to inhibit the formation of scale.
* * * * * Screen print ink--An ink used in screen printing processes during fabrication of decorative laminates and decals for aerospace vehicles and components.
Sealant--
(i) A material used to prevent the intrusion of water, fuel, air or other liquids or solids from certain areas of aerospace vehicles or components.
(ii) There are two categories of sealants:
(A) Extrudable/rollable/brushable sealants.
(B) Sprayable sealants.
Seal coat maskant--A coating applied over a maskant on aerospace vehicles and components to improve abrasion and chemical resistance during production operations.
* * * * * Self-priming topcoat--A topcoat that is applied directly to an uncoated aerospace vehicle or component for purposes of corrosion prevention, environmental protection and functional fluid resistance. More than one layer of identical coating formulation may be applied to the vehicle or component. The coating is not subsequently topcoated with any other product formulation.
Semiaqueous cleaning solvent--A solution in which water is a primary ingredient (>60% by weight of the solvent solution as applied is water).
* * * * * Silicone insulation material--An insulating material applied to exterior metal surfaces of aerospace vehicles for protection from high temperatures caused by atmospheric friction or engine exhaust. These materials differ from ablative coatings in that they are not designed to be purposefully exposed to open flame or extreme heat and charred.
* * * * * Solids--The nonvolatile portion of the coating that after drying makes up the dry film.
Solid film lubricant--A very thin coating, applied to aerospace vehicles or components, consisting of a binder system which contains as its chief pigment material one or more of the following:
(i) Molybdenum.
(ii) Graphite.
(iii) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
(iv) Other solids that act as a dry lubricant between faying surfaces.
* * * * * Space vehicle--A manmade device, either manned or unmanned, designed for operation beyond earth's atmosphere.
(i) The term includes integral equipment, such as models, mock-ups, prototypes, molds, jigs, tooling, hardware jackets and test coupons.
(ii) The term also includes auxiliary equipment associated with test, transport and storage, that through contamination can compromise the space vehicle performance.
Specialty coating--A coating applied to aerospace vehicles or components that, even though it meets the definition of a primer, topcoat or self-priming topcoat, has additional performance criteria beyond those of primers, topcoats and self-priming topcoats for specific applications. These performance criteria may include, but are not limited to, temperature or fire resistance, substrate compatibility, antireflection, temporary protection or marking, sealing, adhesively joining substrates or enhanced corrosion protection.
Specialized function coating--A coating applied to aerospace vehicles or components that fulfills extremely specific engineering requirements that are limited in application and are characterized by low volume usage. This category excludes coatings included in other specialty coating categories.
Spray gun--A device that atomizes a coating or other material and projects the particulates or other material onto a substrate.
* * * * * Structural autoclavable adhesive--An adhesive, cured by heat and pressure in an autoclave, that is used to bond load carrying aerospace components.
Structural nonautoclavable adhesive--An adhesive that is cured under ambient conditions that is used to bond load carrying aerospace components or other critical functions, such as nonstructural bonding in the proximity of engines.
* * * * * Temporary protective coating--A coating applied to provide scratch or corrosion protection during manufacturing, storage or transportation of aerosapce vehicles or components.
(i) The term includes peelable protective coatings and alkaline removable coatings. These materials are not intended to protect against strong acid or alkaline solutions.
(ii) The term does not include coatings that provide protection from acid or alkaline chemical processing.
* * * * * Thermal control coating--A coating formulated with specific thermal conductive or radiative properties to permit temperature control of the aerospace vehicle or component substrate.
* * * * * Touch-up and repair operation--
(i) That portion of the coating operation that is the incidental application of coating used to cover minor imperfections in the coating finish or to achieve complete coverage.
(ii) The term includes out-of-sequence or out-of-cycle coating.
* * * * * Type I chemical etchant--A chemical milling etchant which contains varying amounts of dissolved sulfur but which does not contain amines.
Type I chemical milling maskant--A coating that is applied directly to aluminum aerospace vehicles and components to protect surface areas when chemically milling the aerospace vehicle or component with a Type I etchant.
Type II chemical etchant--A chemical milling etchant that is a strong sodium hydroxide solution containing amines.
Type II chemical milling maskant--A coating that is applied directly to aluminum aerospace vehicles and components to protect surface areas when chemically milling the aerospace vehicle or component with a Type II etchant.
* * * * * VOC composite vapor pressure--The sum of the partial pressures of the compounds defined as VOCs and is determined by the following calculation:
where:
Wi = Weight of the ''i''th VOC compound, grams.
Ww = Weight of water, grams.
We = Weight of non-HAP, non-VOC compound, grams.
MWi = molecular weight of the ''i''th VOC compound, G/G-mole.
MWw = Molecular weight of water, G/G-mole.
MWe = Molecular weight of exempt compound, G/G-mole.
PPc = VOC composite partial pressure at 20°C, MM HG.
VPi = Vapor pressure of the ''i''th VOC compound at 20°C, MM HG.
* * * * * Waterborne (water-reducible) coating--A coating that contains more than 5% water by weight in its volatile fraction, as applied.
* * * * * Wet fastener installation coating--A primer or sealant applied to aerospace vehicles or components by dipping, brushing or daubing on fasteners which are installed before the coating is cured.
* * * * * Wing coating--A corrosion-resistant topcoat applied to aerospace vehicles or components that is resilient enough to withstand the flexing of the wings.
* * * * *
CHAPTER 129. STANDARDS FOR SOURCES
SOURCES OF VOC § 129.51. General.
(a) Equivalency. Compliance with §§ 129.52 and 129.54--129.73 may be achieved by alternative methods if the following exist conditions are not:
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