NOTICES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
General Quarantine Order; Enhanced Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Surveillance, Quarantine Area Requirements
[53 Pa.B. 1697]
[Saturday, March 25, 2023]Recitals
A. Under the authority established in the Domestic Animal Law (3 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2301—2389) and specifically the authority to establish quarantines and general quarantines as set forth at section 2329 of the Domestic Animal Law (3 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2329(a) and 2329(d)), the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (Department) hereby establishes a General Quarantine Order related to Enhanced Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Surveillance, Testing, Disease Reporting Obligations, Movement Controls, and Requirements within the Quarantine Area Encompassed by this General Quarantine Order.
B. The Domestic Animal Law allows, at 3 Pa.C.S.A. § 2329(d), for a General Quarantine Order to be established and enforced for any area or locality within this Commonwealth where a dangerous transmissible disease has been reported or exists, or whenever it is deemed advisable to test or treat any domestic animal upon the reasonable suspicion that it has contracted or been exposed to a dangerous transmissible disease or whenever the testing or treatment of a domestic animal indicates that the domestic animal has been exposed to a dangerous transmissible disease. In addition, a General Quarantine Order may apply to goods, products, facilities, containers, vehicles or materials that may carry a dangerous transmissible disease or be contaminated with a hazardous substance.
C. Avian influenza is an infectious disease of poultry.
D. Avian influenza is designated a ''dangerous transmissible disease'' of animals under the provisions of the Domestic Animal Law (3 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2301—2389), at 3 Pa.C.S.A. § 2321(a)(6).
E. Influenza A viruses, including but not limited to H5 and H7 subtypes, are known to be zoonotic and are considered by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to be of public health concern.
F. The Department has broad authority under the Domestic Animal Law to regulate the keeping and handling of domestic animals, conveyances, containers, goods, products and materials, in interstate and intrastate commerce, in order to exclude, contain or eliminate dangerous transmissible diseases, including surveillance, testing, and prohibiting the shipment or movement of such products. (3 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2327, 2329, 2341—2349 and 2351—2357)
G. Avian Influenza has caused very significant loss in the Pennsylvania poultry industry and the current pathogenic forms of the disease have caused severe wide-spread loss to the poultry industry in states in which it has been detected and confirmed.
H. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 (HPAI) is of particular concern to the entire Pennsylvania poultry industry as it is expected to cause continued wide-spread loss of poultry, severely limit the market for Pennsylvania product, and cause severe economic damage to the poultry industry in Pennsylvania.
I. Avian Influenza, including the current pathogenic strains of HPAI, may be transferred and spread through the movement of poultry, and, their products, their litter, and the movement of unwashed or un-sanitized vehicles, conveyances, containers, goods, products, people, and materials onto and off of premises containing poultry that may have been infected with or exposed to HPAI.
J. HPAI has been found in Pennsylvania in 2022 and a ''General Quarantine Order; Virus Control for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Poultry, Poultry Litter, Conveyances, Feed, Refuse, Containers and Material Standards'' was published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin (52 Pa.B. 2597) (Saturday, April 30, 2022). It became effective on April 30, 2022 and remains in effect. Pursuant to that Order, Infected Zones that extend 3 kilometers from Index Premises and Control Zones that extend 10 kilometers from Index Premises were established to: 1) Identify additional affected premises through diagnostic testing; 2) Enhance zone premises biosecurity requirements, and; 3) Institute movement restrictions in order to control the spread and limit exposure to protect the Commonwealth's poultry industry from this dangerous transmissible disease, until it can be systematically, and carefully mitigated in each such Control Zone.
K. The Live Bird Market Production Flocks and Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks and the Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Network in the Northeastern United States consists of a complex system of production flocks, supplier flocks, dealers and haulers, distributors, a distribution system, livestock auctions and Live Bird Markets. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania producers provide a large portion of the poultry which enters Live Bird Markets in the Northeastern states including the states of Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia.
L. The Quarantine Area created by this ''General Quarantine Order; Enhanced Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Surveillance, Quarantine Area Requirements'' (herein after General Quarantine Order) is established to systematically identify poultry and premises that have been exposed to or infected with Avian Influenza and stop the spread of the dangerous transmissible disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5:N1 Gs/Gd clade 2.3.4.4 within the Live Bird Market Production and Supplier Flock Network.
M. The Quarantine Area created by this General Quarantine Order may be expanded, extended, or moved or a new Quarantine Area created in the future through the issuance of an Addendum hereto and as set forth in this General Quarantine Order.
N. This General Quarantine Order is established to address all highly pathogenic avian influenza strains and particularly identify and mitigate disease threat in the Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Network, and surveille, identify and test Live Bird Market Production Flocks, Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks, individual production flocks, dealers and haulers, distributors, persons within the distribution system, livestock auctions and Live Bird Markets, including those at risk for not reporting or testing sick birds and erroneously assuming virus could be eliminated by selecting for non-clinical birds in affected flocks.
Order
In consideration of the previous recitals, which are incorporated into this Order by reference, the Department hereby establishes a General Quarantine under authority of the Domestic Animal Law, at 3 Pa.C.S.A. § 2329(d), and section 1702 of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 442). The following are the conditions and requirements of this General Quarantine Order:
1. Quarantine Area. The area covered by this General Quarantine Order are the following townships constituting the ''Quarantine Area'' Brecknock, Caernarvon, Clay, Colerain, Earl, East Earl, East Cocalico, Ephrata, Little Britain, Salisbury, Upper Leacock, West Cocalico, and West Earl Townships, Lancaster County and East Nottingham, Honeybrook, Lower Oxford, Upper Oxford, West Fallowfield, West Nantmeal, and West Nottingham Townships, Chester County.
2. The Quarantine Area is also set forth and outlined on the map located on the Department's website at padls.agriculture.pa.gov or direct link at https://padeptag. maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id= a9066a3d68a443a08043766cb84bf4ae. To the extent there is any difference between the area set forth in the map and the area established under paragraph 1. (relating to Quarantine Area) and any Addendums to this General Quarantine Order, the area set forth in paragraph 1. (relating to Quarantine Area) above and the Addendums shall apply.
3. Applicability. The terms of this General Quarantine Order are applicable to the Live Bird Market Production and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Network within the Quarantine Area including Live Bird Market Production Flocks and Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks, individual production and breeder flocks, Dealers and Haulers, distributors, those persons within the distribution system, livestock auctions and Live Bird Markets, and the live or dead poultry, poultry waste, live or unprocessed poultry goods and products, poultry products or by-products, poultry handling equipment, and poultry litter, articles, conveyances, vehicles, containers and materials on or entering onto or leaving any of the above premises within the Quarantine Area.
4. Definitions.
Conveyance or Vehicle. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order and in accordance with the Domestic Animal Law, shall include an automobile, truck, trailer, wagon or other vehicle used in the transportation of live or dead poultry, poultry waste, poultry containers or materials, live or unprocessed goods or products of poultry or other domestic animals or poultry products or by-products upon the highways of this Commonwealth. The same standards established for poultry and conveyances and vehicles shall apply to all other animals on the same premises as poultry.
Containers or Materials. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order shall include, footwear, or other clothing, including biosecurity clothing, any vessel, cage, crate, coop, trailer, wagon, equipment, manure application device or other instrument or object utilized to hold, transport, contain, limit, restrict, restrain, confine or control poultry or apply poultry waste, poultry manure, or live or unprocessed goods, poultry feed or products of poultry, or any combination thereof and material used for litter or bedding for poultry, as well as all equipment utilized to house, hold or contain poultry. The same standards established for poultry containers and materials shall apply to all other animals on the same premises as poultry.
Dealer. A person that buys, receives, sells, exchanges, negotiates or solicits the sale, resale, exchange or transfer of domestic animals or dead domestic animals for the purpose of transfer of ownership or possession to a third party.
Distribution System. Individuals, persons, or businesses such as wholesalers, dealers, distributors, haulers, livestock markets, and live bird sellers (non-slaughter) engaged consistently or intermittently in the transportation or sale of poultry to live bird markets. These are the links between production flocks and live bird markets.
Distributor. Any of the persons, businesses or individuals working within the Live Bird Market Production and Supplier Flock Network distribution system serving the live bird markets, including wholesalers, dealers, haulers, livestock markets and Live Bird Markets.
Domestic Waterfowl. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order any domesticated duck, goose, or swan raised for meat, feather, or egg production purposes, or companionship, of any age, that may contract or harbor Avian Influenza virus.
Hauler. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order, a person responsible for the transportation of domestic animals or dead domestic animals into, within or from this Commonwealth.
Flock. All poultry in the same environment, under the same biosecurity and management programs, or on the same premises.
Live Bird Market. Any person, premises, or business that receives, gathers, or purchases live poultry to be displayed for sale, sold, and slaughtered onsite for a customer, or sold to customers for slaughter or for ritual use.
Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Network. Includes, Live Bird Market Production Flocks and Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks, individual production flocks, dealers, haulers, distributors, those within the distribution system, livestock auctions and Live Bird Markets.
Live Bird Market Production Flock or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock. Any person, including an individual, a production facility, poultry producer, farm or premises that sells, offers for sale, exchanges, deals, barters or otherwise transfers possession of poultry, or poultry goods or products, to a Live Bird Market, a person, individual, business or entity within the Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock Network or to another person, including an individual.
Live or Unprocessed Goods or Products of Poultry or Other Domestic Animals. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order shall include, feed and feed products, eggs, unprocessed dead poultry, including accumulated mortalities from a flock and poultry litter, offal, and waste, as well as, and products produced by poultry or utilizing poultry. This shall include unprocessed goods and products from or for other animals existing on the same premises as the poultry, including cattle, swine, equine, cervid, goats, sheep and other domestic animals and the waste, offal and goods and products, including milk and other agricultural products, produced thereby and the feed and feed products for such animals or feed and feed products produced on the farm for export off the farm.
Livestock Market. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order, a business where producers, dealers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers meet to purchase, trade, exchange, barter or sell live poultry.
Poultry. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order, poultry shall include, chickens, domestic waterfowl, turkeys, pigeons, doves, pheasants, grouse, partridges, quail, guinea fowl, pea fowl, gallinaceous birds, and ratites, of any age, that may contract or harbor Avian Influenza virus whether living or dead.
5. Surveillance and Detection. The Department, under authority of section 2327 of the Domestic Animal Law (3 Pa.C.S.A. § 2327) will conduct surveillance and testing of all Live Bird Market Production Flocks and Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks in the Quarantine Area. Testing will include and will be carried out as set forth in paragraph 6 of this General Quarantine Order. Live Bird Markets, dealers, haulers, distributors, livestock markets and all those in the distribution system are also subject to such surveillance and testing.
6. Required Testing. This General Quarantine Order and this paragraph in particular are intended to provide reasonable notice of proposed testing by the Department within the Quarantine Area. All Live Bird Market Production Flocks and Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks in the Quarantine Area and all live or dead poultry, live or unprocessed poultry goods and products, poultry products or by-products, poultry waste, poultry litter, poultry or poultry goods and products handling equipment and articles, conveyances, vehicles, containers, and materials on or entering onto or leaving a Live Bird Market Production Flock premises or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock premises within the Quarantine Area shall be subject to testing under this General Quarantine Order. Live Bird Markets, dealers, haulers, distributors, livestock markets and all those in the distribution system dealing with or having business or contact with Live Bird Market Production Flocks or Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks in the Quarantine Areas are also subject to such testing. The testing shall be carried out in the following manner:
a. Access—As set forth in section 2327(c) of the Domestic Animal Law it shall be unlawful for any person to impede, hinder or interfere with the testing of a domestic animal or to refuse to confine a domestic animal so as to allow testing without undue burden on the official conducting the test or to fail to present the domestic animals for testing the department after reasonable notice of the proposed testing has been given and it shall be unlawful for any person with knowledge that a domestic animal is infected with or has been exposed to a dangerous transmissible disease to conceal or attempt to conceal such domestic animal or knowledge of such a domestic animal from the department (3 Pa.C.S.A. § 2327(c)).
b. All Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock owners within the Quarantine Area and all Live Bird Market Production Flock and Live Bird Market Supplier Flock owners epidemiologically linked to a known detected premises for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, whether or not their premises exists within the Quarantine Area shall allow access to their premises and poultry flocks for the purposes of diagnostic sampling and testing for avian influenza by the Department.
c. Testing must consist of a representative sample of all existing poultry, as defined in this General Quarantine Order, on the premise and shall consist of oropharyngeal or tracheal swabs of 30 birds per house, submitted in 3 pools of 10 swabs in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and for all existing domestic waterfowl, as defined in this General Quarantine Order, 35 cloacal swabs per house in 7 pools of 5 in BHI broth. If fewer than 30 or 35 as listed above exist on the premises or in a given house, submit all existing on premises or in house. Recent mortalities must be tested and submitted in a pool(s) labeled as ''dead'' and submitted separate and apart from swab pools for live bird samples.
d. Testing and sampling on each premises will continue at a frequency and duration set by the Department. Flocks shall not be sampled more frequently than once every 72 hours and shall be sampled at a minimum, each week for 3 consecutive weeks and until all premises subject to this General Quarantine Order have no detections for Avian Influenza, and premises with non-negative results have depopulated all poultry, completed all disposal, cleaning and initial virus elimination, as directed by the Department, and a minimum of 14 days has elapsed with no additional detections for Avian Influenza in the Quarantine Area and the Quarantine Area has been released, in writing, by the Department.
e. For purposes of this General Quarantine Order the Department will only accept sampling performed by and samples taken and submitted for testing by a state or federal animal health official, licensed class II accredited veterinarian or a department authorized, certified poultry technician. Samples taken by, submitted for testing by, or sampling performed by any other person, unless approved in advance in writing by the Department, will not be accepted and may not be utilized to meet the testing requirements of this General Quarantine Order.
f. A person authorized to sample poultry under this General Quarantine Order shall not be permitted to sample additional premises for 72 hours after being on a premises where the poultry displayed clinical signs consistent with Avian Influenza or where the poultry on the premises have been reported as non-negative at a NAHLN Laboratory or positive for Avian Influenza by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL), Ames, Iowa. If a person authorized to sample poultry under this General Quarantine Order receives a report of sick poultry on a premises, they shall not enter the premises and must call (717) 772-2852 and press option 1 to speak to a veterinarian on call. A state or federal animal health official will sample the poultry on their behalf.
g. Non-Negative results on any test will require:
(i) The posting of a Special Order of Quarantine on the premises with revocation only after successful completion of steps under the oversight and guidance of a Department representative as defined and laid out in the Order of Special Quarantine and a written flock plan.
(ii) Immediate depopulation of all poultry species on the premises under the guidance and oversight of a Department representative. Partial depopulation will not be permitted as stamping out approach is the only proven strategy known to eliminate HPAI.
(iii) Disposal of mortalities, litter, exposed feed, and articles that may harbor HPAI under the guidance and oversight of a Department representative. If composting is chosen as means of disposal the build and all phases and temperature parameters must be evaluated by a Department assigned subject matter expert.
(iv) Completion of an epidemiological survey questionnaire administered by the Department.
(v) Completion of a Department approved biosecurity plan.
(vi) Exterior and interior cleaning and disinfection with inspection under the guidance and oversight of a Department representative.
(vii) A 120 day stocking prohibition under extended quarantine or, if applicable, pass environmental sampling with negative PCR or virus isolation results on all samples post cleaning and disinfection, abide by Order of Special Quarantine until released by the Department, and after release follow written parameters of a flock plan and restocking agreement or forfeit any future indemnity payments
h. Movement—No poultry, live or dead poultry, live or unprocessed poultry goods and products, poultry litter, poultry or poultry goods and products handling equipment and articles, conveyances, vehicles, containers and materials shall move onto, within, from or out of Quarantine Area or off of or onto a Live Bird Market Production Flock premises or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock premises unless they have been properly tested in accordance with the testing standards and requirements established in this General Quarantine Order and set forth on the Department's website at padls.agriculture.pa.gov or at direct link padls.agriculture.pa.gov/InnerPages/HPAI.html, which is incorporated into this General Quarantine Order by reference, as if fully set forth herein, and found to be negative for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5/H7. Any person without access to the internet or the Department's website may call the Department at (717) 772-2852 and request a copy of the Testing requirements.
7. Requirements of ''General Quarantine Order; Virus Control for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Poultry, Poultry Litter, Conveyances, Feed, Refuse, Containers and Material Standards''. All requirements set forth in the Department's General Quarantine Order ''General Quarantine Order; Virus Control for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Poultry, Poultry Litter, Conveyances, Feed, Refuse, Containers and Material Standards'' (52 Pa.B. 2597) (Saturday, April 30, 2022) shall also continue to apply to all Live Bird Market Production Flocks and Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks and premises within the Quarantine Area established by this General Quarantine Order.
8. Standards for Conveyances, Vehicles, Containers and Materials. In addition to the requirements established in this General Quarantine Order, including the permitting requirements of the ''General Quarantine Order; Virus Control for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Poultry, Poultry Litter, Conveyances, Feed, Refuse, Containers and Material Standards'' (52 Pa.B. 2597) (Saturday, April 30, 2022) referenced in paragraph 7, any conveyance, vehicle, container or material shall meet the standards established in the Department's ''Interstate and General Quarantine Order; Virus Control for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Vehicle, Container and Material Standards'' (45 Pa.B. 4930, Saturday, August 22, 2015).
9. Required Reporting and Prohibitions.
a. All Live Bird Market Production Flock or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock owners shall immediately report any previous disease and any full or partial flock self-depopulations, upticks in mortalities or clinical signs suggestive of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza or any significant changes associated with Poultry health or production monitoring records to the Department by calling 717-772-2852 option 1.
b. All Livestock Market owners, Live Bird Market owners, distributors, dealers and haulers and their agents as well as any person within the distribution system, as defined in this General Quarantine Order are required to report clinical signs suspicious of HPAI as well as any attempted unpermitted movement and sales from Live Bird Market Production Flocks or Live Bird Market Supplier Flocks from within the Quarantine Area to the Department by calling 717-772-2852 option 1.
c. Distributors, Dealer/Haulers and their agents, feed distributors, manure haulers, and any company or grower service personnel, or maintenance personnel are prohibited from any of the following:
(i) Entrance onto any Live Bird Market Production Flock or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock premises within the Quarantine Area without first assuring the premises owner has obtained a written permit from the Department allowing such access. Entrance onto an unpermitted Live Bird Market Production Flock or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock premises shall be a violation of this General Quarantine Order and subject the violator to all penalties allowed under the Domestic Animal Law.
(ii) Removing crates, conveyances, coops, feed, live or dead poultry or poultry goods and products handling equipment, or structures purchased or loaned traded for, bartered, or swapped from any premises subject to this General Quarantine Order without first obtaining a written permit from the Department for their movement.
(iii) Accepting, hauling, loading, removing, or transporting any sick or ill poultry from any Live Bird Market Production Flock or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock premises that has had mortality loss or has done full or partial self-depopulation. If this occurs or becomes known the distributor, dealer, hauler, agent, feed distributor, manure hauler, service or maintenance personnel or other person shall report such findings immediately to the Department by calling 717-772-2852 option 1 and shall immediately halt their route and visit no other premises until advisement can be made.
(iv) Accepting, hauling, loading, removing, or transporting and dead poultry, poultry offal or litter or manure or any unprocessed poultry good or product from a Live Bird Market Production Flock or Live Bird Market Supplier Flock premises within the Quarantine Area without a written permit from the Department.
10. Required Housing and Management Changes. Effective immediately and until this order is rescinded all premises subject to this General Quarantine Order shall:
a. Maintain separate housing for poultry apart from domestic waterfowl with a minimum separation of 30 feet between the groups and wear dedicated clothing and footwear when handling and caring for each separate group.
b. Maintain, house, and rear all poultry indoors, where indoor facilities are available on the premises, and allow no access to wild species of waterfowl. All poultry subject to this General Quarantine Order shall be confined to a premises in a pen, cage or some other means that prevents them from moving off the premises.
c. Manure, liquid or solid waste and litter from production houses of any type shall be held in place or dry stacked and may not be land applied, spread or buried.
d. Embryonated and hatching eggs must be incubated on source premises, unless their movement from the premises is allowed under a Department issued written permit and with a Department approved biosecurity plan to a premises with a Department issued written permit and Department approved biosecurity plan that is set up to sanitize, identify and segregate input eggs and hatchlings from all sources to avoid all potential cross contamination.
11. Prohibition on All Poultry Shows and Exhibitions. There shall be no poultry shows or exhibitions within the Quarantine Area.
12. Entrance On Premises. Pursuant to the authority at section 2328 of the Domestic Animal Law (3 Pa.C.S.A. § 2328) the Department, ''In the performance of its duties required by this chapter. . .may at any time enter any premises or stop and detain any vehicle or conveyance. If entry shall be refused or delayed by any person, the department's employee or agent may. . .declare before a court of competent jurisdiction that the employee or agent has reason to believe that domestic animals or articles. . .on such premises carry a dangerous transmissible disease, [or] have been exposed to a dangerous transmissible disease. . .and shall further declare that permission to enter and to investigate has been refused or delayed to the department. Upon review of such declaration, the court of jurisdiction may issue a search warrant for such premises. . .It shall be unlawful for any person to refuse or delay admission to any premises to any officer, agent or employee of the department provided with a search warrant issued pursuant to this section. The department shall take appropriate biosecurity and safety measures to ensure that it does not allow dangerous transmissible disease. . .to spread as the result of its entry upon any premises or conveyance.''
13. Violations. As established at section 2329(f) of the Domestic Animal Law (3 Pa.C.S.A. § 2329(f)(1), (2)(7) and (8)), It shall be unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, lease, lend, exchange, give away, transfer, remove or allow to be removed any animals or animal products, goods, materials, containers, conveyances or other articles that are the subject of a general or special quarantine order under this section without first obtaining the written permission of the department to do so. It shall be unlawful for any person to allow a domestic animal that is the subject of a general or special quarantine order under this section to stray beyond the quarantined premises, area, or locality. It shall be unlawful for any person to impede, hinder or interfere with the department entering upon premises or elsewhere in the performance of duties imposed by this subchapter. It shall be unlawful for any person to violate any provision of a quarantine order issued under this section.
14. Penalties. Any person violating any provision of this General Quarantine Order shall be subject to such penalties, including criminal and civil penalties and other civil remedies such as injunctive relief, as are allowed under the authority of the Domestic Animal Law.
15. This General Quarantine Order shall not be construed as limiting the Department's authority to establish additional quarantine or testing requirements on imported poultry and/or poultry products.
16. This General Quarantine Order does not replace, supplant, rescind, amend, or affect any existing order which establishes testing, permitting, or movement restrictions associated around an index premises for HPAI including infected zones, control zones, or surveillance zones.
17. This General Quarantine Order shall be effective upon actual service or constructive notice, such as, publication in a newspaper of common circulation in the areas affected or publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.
RUSSELL C. REDDING,
Secretary
[Pa.B. Doc. No. 23-405. Filed for public inspection March 24, 2023, 9:00 a.m.]
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