RULES AND REGULATIONS
Title 17—CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
[17 PA. CODE CH. 45]
Conservation of Pennsylvania Native Wild Plants
[53 Pa.B. 5892]
[Saturday, September 23, 2023]
The Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (Department), under the authority of section 7(c) of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (WRCA) (32 P.S. § 5307(c)) and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (CNRA) (71 P.S. §§ 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)), amends Chapter 45 (relating to conservation of Pennsylvania native wild plants) as set forth in Annex A.
Purpose
The purpose of this final-form rulemaking is to amend Chapter 45 by updating Pennsylvania native wild plant species classification lists, including certain scientific names, common names and reference sources. (32 P.S. § 5307(c) and 71 P.S. §§ 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Discussion
The WRCA (32 P.S. §§ 5301—5314), inter alia, established a procedure for protection of wild flora/plants in this Commonwealth, including imposing powers and duties on the Department of Environmental Resources to investigate, classify and provide for the conservation of Pennsylvania wild plant populations.
The CNRA (71 P.S. §§ 1340.101—1340.1103), which, inter alia, created the Department under section 301 of the CNRA (71 P.S. § 1340.301) and under section 501 of the CNRA (71 P.S. § 1340.501) renamed the Department of Environmental Resources as the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), provided that the Department shall exercise the powers and duties conferred upon the Department of Environmental Resources by section 305(a)(9) of the WRCA, including issuing and modifying regulations under section 313(g) of the WRCA.
The Department amends the conservation of Pennsylvania native wild plants regulations to update the following Pennsylvania native wild plant species classification lists, including updating certain scientific names, common names and reference sources: Pennsylvania Extirpated (§ 45.11), Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12), Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13), Pennsylvania Rare (§ 45.14) and Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21). The updates to the Pennsylvania native wild plant species classification lists include the following: (1) adding plant species to a classification list that are currently unclassified, (2) reclassifying plant species already on a classification list to a new classification and (3) removing plant species from the classification lists altogether (declassifying them).
This final-form rulemaking includes a total of 82 substantive changes to the conservation of Pennsylvania native wild plant regulation species classification lists as follows: (1) 24 currently unclassified native wild plant species will be newly classified, (2) 28 currently classified native wild plant species will be reclassified, including 3 species whose scientific names are changing/being updated (technically these are shown as the ''old'' name being unclassified and the ''new'' name being classified) and (3) 30 currently classified native wild plant species will be unclassified.
The amendments to the Pennsylvania native wild plant species classification lists include updates to the scientific names for three native wild plant species and the common name for one native wild plant species. As botanical taxonomists make new discoveries about species, the Department's standard reference, Ann Fowler Rhoads and Timothy A. Block, The Plants of Pennsylvania: An Illustrated Manual Second Edition (2007), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press (The Plants of Pennsylvania), may not include the most up-to-date nomenclature. In this final-form rulemaking, when the new name is not found in the standard reference, the alternate source is provided in parentheses.
Process of classifying native wild plants in this Commonwealth
Native wild plant species are those plant species that existed in this Commonwealth prior to European settlement. There are approximately 2,800 native wild plant species that currently exist or formerly existed in this Commonwealth. The Department classifies approximately 1/5 of these species because they are a conservation concern. The other 4/5 of these species are considered secure and thus not classified.
The Department begins the process of classifying native wild plants by collecting and analyzing data on native wild plant species in this Commonwealth. The Department uses the following data to make its classification decisions: numbers of populations known in this Commonwealth; number of individuals within populations; the plant's range (within the United States and within this Commonwealth); threats such as pests, invasive species and habitat loss; decrease or increase in population numbers; and taxonomic information. (Note, this list is not exhaustive.) The Department analyzes this data to determine the population, distribution, habitat needs, limiting factors and other biological and ecological information about each plant species.
To make classification decisions, the Department uses data referred to as ''State ranks.'' In this Commonwealth, each plant species receives a State rank from the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (Program). The Program assigns these ranks based on a methodology created by NatureServe, an international network of natural heritage programs. The purpose of NatureServe's methodology is to bring consistency to the biodiversity conservation efforts of individuals and organizations throughout the Western Hemisphere. This methodology is used across North America, Central America and South America. By using this standard tool, the Department ensures its evaluation methods are, at a minimum, equivalent to those of other states and countries in the western hemisphere and that its classification decisions are based on sound science.
Throughout this process, the Department also receives data, information and recommendations from the Pennsylvania Biological Survey's Vascular Plant Technical Committee (Committee). The Committee is composed of professional botanists working throughout this Commonwealth in academic, consulting, governmental and conservation organizations. Each year, the Committee makes classification recommendations for native wild plants based on the research and expertise of its professional botanists.
The Department assimilates and reviews all data and recommendations it collects and receives and determines the appropriate classifications for each native wild plant species under the definitions in Chapter 45. This review process occurs continuously, as botanists are continually learning more about native wild plant species populations and threats. The Department will continue to update its classification lists as needed to reflect changes to native wild plant conservation needs.
Native wild plant classifications
How plants are classified determines the ''management measures necessary for their continued ability to sustain themselves successfully.'' (32 P.S. § 5307(a)). Native wild plant species that are at risk of extinction in this Commonwealth need greater protection than those less susceptible to that risk. Chapter 45 designates the level of risk facing Pennsylvania's native wild plant species by classifying them as follows:
Pennsylvania Extirpated (§ 45.11)—A classification of plant species believed to be extinct in this Commonwealth. If a plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated is later found to exist in this Commonwealth, it will automatically be considered classified as Pennsylvania Endangered.
Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12)—A classification of plant species that are in danger of extinction throughout most or all of their natural range in this Commonwealth, if critical habitat is not maintained or if the species is greatly exploited by man. This classification also includes populations of plant species that have been classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated, but are subsequently found to exist in this Commonwealth.
Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13)—A classification of plant species that may become endangered throughout most or all of their natural range in this Commonwealth, if critical habitat is not maintained to prevent their further decline, or if the species is greatly exploited by man.
Pennsylvania Rare (§ 45.14)—A classification of plant species that are uncommon in this Commonwealth because they have low population numbers, or are only found in restricted geographic areas.
Pennsylvania Vulnerable (§ 45.15)—A classification of plant species that are in danger of population decline in this Commonwealth because of their beauty, economic value, use as a cultivar or other factors which indicate that persons may seek to remove these species from their native habitats.
Special Concern Population (§ 45.20)—A classification of plant species that the Department has determined to be a unique occurrence deserving protection. Among the factors used to classify a plant species as a Special Concern Population are the existence of unusual geographic locations, unisexual populations or extraordinarily diverse plant populations.
Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21)—A classification of plant species that are in danger of population decline, but do not meet the criteria for any other classification due to taxonomic uncertainties, limited historical records or insufficient data.
Updating species nomenclature
This final-form rulemaking updates the scientific and common names of certain native wild plant species to conform to the Department's taxonomic source material. The Department's reference source for the nomenclature used to identify species taxonomy in Chapter 45 is The Plants of Pennsylvania. When the species name is not found there, the reference source will be provided in parentheses. Additionally, this final-form rulemaking corrects minor grammatical errors and misspellings of species names.
Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory
The amendments will be incorporated into the Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI). PNDI is a database that maintains the Department's list of native wild plant classifications, as well as native rare wildlife classifications from the Game Commission, the Fish and Boat Commission and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. PNDI provides the most current, reliable and objective scientific information about ecological resources in this Commonwealth and it is used to help inform environmental decisions in this Commonwealth. Most notably, DEP uses PNDI to inform its environmental permitting decisions.
The overwhelming majority of PNDI users use PNDI as part of the process of obtaining a DEP permit. DEP requires permit applicants to screen their land use projects through PNDI for potential impacts to threatened or endangered species to receive a DEP permit. Threatened and endangered plant species are thereby protected by DEP's permitting process.
Although this final-form rulemaking will result in updates to the plant data in PNDI, it will not affect DEP's permitting process. The process of obtaining a DEP permit is beyond the scope of this final-form rulemaking; instead, PNDI's connection to this final-form rulemaking is limited to its use of the plant data that will result from the amendments made by this final-form rulemaking. A person, business, small business or organization will not be required to invest in any additional administrative procedures as a direct result of this final-form rulemaking.
Finally, because this final-form rulemaking removes more species from classifications than it adds, there may be fewer classified plant species for prospective DEP permit applicants to account for when applying for a DEP permit. Depending on the project type, location and classified plant species in question, prospective DEP permit applicants may see no change in the amount of mitigation required to address impacts to threatened and endangered species in fulfilling permit requirements.
The proposed rulemaking was published at 52 Pa.B. 5476 (August 27, 2022). The public comment period closed on September 26, 2022. The Department received no public comments or comments from the Independent Regulatory Review Commission (IRRC). On October 26, 2022, IRRC advised the Department that IRRC has reviewed the proposed regulation and has no objections, comments or recommendations regarding the same. IRRC also advised that if the Department delivers this final-form rulemaking without revisions, and the Committees do not take any action, the final-form rulemaking will be deemed approved.
Summary of this Final-form Rulemaking
Section 45.11 (relating to Pennsylvania Extirpated) is amended to update the Pennsylvania Extirpated native wild plant species classification list, including scientific and common names, as follows.
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are added to the Pennsylvania Extirpated native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Acalypha deamii (Weath.) Ahles | Two-Seeded Copperleaf |
| Cuscuta coryli Engelm. | Hazel Dodder |
| Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. | Retrorse Flatsedge |
| Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Broad-Leaved Beardgrass |
| Utricularia subulata L. | Slender Bladderwort |
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are deleted from the Pennsylvania Extirpated native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Carex alopecoidea Tuckerman | Foxtail Sedge |
| Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene | Sea-Shore Salt-Grass |
| Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & A. Gray | Clasping-Leaved St. John's-Wort |
| Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woods. | Carolina Milkvine |
| Myrica heterophylla Raf. | Evergreen Bayberry |
Section 45.12 (relating to Pennsylvania Endangered) is amended to update the Pennsylvania Endangered native wild plant species classification list, including scientific and common names, as follows.
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are added to the Pennsylvania Endangered native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Aletris farinosa L. | Colic-Root |
| Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. E. Robins. | Great Indian Plantain |
| Asplenium bradleyi D. C. Eaton | Bradley's Spleenwort |
| Astragalus canadensis L. | Canadian Milk-Vetch |
| Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britton | Swamp Beggar-Ticks |
| Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory | Wild Hyacinth |
| Carex lupuliformis Sartwell | False Hop Sedge |
| Carex roanensis F. J. Herm (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Roan Mountain Sedge |
| Carex schweinitzii Schwein. | Schweinitz's Sedge |
| Carex sterilis Willd. | Sterile Sedge |
| Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad | Spring Coral-Root |
| Cypripedium reginae Walter | Showy Lady's-Slipper |
| Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Blue Ash |
| Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) A. Gray | Box Huckleberry |
| Gratiola aurea Muhl. ex Pursh | Golden Hedge-Hyssop |
| Hierochloe hirta (Schrank) Borbás (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Common Northern Sweet Grass |
| Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & A. Gray | Clasping-Leaved St. John's-Wort |
| Lysimachia hybrida Michx. | Lance-Leaved Loosestrife |
| Lythrum alatum Pursh | Winged Loosestrife |
| Marshallia pulchra W. M. Knapp, D. B. Poind. & Weakley (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Beautiful Barbara's Buttons |
| Salix candida Flüggé ex Willd. | Hoary Willow |
| Spiraea corymbosa Rafinesque (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Dwarf Spiraea |
| Trifolium stoloniferum Eaton (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Running Buffalo Clover |
| Viola glaberrima (Ging.) House (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Wedge-Leaved Violet |
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are deleted from the Pennsylvania Endangered native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Carex collinsii Nutt. | Collins' Sedge |
| Carex gravida Bailey | Heavy Sedge |
| Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. | Short-Pointed Flatsedge |
| Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. | Retrorse Flatsedge |
| Desmodium humifusum (Muhl.) Beck | Trailing Tick-Trefoil |
| Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg | Obovate Beakgrain |
| Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch. | Small-Floating Mannagrass |
| Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Broad-Leaved Beardgrass |
| Juncus longii Fern. | Long's Rush |
| Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & F. E. Boynton | Large-flowered Marshallia |
| Passiflora lutea L. | Passion-Flower |
| Thalictrum coriaceum (Britton) Small | Thick-Leaved Meadow-Rue |
| Vitis novae-angliae Fernald | New England Grape |
Section 45.13 (relating to Pennsylvania Threatened) is amended to update the Pennsylvania Threatened native wild plants classification list, including scientific and common names, as follows.
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are added to the Pennsylvania Threatened native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach | Small White-Snakeroot |
| Arabis patens Sull. | Spreading Rockcress |
| Asclepias verticillata L. | Whorled Milkweed |
| Bromus kalmii A. Gray | Kalm's Brome |
| Carex collinsii Nutt. | Collins' Sedge |
| Carex longii Mack. | Long's Sedge |
| Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. | Eastern Paintbrush |
| Galium latifolium Michx. | Purple Bedstraw |
| Passiflora lutea L. | Passion-Flower |
| Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. | Yellow Fringed-Orchid |
| Ranunculus ambigens S. Watson | Water-Plantain Spearwort |
| Solidago roanensis Porter | Mountain Goldenrod |
| Stellaria borealis Bigelow | Northern Stitchwort |
| Thalictrum coriaceum (Britton) Small | Thick-Leaved Meadow-Rue |
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are deleted from the Pennsylvania Threatened native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Actaea podocarpa DC | American Bugbane |
| Asplenium bradleyi D. C. Eaton | Bradley's Spleenwort |
| Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britt. | Swamp Beggar-Ticks |
| Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory | Wild Hyacinth |
| Carex paupercula Michx. | Bog Sedge |
| Carex schweinitzii Schwein. | Schweinitz's Sedge |
| Carex sterilis Willd. | Atlantic Sedge |
| Cypripedium reginae Walter | Showy Lady's-Slipper |
| Digitaria cognatum (Schultes) Pilger | Fall Witch-Grass |
| Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) A. Gray | Box Huckleberry |
| Salix candida Flüggé ex Willd. | Hoary Willow |
| Spiraea betulifolia Pallas var. corymbosa (Raf.) Maxim. | Dwarf Spiraea |
Section 45.14 (relating to Pennsylvania Rare) is amended to update the Pennsylvania Rare native wild plant species classification list, including scientific and common names, as follows.
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are added to the Pennsylvania Rare native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Actaea podocarpa DC | Mountain Bugbane |
| Andropogon gyrans Ashe | Elliott's Beardgrass |
| Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. | Lobed Spleenwort |
| Bartonia paniculata ssp. paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. | Screw-Stem |
| Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. | Brown Sedge |
| Carex paupercula Michx. | Bog Sedge |
| Erythronium albidum Nutt. | White Trout-Lily |
| Juncus biflorus Elliott | Grass-Leaved Rush |
| Lorinseria areolata (Linnaeus) C. Presl. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Netted Chain Fern |
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are deleted from the Pennsylvania Rare native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. | Puttyroot |
| Baccharis halimifolia L. | Eastern Baccharis |
| Collinsia verna Nutt. | Spring Blue-Eyed Mary |
| Eleocharis olivacea Torr. | Capitate Spike-Rush |
| Solidago roanensis Porter | Tennessee Golden-Rod |
| Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. | Cranefly Orchid |
Section 45.21 (relating to Pennsylvania Tentatively Undetermined) is amended to update the Pennsylvania Tentatively Undetermined native wild plant species classification list, including scientific and common names, as follows.
The following Pennsylvania native wild plant species are deleted from the Pennsylvania Tentatively Undetermined native wild plant species classification list:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. caulderi Cody | Northern Maidenhair Fern |
| Aletris farinosa L. | Colic-Root |
| Ambrosia psilostachya DC. | Naked-Spiked Ambrosia |
| Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. | Brown Sedge |
| Carex longii Mack. | Long's Sedge |
| Carex lupuliformis Sartwell | False Hop Sedge |
| Carex mesochorea Mack. | Midland Sedge |
| Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. | Scarlet Indian Paintbrush |
| Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conrad | Spring Coral-Root |
| Cuscuta corylii Engelm. | Hazel Dodder |
| Cyperus odoratus L. | Rusty Flatsedge |
| Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fisch. & C. A. Mey | Small Waterwort |
| Elymus virginicus L. var. submuticus Hook. | Wild Rye |
| Gratiola aurea Muhl. ex Pursh | Golden Hedge-Hyssop |
| Juncus biflorus Elliott | Grass-Leaved Rush |
| Lythrum alatum Pursh | Winged Loosestrife |
| Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. | Sourwood |
| Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. | Yellow Fringed Orchid |
| Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser var. palustris (Gleason, H. A. and Cronquist, A., Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) | Yellow Cress |
| Salix petiolaris Sm. | Meadow Willow |
| Salvia reflexa Hornem. | Lance-Leaved Sage |
| Viola tripartita Elliott | Three-parted Violet |
Summaries of the changes to the lists of classified plants, including very brief descriptions and reasons for the changes, follow. Additional detailed information on reasons for the changes can be found in the Department's Native Wild Plant Species Accounts (2022) on the Department's Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants web site (click on ''2022 Plant Species Accounts'' or copy and paste the following URL: http://elibrary.dcnr.pa.gov/GetDocument? docId=3709763&DocName=Native%20Wild%20Plant %20Species%20Accounts%202021.pdf).
Newly Classified Plant Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Previous
Status | New
Status | Habitat/Identification | Reason for Change |
|---|
| Acalypha deamii (Weath.) Ahles | Two-Seeded Copperleaf | N | PX | moist woods or riparian woods; flowers and fruits late summer—fall | only one population was known and not observed since 1900s
(0 populations) |
| Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach | Small-Leaved White-Snakeroot | N | PT | dry wood, poor soils, sandy open areas, serpentine soils; blooms August—October | population decline, specialized habitat
(7 populations) |
| Andropogon gyrans Ashe | Elliott's Beardgrass | N | PR | dry or moist fields, open woods; blooms September—October | limited, geographic distribution, threats to existing populations (32 populations) |
| Arabis patens Sull. | Spreading Rockcress | N | PT | moist, rocky woods; flowers April—July | globally vulnerable, population declines, sensitive habitat
(10 populations) |
| Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. E. Robins. | Great Indian Plantain | N | PE | wet woods and floodplains, seepage woodlands; flowers June—September | population decline, extreme rarity
(1 population) |
| Asclepias verticillata L. | Whorled Milkweed | N | PT | dry rocky, sandy soils or barrens; flowers July—August | population declines, sensitive and limited habitat
(10 populations) |
| Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. | Lobed Spleenwort | N | PR | crevices of dry, lightly shaded cliffs of non-calcareous rocks | population declines, habitat fragmentation (27 populations) |
| Astragalus canadensis L. | Canadian Milk-vetch | N | PE | limestone soils and open rocky or shale-rich areas and barrens; flowers late June—early August | population declines, invasive species; limestone habitats tend to be at risk
(7 populations) |
| Bartonia paniculata ssp. paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. | Screw-Stem | N | PR | bogs and edges of peaty wetlands; flowers August—October | small number of individuals in populations, limited to boggy open wetlands; but tolerates some disturbed habitat
(63 populations) |
| Bromus kalmii A. Gray | Kalm's Brome | N | PT | rocky wooded slopes and dry to moist, woods; flowers June—July | population decline; succession, invasive plants and habitat loss (12 populations) |
| Carex roanensis F. J. Herm (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Roan Mountain Sedge | N | PE | rich, moist woods, often dominated by beech trees; fruits in early summer | globally-rare species, very few and small populations, recently found in Pennsylvania (4 populations) |
| Erythronium albidum Nutt. | White Trout-Lily | N | PR | rich wooded slopes and floodplains on calcareous soil; flowers late April | population declines, small population sizes, geographically limited; threatened by invasive plants and habitat loss (48 populations) |
| Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Blue Ash | N | PE | moist to dry calcareous woodlands and forests | extreme rarity; threatened by forest pest emerald ash borer (1 population) |
| Galium latifolium Michx. | Purple Bedstraw | N | PT | woods, rocky slopes and roadsides; flowers June—July | populations have few individuals making it more vulnerable to disturbance
(23 populations) |
| Hierochloe hirta (Schrank) Borbás (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Common Northern Sweet Grass | N | PE | fens, wet meadows, pastures and marsh edges; flowers April—August | extreme rarity, habitat threatened by invasive species, and fen and wetland impacts
(4 populations) |
| Lorinseria areolata (Linnaeus) C. Presl. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Netted Chain Fern | N | PR | moist or wet woods and acidic bogs | found in low numbers in Pennsylvania, in a restricted geographic distribution, limited by habitat
(37 populations) |
| Lysimachia hybrida Michx. | Lance-Leaved Loosestrife | N | PE | swamps, wet meadows, fens and pond margins; flowers June—August | small populations, habitat loss and impacts to temporary ponds (5 populations) |
| Marshallia pulchra W. M. Knapp, D. B. Poind. & Weakley (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Beautiful Barbara's Buttons | N | PE | high-energy river scour habitat; flowers mid-June—mid-July | all populations of Marshallia grandiflora were redetermined to be Marshallia pulchra, extremely limited habitat
(16 populations) |
| Ranunculus ambigens S. Watson | Water-Plantain Spearwort | N | PT | low wet ground, swamps, and muddy ditches; flowers May through August | population declines, small populations; threatened by deer pressure, changes in hydrology and invasive plants (10 populations) |
| Spiraea corymbosa Rafinesque (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Dwarf Spiraea | N | PE | rocky, wooded slopes; flowers June | population decline due to loss of habitat; name change from Spiraea betulifolia Pallas var. corymbosa (Raf.) Maxim. to Spiraea corymbosa Raf.
(4 populations) |
| Stellaria borealis Bigelow | Northern Stitchwort | N | PT | slopes with springs, sphagnous swamps and stream banks; flowers May—August | population decline due to habitat loss, contracting habitat range (20 populations) |
| Trifolium stoloniferum Eaton (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Running Buffalo Clover | N | PE | dry upland woodlands and prairies in southwest Pennsylvania; flowers | Federally-listed species recently discovered in Pennsylvania, very few populations and globally rare plant
(5 populations) |
| Utricularia subulata L. | Slender Bladderwort | N | PX | open wet, mucky or sandy soil; flowers June—August | known only from one herbarium specimen from 1900s, but surveys have not relocated it
(0 populations) |
| Viola glaberrima (Gingins) H. House (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Wedge-Leaved Violet | N | PE | rich, moist forests on lower slopes and bottomlands; flowers late April—May | extremely rare; populations of Viola glaberrima were previously attributed to Viola tripartita
(2 populations) |
Key: N: Currently Unclassified; PX: § 45.11 Pennsylvania Extirpated; PE: § 45.12 Pennsylvania Endangered; PT: § 45.13 Pennsylvania Threatened; PR: § 45.14 Pennsylvania Rare; PV: § 45.15 Pennsylvania Vulnerable; TU: § 45.21 Tentatively Undetermined
Currently Classified Plants Reclassified
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Previous
Status | New
Status | Habitat/Identification | Reason for Change |
|---|
| Actaea podocarpa DC | Mountain Bugbane | PT | PR | rich, wet woody slopes and coves; flowers in August | more populations than previously thought, but still uncommon and geographically limited (50 populations) |
| Aletris farinosa L. | Colic-Root | TU | PE | moist clearings in southeastern Pennsylvania; flowers May—July | multiple threats to habitat, population decline, very few sites remaining with small population sizes
(3 populations) |
Asplenium bradleyi
D. C. Eaton | Bradley's Spleenwort | PT | PE | crevices of dry, shaded acidic rock outcrops | population declines, habitat loss or degradation
(6 populations) |
| Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britton | Swamp Beggar-Ticks | PT | PE | muddy tidal areas; flowers September—October | globally uncommon, limited to special habitat, population decline (9 populations) |
| Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory | Wild Hyacinth | PT | PE | moist woods; flowers April—May | extremely rare, habitat subject to conversion and invasive species
(4 populations) |
| Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. | Brown Sedge | TU | PR | calcareous wet areas including grasslands, meadows, swales, and wet woods; fruits in summer | relatively few populations and found in a restricted geographic range, habitat fragmentation (22 populations) |
| Carex collinsii Nutt. | Collins' Sedge | PE | PT | acidic swamps and boggy woods; fruits in summer | more populations than previously thought, but still limited by habitat availability
(18 populations) |
| Carex longii Mack. | Long's Sedge | TU | PT | wet, sandy soils in swamps, thickets and meadows; fruits in summer | population declines, invasion, herbivory, habitat loss
(15 populations) |
| Carex lupuliformis Sartwell | False Hop Sedge | TU | PE | vernal pools and other wet areas on calcareous substrates; fruits in summer | population declines, invasive plants, succession, impact to wetlands
(11 populations) |
| Carex paupercula Michx. | Bog Sedge | PT | PR | sphagnum bogs and boggy woods; fruits in summer | more populations than previously thought but still restricted by geographic range
(45 populations) |
| Carex schweinitzii Schwein. | Schweinitz's Sedge | PT | PE | calcareous marshes and stream banks; fruits in summer | globally-uncommon species, very few populations, range constricted, specialized habitat (6 populations) |
| Carex sterilis Willd. | Sterile Sedge | PT | PE | calcareous swamps and fens; fruits in summer | steep population decline, small population sizes. Changing common name from Atlantic Sedge to Sterile Sedge (8 populations) |
| Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. | Eastern Paintbrush | TU | PT | parasitic on the roots of other plants; moist meadows, on limestone and diabase; flowers April—June | population declines, limited by limestone or diabase soils
(15 populations) |
| Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad | Spring Coral-Root | TU | PE | rocky, wooded slopes on limestone and diabase; flowers April—June | population decline, small population sizes, orchid species vulnerable to collection (5 populations) |
| Cuscuta coryli Engelm. | Hazel Dodder | TU | PX | dry rocky woods, clearings and hillsides where it is parasitic on various shrubs and herbs; flowers June—September, fruits July—October | last observed in 1950s, field surveys failed to relocate. Also correcting minor spelling mistake (changing to ''coryli'')
(0 populations) |
| Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. | Retrorse Flatsedge | PE | PX | dry, open, sandy areas and ballast; flowers and fruits mid-summer to early fall | not observed in 50 years after surveys; habitat destroyed
(0 populations) |
| Cypripedium reginae Walter | Showy Lady's-Slipper | PT | PE | fens and swamps; flowers May—June | population decline; threatened by impacts to wetland habitat, deer herbivory and poaching
(7 populations) |
| Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) A. Gray | Box Huckleberry | PT | PE | well-drained open woods; flowers May, fruits August | globally-rare, slow growing and low germination rates, extreme rarity
(3 populations) |
Gratiola aurea
Muhl. ex Pursh | Golden Hedge-Hyssop | TU | PE | moist or wet soils along streams or ponds; flowers July—August | population declines, extreme rarity
(3 populations) |
| Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Broad-Leaved Beardgrass | PE | PX | serpentine barrens; flowers July—early October | one historic location was known, now destroyed, not observed elsewhere
(0 populations) |
Hypericum gymnanthum
Engelm. & A. Gray | Clasping-Leaved St. John's-Wort | PX | PE | muddy, wet areas; flowers July—September | globally uncommon species; thought to be extirpated but rediscovered
(1 population) |
| Juncus biflorus Elliott | Grass-Leaved Rush | TU | PR | moist, open woods, boggy fields, gravel pits and ditches; flowers and fruits in summer | uncommon, with geographic limitations; populations have small numbers of individuals that are more vulnerable to disturbance
(39 populations) |
| Lythrum alatum Pursh | Winged Loosestrife | TU | PE | swamps, wet meadows, marshy shores, and ditches; flowers early July—September | severe population declines, wetland habitat is threatened by degradation and invasive plants, extremely rare
(1 population) |
| Passiflora lutea L. | Passion-Flower | PE | PT | moist stream bank thickets; flowers July | more populations recently observed, still uncommon Statewide and small populations (20 populations) |
| Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. | Yellow Fringed-Orchid | TU | PT | bogs, moist meadows and woods; flowers July—August | population declines, small variable populations; requires wetland soil but can tolerate some disturbance
(32 populations) |
| Salix candida Flüggé ex Willd. | Hoary Willow | PT | PE | wet meadows and fens on calcareous soils | extreme rarity; limited by habitat, population decline (2 populations) |
| Solidago roanensis Porter | Mountain Goldenrod | PR | PT | rocky banks, roadsides, woods and edges; flowers August—September | population decline, range constricted
(10 populations) |
| Thalictrum coriaceum (Britton) Small | Thick-Leaved Meadow-Rue | PE | PT | rich, rocky woods, thickets and moist alluvium; blooms late May—June | more populations discovered, but still uncommon, limited by habitat availability
(21 populations) |
Key: PX: § 45.11 Pennsylvania Extirpated; PE: § 45.12 Pennsylvania Endangered; PT: § 45.13 Pennsylvania Threatened; PR: § 45.14 Pennsylvania Rare; PV: § 45.15 Pennsylvania Vulnerable; TU: § 45.21 Tentatively Undetermined
Classified Plant Species Declassified
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Previous
Status | New
Status | Habitat/Identification | Reason for Change |
|---|
| Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. caulderi Cody | Northern Maidenhair Fern | TU | DC | rich, deciduous woodland; incorrectly thought to inhabit serpentine barrens | not found in Pennsylvania
(0 populations) |
| Ambrosia psilostachya DC. | Naked-Spiked Ambrosia | TU | DC | sandy shores or meadows; blooms August—October | not native to Pennsylvania |
| Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. | Puttyroot | PR | DC | moist, rich, wooded slopes and bottomlands; blooms May—August | more common than previously thought, may not be limited by habitat (at least
64 populations) |
| Baccharis halimifolia L. | Eastern Baccharis | PR | DC | native open sandy areas, marshes and beaches but adventive along roadsides where de-icing salt is used; flowers August—October | expanding habitat, utilizes roadsides influenced by de-icing salts, highly mobile species (abundant) |
| Carex alopecoidea Tuckerman | Foxtail Sedge | PX | DC | wet soils and meadows, streambanks and openings in streamside woods, particularly on calcareous soils; fruits in July | not found in Pennsylvania
(0 populations) |
| Carex gravida Bailey | Heavy Sedge | PE | DC | prairies and other open areas usually on calcareous soils; fruits in summer | not found in Pennsylvania
(0 populations) |
| Carex mesochorea Mack. | Midland Sedge | TU | DC | dry, open woods, fields, and roadsides; fruits in summer | more populations of this species have been found; common and not a conservation concern (abundant) |
| Collinsia verna Nutt. | Spring Blue-Eyed Mary | PR | DC | woods and scrubby areas near streams; flowers late April—May | more populations than thought, large numbers of individuals in populations; secure and not a conservation concern (at least
50 populations) |
| Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. | Short-Pointed Flatsedge | PE | DC | wet, sandy, disturbed ground; flowers and fruits mid-summer to early fall | not native to Pennsylvania |
| Cyperus odoratus L. | Rusty Flatsedge | TU | DC | moist meadows, wet sandy or gravelly flats, and riverbanks; flowers and fruits mid-summer to early fall | grows in disturbed habitat, expanding its range; more common than previously thought and not a conservation concern (abundant) |
| Desmodium humifusum (Muhl.) Beck | Trailing Tick-Trefoil | PE | DC | dry sandy woods; flowers August—September | hybrid of two common species, not a conservation concern |
| Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg | Obovate Beakgrain | PE | DC | rich woods | more common than previously thought with large populations, expanding range, not limited by habitat (abundant) |
| Digitaria cognatum (Schultes) Pilger | Fall Witch-Grass | PT | DC | sandy, moist soils; flowers July—early October | able to use disturbed areas, not limited by habitat, not in decline (abundant) |
| Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene | Sea-Shore Salt-Grass | PX | DC | waste grounds and ballast; flowers August—October | not native to Pennsylvania |
| Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fisch. & C. A. Mey | Small Waterwort | TU | DC | shorelines of ponds, lakes and impoundments; flowers July—August | more frequent and widespread than had previously been thought; not limited by habitat (abundant) |
| Eleocharis olivacea Torr. | Capitate Spike-Rush | PR | DC | bogs and wetlands with sandy-peaty soil; flower/fruits mid to late summer | more widespread and frequent than previously thought (at least 40 populations) |
| Elymus virginicus L. var. submuticus Hook. | Wild Rye | TU | DC | moist soils of open forests, thickets, grasslands, ditches, and disturbed ground; flowers June—August | not native to Pennsylvania |
| Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch. | Small-Floating Mannagrass | PE | DC | shallow lakes and streams; flowers in July | more common than previously thought, not limited by habitat quality (at least
19 populations) |
| Juncus longii Fern. | Long's Rush | PE | DC | habitat attributed to this species was early successional seepages with exposed soils, but not found in Pennsylvania | not found in Pennsylvania; specimens of this species found to be another species
(0 populations) |
| Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & F. E. Boynton | Large-Flowered Marshallia | PE | DC | habitat uncertain but possibly borders of swamps; flowers June—August in North Carolina | not found in Pennsylvania; all populations of Marshallia grandiflora were redetermined to be Marshallia pulchra (0 populations) |
| Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woods. | Carolina Milkvine | PX | DC | habitat previously attributed to this species was moist woods, thickets, river banks, ditches and fence rows; flowers June and July | not native and does not occur in Pennsylvania (0 populations) |
| Myrica heterophylla Raf. | Evergreen Bayberry | PX | DC | habitat previously attributed to this species was swamps and moist, low ground on the coastal plain; flowers April or May | does not occur in Pennsylvania
(0 populations) |
| Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC | Sourwood | TU | DC | dry woods and along slopes; blooms in August | more common than previously thought, able to utilize disturbed habitat, expanding range (at least 31 populations) |
| Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser var. palustris (Gleason, H. A. and A Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) | Yellow Cress | TU | DC | wet shores and low open ground; flowers May—September | common and not in need of conservation (abundant) |
| Salix petiolaris Sm. | Meadow Willow | TU | DC | meadows and swales; flowers just before leaves emerge | more common than previously thought (at least 32 populations) |
| Salvia reflexa Hornem. | Lance-Leaved Sage | TU | DC | stream banks, old fields, roadsides, cinders, and quarry waste; flowers June—September | not native to Pennsylvania |
| Spiraea betulifolia Pallas var. corymbosa (Raf.) Maxim. | Dwarf Spiraea | PT | DC | rocky, wooded slopes; flowers June | name changed to Spiraea corymbosa Rafinesque |
| Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. | Cranefly Orchid | PR | DC | deciduous forests and stream banks in southeast Pennsylvania; flowers July—August | more common than previously thought (at least 83 populations) |
| Viola tripartita Elliot | Three-Parted Violet | TU | DC | moist slopes and bottomland especially over calcareous substrate in southern Pennsylvania; flowers late March—May | not found in Pennsylvania, populations previously attributed to this species are Viola glaberrima
(0 populations) |
| Vitis novae-angliae Fernald | New England Grape | PE | DC | in moist mountain woods, ravines and roadside thickets; flowers May; fruits August through November | found to be a sterile hybrid of two common species, and is a hybrid without conservation value (abundant) |
Key: DC: Declassified; PX: § 45.11 Pennsylvania Extirpated; PE: § 45.12 Pennsylvania Endangered; PT: § 45.13 Pennsylvania Threatened; PR: § 45.14 Pennsylvania Rare; PV: § 45.15 Pennsylvania Vulnerable; TU: § 45.21 Tentatively Undetermined
Plant Species Name Changes/Updates
The names of the following native wild plant species are changed/updated:
Spiraea betulifolia Pallas var. corymbosa (Raf.) Maxim. is deleted from Pennsylvania Threatened (§ 45.13) classification and Spiraea corymbosa Rafinesque (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) is added to Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12) classification. Spiraea corymbosa is the accepted taxonomy for this species and the appropriate classification is Pennsylvania Endangered.
Marshallia grandiflora Beadle & F. E. Boynton is deleted from Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12) classification and Marshallia pulchra W. M. Knapp, D. B. Poind. & Weakley (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) is added to Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12) classification. The correct name for this species is Marshallia pulchra and the correct classification is Pennsylvania Endangered.
Viola tripartita Elliot is deleted from Tentatively Undetermined (§ 45.21) classification and Viola glaberrima (Ging.) House (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) is added to Pennsylvania Endangered (§ 45.12) classification. The correct name for these plants is Viola glaberrima and the correct classification is Pennsylvania Endangered.
The common name of Carex sterilis Willd. is changed from Atlantic Sedge to Sterile Sedge. Both names are accepted common names. However, the Department prefers Sterile Sedge, as it is a more descriptive name.
Fiscal Impact
Commonwealth. This final-form rulemaking will not have a fiscal impact on this Commonwealth.
Political subdivisions. This final-form rulemaking will not have a fiscal impact on political subdivisions.
Public. This final-form rulemaking will not have a fiscal impact on the public.
Benefits, Costs and Compliance
Benefits. This final-form rulemaking will benefit State, county and municipal conservation planning officials, environmental regulatory agencies, landowners, conservation districts, conservation groups and other organizations concerned with the welfare of the environment, because it more accurately represents the native wild plants in this Commonwealth in need of the most protection. This final-form rulemaking also benefits the citizens of this Commonwealth by protecting this Commonwealth's natural resources, which is a constitutional right. See Pa.Const. Art. I, § 27.
Keeping up-to-date classifications of native wild plants ensures that the Department and other public and private conservation organizations are targeting the appropriate species in their conservation efforts. This will help maintain a healthy biodiversity of ecological systems in this Commonwealth.
Costs and compliance. This final-form rulemaking will not impose additional compliance costs.
Paperwork requirements. There are no additional paperwork requirements associated with this final-form rulemaking.
Regulatory Review
Under section 5(a) of the Regulatory Review Act (71 P.S. § 745.5(a)), on August 17, 2022, the Department submitted a copy of the proposed rulemaking, published at 52 Pa.B. 5476, to IRRC and to the Chairpersons of the House and Senate Environmental Resources and Energy Committees. The Department received no public comments or comments from IRRC.
Under section 5.1(j.2) of the Regulatory Review Act (71 P.S. § 745.5a(j.2)), on July 12, 2023, this final-form rulemaking was deemed approved by the House and Senate Committees. As the Department delivered the final-form regulation without revisions, and the Committees did not take any action, the final-form regulation was deemed approved by IRRC. Under section 5.1(e) of the Regulatory Review Act, IRRC met on July 13, 2023, and approved the final-form rulemaking.
Effective Date
The regulation will become effective upon final publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.
Contact Person
For an explanation of this final-form rulemaking, contact Rebecca H. Bowen, Chief, Conservation Science and Ecological Resources Division, Bureau of Forestry, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 8552, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552, (717) 787-3444, rebbowen@pa.gov or RA-Ch45WildPlants@pa.gov.
Findings
The Department finds that:
(1) Public notice of intention to adopt the regulations has been given under sections 201 and 202 of the act of July 31, 1968 (P.L. 769, No. 240) (45 P.S. §§ 1201 and 1202), referred to as the Commonwealth Documents Law, and regulations promulgated thereunder at 1 Pa. Code §§ 7.1 and 7.2 (relating to notice of proposed rulemaking required; and adoption of regulations).
(2) At least a 30-day public comment period was provided as required by law and no public comments were submitted.
(3) This final-form rulemaking does not enlarge the purpose of the proposed rulemaking published at 52 Pa.B. 5476.
(4) This final-form rulemaking is necessary and appropriate for the administration and enforcement of the authorizing acts identified in this preamble.
Order
The Department, acting under the authorizing statutes, orders that:
(1) The regulations of the Department, 17 Pa. Code Chapter 45, are amended by amending §§ 45.11—45.14 and 45.21 to read as set forth in Annex A.
(2) The Department shall submit this final-form rulemaking and Annex A to the Office of Attorney General and the Office of General Counsel for approval as to legality, as required by law.
(3) The Department shall submit this final-form rulemaking and Annex A to IRRC and the House and Senate Committees, as required by law.
(4) The Department shall certify this final-form rulemaking and Annex A and deposit them with the Legislative Reference Bureau as required by law.
(5) This final-form rulemaking shall take effect upon publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.
CINDY ADAMS DUNN,
Secretary
(Editor's Note: See 53 Pa.B. 4068 (July 29, 2023) for IRRC's approval order.)
Fiscal Note: Fiscal Note 7B-10 remains valid for the final adoption of the subject regulations.
Annex A
TITLE 17. CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES
PART I. DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Subpart D. RESOURCE CONSERVATION
CHAPTER 45. CONSERVATION OF PENNSYLVANIA NATIVE WILD PLANTS
Subchapter B. CLASSIFIED PLANTS
§ 45.11. Pennsylvania Extirpated.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated are as follows:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Acalypha deamii (Weath.) Ahles | Two-Seeded Copperleaf |
| Aeschynomene virginica (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Sensitive Joint-Vetch |
| Agalinis decemloba (Greene) Pennell | Blue Ridge False Foxglove |
| Agrostis altissima (Walter) Tuck. | Tall Bentgrass |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. | Bearberry Manzanita |
| Asclepias rubra L. | Red Milkweed |
| Astragalus neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) Sheldon | Cooper's Milk-Vetch |
| Berberis canadensis P. Mill. | American Barberry |
| Buchnera americana L. | Bluehearts |
| Carex adusta Boott | Crowded Sedge |
| Carex backii Boott | Rocky Mountain Sedge |
| Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr. | Barratt's Sedge |
| Carex chordorrhiza L.f. | Creeping Sedge |
| Carex foenea Willd. | Fernald's Hay Sedge |
| Carex hyalinolepis Steud. | Shoreline Sedge |
| Carex nigra (L.) Reichard | Black Sedge |
| Carex sartwellii Dewey | Sartwell's Sedge |
| Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Atlantic White-Cedar |
| Commelina erecta L. | Slender Dayflower |
| Commelina virginica L. | Virginia Dayflower |
| Coreopsis rosea Nutt. | Pink Tickseed |
| Crassula aquatica (L.) Schönland | Water-Pigmyweed |
| Crotonopsis elliptica Willd. | Elliptical Rushfoil |
| Cuscuta coryli Engelm. | Hazel Dodder |
| Cynoglossum boreale Fernald | Northern Hound's Tongue |
| Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. | Many-Spiked Flatsedge |
| Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. | Retrorse Flatsedge |
| Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd. | Small White Lady's-Slipper |
| Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. and A. Gray | Sessile-Leaved Tick Trefoil |
| Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann | Leiberg's Panic Grass |
| Dichanthelium spretum (Schult.) Freckmann | Eaton's Witchgrass |
| Diphasiastrum sabinifolium (Willd.) Holub. | Fir Clubmoss |
| Draba reptans (Lam.) Fernald | Carolina Whitlow-Grass |
| Echinacea laevigata (C. L. Boynton & Beadle) S. F. Blake | Smooth Purple Coneflower |
| Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. | Long-Stem Waterwort |
| Eleocharis tricostata Torr. | Three-Ribbed Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. | Long-Tubercled Spike-Rush |
| Elodea schweinitzii (Planch) Casp. | Schweinitz's Waterweed |
| Eriocaulon decangulare L. | Ten-Angle Pipewort |
| Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Rob. | Parker's Pipewort |
| Eryngium aquaticum L. | Marsh Eryngo |
| Eupatorium album L. var album | White Thoroughwort |
| Eupatorium leucolepis (DC) Torr. & A. Gray | White-Bracted Thoroughwort |
| Euphorbia obtusata Pursh | Blunt-Leaved Spurge |
| Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl | Hairy Fimbry |
| Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Eastern Milk-Pea |
| Galactia volubilis (L.) Britton | Downy Milk-Pea |
| Gentiana catesbaei Walter | Elliott's Gentian |
| Gentianopsis virgata (Raf.) Holub | Narrow-Leaved Fringed Gentian |
| Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Broad-Leaved Beardgrass |
| Helianthus angustifolius L. | Swamp Sunflower |
| Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Á Löve | Little-Barley |
| Hottonia inflata Elliott | American Featherfoil |
| Hydrocotyle umbellata L. | Many-Flowered Pennywort |
| Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex Barton | Creeping St. John's-Wort |
| Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz | St. Peter's-Wort |
| Hypericum denticulatum Walter | Coppery St. John's-Wort |
| Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray | Inkberry |
| Itea virginica L. | Virginia-Willow |
| Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck. | Greene's Rush |
| Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes | Junegrass |
| Leiophyllum buxifolium (Berg.) Elliott | Sand-Myrtle |
| Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. | Tall Bush-Clover |
| Limosella australis R. Br. | Awl-Shaped Mudwort |
| Lobelia nuttallii Roem. & Schult. | Nuttall's Lobelia |
| Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott | Spherical-Fruited Seedbox |
| Lysimachia quadriflora Sims | Four-Flowered Loosestrife |
| Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst. | Nuttall's Mud-Flower |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. | Short Muhly |
| Onosmodium virginianum (L.) A. DC. | Virginia False Gromwell |
| Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. pycnostichum Fernald | Adders Tongue |
| Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M. C. Johnst. | Christmas Mistletoe |
| Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. | Carolina Leaf-Flower |
| Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl. | Crested Yellow Orchid |
| Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. | Prairie White-Fringed Orchid |
| Polygala lutea L. | Yellow Milkwort |
| Populus heterophylla L. | Swamp Cottonwood |
| Potamogeton alpinus Balbis | Northern Pondweed |
| Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen | White-Stem Pondweed |
| Prenanthes racemosa Michx. | Glaucous Rattlesnake-Root |
| Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. | Comb-Leaved Mermaid-Weed |
| Ranunculus hederaceus L. | Long-Stalked Crowfoot |
| Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr. | Flame Azalea |
| Rhynchospora fusca (L.) Aiton f. | Brown Beak-Rush |
| Rhynchospora gracilenta A. Gray | Beak-Rush |
| Ruellia caroliniensis (Walter ex J. F. Gmel.) Steud. | Carolina Petunia |
| Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. | Slender Marsh-Pink |
| Sabatia stellaris Pursh | Sea Pink |
| Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers. | Sugarcane-Plumegrass |
| Sagittaria filiformis J. G. Sm. | Water Arrow-Head |
| Schoenoplectus heterochaetus Chase (Sojak) | Slender Bulrush |
| Scutellaria serrata Andr. | Showy Skullcap |
| Sisyrinchium fuscatum E. P. Bicknell | Sand Blue-Eyed Grass |
| Smilax pseudochina L. | Long-Stalked Greenbrier |
| Sparganium natans L. | Small Bur-Reed |
| Spiraea virginiana Britton | Virginia Spiraea |
| Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak | Ladies'-Tresses |
| Trifolium reflexum L. | Buffalo Clover |
| Triglochin palustris L. | Marsh Arrowgrass |
| Utricularia fibrosa Walt. | Fibrous Bladderwort |
| Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene ex Bigelow | Northeastern Bladderwort |
| Utricularia subulata L. | Slender Bladderwort |
§ 45.12. Pennsylvania Endangered.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Endangered are as follows:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Aconitum reclinatum A. Gray | White Monkshood |
| Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. | Sweet Flag |
| Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) S. F. Blake | Eared False Foxglove |
Agalinis paupercula
(A. Gray) Britton | Small-Flowered False Foxglove |
| Aletris farinosa L. | Colic-Root |
| Alisma triviale Pursh | Broad-Leaved Water-Plaintain |
| Alnus viridis (Vill.) DC | Mountain Alder |
| Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) M. Roem. | Oblong-Fruited Serviceberry |
| Ammania coccinea Rottb. | Scarlet Ammannia |
| Anemone cylindrica A. Gray | Long-Headed Anemone |
| Arabis missouriensis Greene | Missouri Rockcress |
| Arethusa bulbosa L. | Dragon's-Mouth |
| Arnica acaulis (Walter) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Leopard's-Bane |
| Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. E. Robins. | Great Indian Plantain |
| Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clements. | Beach Wormwood |
| Asclepias variegata L. | White Milkweed |
| Asplenium bradleyi D. C. Eaton | Bradley's Spleenwort |
| Asplenium resiliens Kunze | Black-Stemmed Spleenwort |
| Astragalus canadensis L. | Canadian Milk-vetch |
| Bidens beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene | Beck's Water-Marigold |
| Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britton | Swamp Beggar-Ticks |
| Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér. | Aster-Like Boltonia |
| Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory | Wild Hyacinth |
| Cardamine pratensis L. var. palustris Wimm. & Grab. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) | Cuckooflower |
| Carex atherodes Spreng. | Awned Sedge |
| Carex aurea Nutt. | Golden-Fruited Sedge |
| Carex bebbii (Bailey) Fern. | Bebb's Sedge |
| Carex bicknellii Britton | Bicknell's Sedge |
| Carex bullata Willd. | Bull Sedge |
| Carex careyana Dewey | Carey's Sedge |
| Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis Fernald | Short-Hair Sedge |
| Carex eburnea Boott | Ebony Sedge |
| Carex formosa Dewey | Handsome Sedge |
| Carex garberi Fernald | Elk Sedge |
| Carex geyeri Boott | Geyer's Sedge |
| Carex lupuliformis Sartwell | False Hop Sedge |
| Carex mitchelliana M. A. Curtis | Mitchell's Sedge |
| Carex pauciflora Lightf. | Few-Flowered Sedge |
| Carex polymorpha Muhl. | Variable Sedge |
| Carex pseudocyperus L. | Cyperus-Like Sedge |
| Carex retrorsa Schwein. | Backward Sedge |
| Carex roanensis F. J. Herm (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Roan Mountain Sedge |
| Carex schweinitzii Schwein. | Schweinitz's Sedge |
| Carex sterilis Willd. | Sterile Sedge |
| Carex typhina Michx. | Cat-Tail Sedge |
| Carex viridula Michx. | Green Sedge |
| Cerastium velutinum Raf. var. villossissimum (Pennell) J. K. Morton | Octoraro Creek Chickweed |
| Chasmanthium laxum (L.) H. O. Yates | Slender Wild-Oats |
| Chenopodium foggii Wahl | Fogg's Goosefoot |
| Chrysogonum virginianum L. | Green-and-Gold |
| Cirsium horridulum Michx. | Horrible Thistle |
| Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. | Twig-Rush |
| Clematis viorna L. | Leather-Flower |
| Clethra acuminata Michx. | Mountain Pepperbush |
| Clitoria mariana L. | Butterfly Pea |
| Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. | Long-Bracted Green Orchis |
| Conioselinum chinense (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Hemlock-Parsley |
| Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad | Spring Coral-Root |
| Cryptogramma stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl | Slender Rockbrake |
| Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker Gawl.) Kartesz & Gandhi | Fraser's Sedge |
| Cyperus diandrus Torr. | Umbrella Sedge |
| Cyperus houghtonii Torr. | Houghton's Flatsedge |
| Cyperus refractus Engelm. | Reflexed Flatsedge |
| Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Source: Flora of North America) | Northern Small Yellow Lady's-Slipper |
| Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum (Source: Flora of North America) | Southern Small Yellow Lady's-Slipper |
| Cypripedium reginae Walter | Show Lady's-Slipper |
| Delphinium exaltatum Aiton | Tall Larkspur |
| Dicentra eximia (Ker Gwal.) Torr. | Wild Bleeding-Heart |
| Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould | Velvety Panic Grass |
| Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann | Slender Panic Grass |
| Dodecatheon meadia L. | Shooting-Star |
| Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson | Mountain Wood Fern |
| Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller | Walter's Barnyard-Grass |
| Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S. F. Blake | Capitate Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis compressa Sull. | Flat-Stemmed Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis elliptica Kunth | Slender Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. var. peasei Svenson | Wright's Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Buffon & Fingerh. | Dwarf Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link var. fernaldii Swenson | Few-Flowered Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. | Four-Angled Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr. | Beaked Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schult. var. verrucosa (Svenson) Svenson | Slender Spike-Rush |
| Equisetum scirpoides Michx. (Source: Flora of North America) | Dwarf Scouring-Rush |
| Equisetum variegatum Schleich. | Variegated Scouring-Rush |
| Eriophorum gracile Koch ex Roth | Slender Cotton-Grass |
| Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. | Rough Cotton-Grass |
| Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. | Wild Ipecac |
| Euphorbia purpurea (Raf.) Fernald | Glade Spurge |
| Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) Nesom | Showy Aster |
| Festuca paradoxa Desv. | Cluster Fescue |
| Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush | Pumpkin Ash |
| Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Blue Ash |
| Galium labradoricum Wiegand | Bog Bedstraw |
| Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) A. Gray | Box Huckleberry |
| Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torr. & A. Gray | Dwarf Huckleberry |
| Geranium bicknellii Britton | Cranesbill |
| Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. | Blunt Manna-Grass |
| Goodyera tesselata Lodd. | Checkered Rattlesnake-Plantain |
| Gratiola aurea Muhl. ex Pursh | Golden Hedge-Hyssop |
| Helianthemum bicknellii Fernald | Bicknell's Hoary Rockrose |
| Heteranthera multiflora (Griseb.) Horn. | Multi-Flowered Mud-Plantain |
| Hieracium traillii Greene | Maryland Hawkweed |
| Hierochloe hirta (Schrank) Borbás (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Common Northern Sweet Grass |
| Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. | Vanilla Sweet-Grass |
| Huperzia porophila (F. E. Lloyd & Underw.) Holub | Sandstone-Loving Firmoss |
| Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt. | Large-Leaved Water-Leaf |
| Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & A. Gray | Clasping-Leaved St. John's-Wort |
| Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. | Purple-Rocket |
| Iris cristata Sol. ex Aiton | Dwarf Crested Iris |
| Iris prismatica Pursh | Slender Blue Flag |
| Iris verna L. | Dwarf Iris |
| Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf. | Small-Whorled Pogonia |
| Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. | Short-Fruited Rush |
| Juncus dichotomus Elliott | Forked Rush |
| Juncus militaris Bigelow | Bayonet Rush |
| Juncus scirpoides Lam. | Scirpus-Like Rush |
| Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Elliott | Narrow-Leaved Bush-Clover |
| Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britton | Nondo Lovage |
| Linum intercursum E. P. Bicknell | Sandplain Wild Flax |
| Linum sulcatum Riddell | Grooved Yellow Flax |
| Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. C. Tucker | Common Hemicarpha |
| Listera australis Lindl. | Southern Twayblade |
| Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. | Heartleaf Twayblade |
| Listera smallii Wiegand | Kidney-Leaved Twayblade |
| Lithospermum caroliniense (J. F. Gmel.) MacMill. | Hispid Gromwell |
| Lithospermum latifolium Michx. | American Gromwell |
| Lobelia kalmii L. | Brook Lobelia |
| Lobelia puberula Michx. | Downy Lobelia |
| Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. | Swamp Fly-Honeysuckle |
| Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. | Mountain Fly-Honeysuckle |
| Ludwigia decurrens Walter | Upright Primrose-Willow |
| Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter | False Loosestrife Seedbox |
| Lycopodiella alopecuroides (L.) Cranfill | Foxtail Bog Clubmoss |
Lycopodiella margueritae
J. G. Bruce, W. H. Wagner & Beitel | Marguerite's Clubmoss |
| Lycopus rubellus Moench. | Taper-Leaved Bugle-Weed |
Lyonia mariana (L.)
D. Don | Staggerbush |
| Lysimachia hybrida Michx. | Lance-Leaved Loosestrife |
| Lythrum alatum Pursh | Winged Loosestrife |
| Malaxis bayardii Fernald | Adder's-Mouth |
Marshallia pulchra
W. M. Knapp, D. B. Poind. & Weakley (Source: Flora of Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Beautiful Barbara's Buttons |
Matelea obliqua
(Jacq.) Woodson | Oblique Milkvine |
| Mitella nuda L. | Naked Bishop's-Cap |
| Monarda punctata L. | Spotted Bee-Balm |
| Montia chamissoi (Ledeb. ex Spreng.) Greene | Chamisso's Miner's-Lettuce |
| Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fern. | Fall Dropseed Muhly |
| Myriophyllum farwellii Morong | Farwell's Water-Milfoil |
| Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov | Northern Water-Milfoil |
| Myriophyllum verticillatum L. | Whorled Water-Milfoil |
| Najas marina L. | Holly-Leaved Naiad |
| Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) E. Greene | Leafy Bog Aster |
| Onosmodium molle Michx. var. hispidissimum (Mack.) Cronquist | False Gromwell |
| Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl | Limestone Adder's-Tongue |
| Packera antennariifolia (Britton) W. A. Weber Á & Löve | Cat's-Paw Ragwort |
| Panicum amarum Elliott var. amarulum (A. Hitchc. & Chase) P. G. Palmer | Beachgrass |
| Parnassia glauca Raf. | Grass-of-Parnassus |
| Paxistima canbyi A. Gray | Canby's Mountain-Lover |
| Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene | Carey's Smartweed |
| Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) Small | Swamp Smartweed |
| Phlox ovata L. | Mountain Phlox |
| Phlox subulata L. ssp. brittonii (Small) Wherry | Moss Pink |
Piptatherum pungens
(Torr. ex Spreng.) Dorn | Slender Mountain Ricegrass |
| Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak, Lindleyana (Source: Flora of North America) | Northern Green Orchid |
| Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck | Tall White Bog-Orchid |
| Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. | Huron Green Orchid |
| Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Elliott | Autumn Bluegrass |
| Polemonium van-bruntiae Britton | Jacob's-Ladder |
| Polygala cruciata L. | Cross-Leaved Milkwort |
| Polygala curtissii A. Gray | Curtis' Milkwort |
| Polygala incarnata L. | Pink Milkwort |
| Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fee | Braun's Holly Fern |
| Populus balsamifera L. | Balsam Poplar |
| Potamogeton friesii Rupr. | Fries' Pondweed |
| Potamogeton gramineus L. | Grassy Pondweed |
| Potamogeton hillii Morong | Hill's Pondweed |
| Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch | Blunt-Leaved Pondweed |
| Potamogeton pulcher Tuck. | Spotted Pondweed |
| Potamogeton strictifolius A. Benn. | Narrow-Leaved Pondweed |
| Potamogeton tennesseensis Fernald | Tennessee Pondweed |
| Potamogeton vaseyi J. W. Robbins | Vasey's Pondweed |
| Potentilla fruticosa L. | Shrubby Cinquefoil |
| Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. | Bushy Cinquefoil |
| Potentilla tridentata Aiton | Three-Toothed Cinquefoil |
| Prunus maritima Marshall | Beach Plum |
| Prunus nigra Ait. | Canada Plum |
| Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. | Mock Bishop-Weed |
| Pycnanthemum torrei Benth. | Torrey's Mountain-Mint |
| Quercus falcata Michx. | Southern Red Oak |
| Quercus phellos L. | Willow Oak |
| Quercus shumardii Buckley | Shumard Oak |
| Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex J. M. Bigelow | Tufted Buttercup |
| Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart | Gray-Headed Prairie Coneflower |
| Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh | Lanceolate Buckthorn |
| Rhexia mariana L. | Maryland Meadow-Beauty |
| Rhododendron atlanticum (Ashe) Rehder | Dwarf Azalea |
| Rhynchospora capillacea Torr. | Capillary Beak-Rush |
Ribes missouriense
Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray | Missouri Gooseberry |
| Rubus cuneifolius Pursh | Sand Blackberry |
| Ruellia humilis Nutt. | Fringed-Leaved Petunia |
| Sagittaria calycina Engelm. | Long-Lobed Arrowhead |
| Salix candida Flüggé ex Willd. | Hoary Willow |
| Scheuchzeria palustris L. | Pod-Grass |
| Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigel.) Löve & Löve | Hard-Stemmed Bulrush |
Schoenoplectus smithii
(A. Gray) Sojak | Smith's Bulrush |
| Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla | Torrey's Bulrush |
| Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler | Northeastern Bulrush |
| Scleria minor (Britton) Stone | Small Nut-Rush |
| Scleria muhlenbergii Steud. | Reticulated Nut-Rush |
Scleria verticillata
Muhl. ex Willd. | Whorled Nut-Rush |
| Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. | Roseroot Stonecrop |
| Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Narrow-Leaved White-Topped Aster |
| Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. | Canada Buffalo-Berry |
| Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby | Virginia Mallow |
| Sisyrinchium atlanticum E. P. Bicknell | Eastern Blue-Eyed-Grass |
| Solidago arguta Aiton var. harrisii (E. S. Steele) Cronquist | Harris' Goldenrod |
| Solidago curtissii Torr. & A. Gray | Curtis' Goldenrod |
| Solidago erecta Banks ex Pursh | Slender Goldenrod |
| Solidago simplex Kunth ssp. randii (Porter) Ringius var. racemosa (Greene) Ringius | Sticky Goldenrod |
| Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid. | Showy Mountain-Ash |
| Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong | Branching Bur-Reed |
| Spiraea corymbosa Rafinesque (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Dwarf Spiraea |
| Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise | Case's Ladies'-Tresses |
| Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. | October Ladies'-Tresses |
| Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. | Hooded Ladies'-Tresses |
| Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray | Spring Ladies'-Tresses |
| Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) A. Hitchc. | Rough Dropseed |
| Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray | Sand Dropseed |
Sporobolus heterolepis
(A. Gray) A. Gray | Prairie Dropseed |
| Stachys nuttallii Shuttlew. ex Benth. | Nuttall's Hedge-Nettle |
| Swertia caroliniensis (Walter) Kuntze | American Columbo |
Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & Gray) Á Löve &
D. Löve | Northern Bog Aster |
| Taenidia montana (Mack.) Cronquist | Mountain Pimpernel |
| Trichostema setaceum Houtt. | Narrow-Leaved Blue-Curls |
| Trifolium stoloniferum Eaton (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Running Buffalo Clover |
| Trifolium virginicum Small | Kate's-Mountain Clover |
| Triphora trianthophora (Swartz) Rydb. | Nodding Pogonia |
| Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. | Purple Sandgrass |
| Trollius laxus Salisb. | Spreading Globe-Flower |
| Veronia glauca (L.) Willd. | Tawny Ironweed |
| Viburnum nudum L. | Possum Haw Viburnum |
| Viola brittoniana Pollard | Coast Violet |
| Viola glaberrima (Ging.) House (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Wedge-Leaved Violet |
| Vitis rupestris Scheele | Sand Grape |
| Zigadenus glaucus (Nutt.) Nutt. | White Camas |
§ 45.13. Pennsylvania Threatened.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Threatened are as follows:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Aconitum uncinatum L. | Blue Monkshood |
| Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach | Small White-Snakeroot |
| Ammophila breviligulata Fernald | American Beachgrass |
| Arabis patens Sull. | Spreading Rockcress |
| Arceuthobium pusillum Peck | Dwarf Mistletoe |
| Aristida purpurascens Poir. | Arrow-Feather Three-Awned Grass |
| Asclepias verticillata L. | Whorled Milkweed |
Baptisia australis (L.)
R. Br. | Blue False Indigo |
| Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. | Tall Gramma |
| Bromus kalmii A. Gray | Kalm's Brome |
| Carex alata Torr. | Broad-Winged Sedge |
| Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. | Water Sedge |
| Carex collinsii Nutt. | Collins' Sedge |
| Carex cryptolepis Mack. | Northeastern Sedge |
| Carex diandra Schrank | Lesser Panicled Sedge |
| Carex flava L. | Yellow Sedge |
| Carex longii Mack. | Long's Sedge |
| Carex oligosperma Michx. | Few-Seeded Sedge |
| Carex prairea Dewey | Prairie Sedge |
| Carex tetanica Schkuhr | Wood's Sedge |
| Carex wiegandii Mack. | Wiegand's Sedge |
| Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. | Eastern Paintbrush |
| Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small | Seaside Spurge |
| Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Elliott | Maryland Golden-Aster |
| Dodecatheon amethystinum (Fassett) Fassett | Jeweled Shooting-Star |
| Eleocharis intermedia (Muhl.) Schult. | Matted Spike-Rush |
| Eleocharis robbinsii Oakes | Robbins' Spike-Rush |
| Ellisia nyctelea L. | Ellisia |
| Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. | Harbinger-of-Spring |
| Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald | Thin-Leaved Cottongrass |
| Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton | Grass-Leaved Goldenrod |
| Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. | Annual Fimbry |
| Galium latifolium Michx. | Purple Bedstraw |
| Hypericum densiflorum Pursh | Bushy St. John's-Wort |
| Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britton | Canadian St. John's-Wort |
| Ilex opaca Aiton | American Holly |
| Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix in Vill. ssp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Hämet-Ahti. | Richardson's Rush |
| Juncus arcticus Willd. var. littoralis (Engelm.) Boivin. | Baltic Rush |
| Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) L. Buch. | Small-Headed Rush |
| Juncus torreyi Coville | Torrey's Rush |
| Lathyrus japonicus Willd. | Beach Pea |
| Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. | Wild Pea |
| Linnaea borealis L. | Twinflower |
| Lobelia dortmanna L. | Water Lobelia |
| Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill | Appressed Bog Clubmoss |
| Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. | Umbrella Magnolia |
| Magnolia virginiana L. | Sweetbay Magnolia |
| Melica nitens Nutt. | Three-Flowered Melic Grass |
| Minuartia glabra (Michx.) Mattf. | Appalachian Sandwort |
| Myrica gale L. | Sweet-gale |
| Myriophyllum tenellum Bigelow | Slender Water-Milfoil |
Najas gracillima
(A. Braun) Magnus | Bushy Naiad |
| Nymphoides cordata (Elliott) Fernald | Floating-Heart |
| Oenothera argillicola Mack. | Shale-Barren Evening-Primrose |
| Panicum tuckermanii Fernald | Tuckerman's Panic-Grass |
| Passiflora lutea L. | Passion-Flower |
| Phemeranthus teretifolius (Pursh) Raf. | Round-Leaved Fameflower |
Platanthera ciliaris
(L.) Lindl. | Yellow Fringed Orchid |
Platanthera peramoena
(A. Gray) A. Gray | Purple Fringeless Orchid |
| Poa paludigena Fernald & Wiegand | Bog Bluegrass |
| Potamogeton confervoides Reichenb. | Tuckerman's Pondweed |
| Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. | Red-Head Pondweed |
| Ptelea trifoliata L. | Hoptree |
Ranunculus ambigens
S. Watson | Water-Plantain Spearwort |
| Ranunculus longirostris Godron | Eastern White Water-Crowfoot |
| Ribes triste Pallas | Wild Red Currant |
| Ruellia strepens L. | Limestone Petunia |
| Salix serissima (Bailey) Fernald | Autumn Willow |
| Scirpus pedicellatus Fernald | Stalked Bulrush |
| Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. | Few-Flowered Nutrush |
| Solidago roanensis Porter | Mountain Goldenrod |
| Solidago uliginosa Nutt. | Bog Goldenrod |
| Stellaria borealis Bigelow | Northern Stitchwort |
| Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC | Twisted-Stalk |
| Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fernald) Nesom | Serpentine Aster |
| Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Nesom var. novi-belgii | New York Aster |
| Thalictrum coriaceum (Britton) Small | Thick-Leaved Meadow-Rue |
| Utricularia intermedia Hayne | Flat-Leaved Bladderwort |
Viola appalachiensis
L. K. Henry | Appalachian Blue Violet |
| Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel | Appalachian Grass-Fern |
§ 45.14. Pennsylvania Rare.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Rare are as follows:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Actaea podocarpa DC | Mountain Bugbane |
| Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer | Water-Hemp Ragweed |
| Andromeda polifolia L. | Bog-Rosemary |
| Andropogon gyrans Ashe | Elliott's Beardgrass |
| Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. | Lobed Spleenwort |
| Bartonia paniculata ssp. paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. | Screw-Stem |
| Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. | American Sea-Rocket |
| Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. | Brown Sedge |
| Carex disperma Dewey | Soft-Leaved Sedge |
| Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. | Many-Fruited Sedge |
| Carex paupercula Michx. | Bog Sedge |
| Cyperus engelmannii Steud. | Engelmann's Flatsedge |
| Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. | Schweinitz's Flatsedge |
| Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann var. euchlamydeum (Shinners) Pohl | Cloaked Panic Grass |
| Epilobium strictum Muhl. | Downy Willow-Herb |
| Erythronium albidum Nutt. | White Trout-Lily |
| Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow | Creeping Snowberry |
| Juncus biflorus Elliott | Grass-Leaved Rush |
| Juncus filiformis L. | Thread Rush |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder | Common Labrador-Tea |
| Lorinseria areolata (Linnaeus) C. Presl. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) | Netted Chain Fern |
| Lupinus perennis L. | Blue Lupine |
| Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. | Hartford Fern |
| Menziesia pilosa (Michx.) Juss. | Minniebush |
| Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. | Eastern Prickly-Pear Cactus |
| Orontium aquaticum L. | Golden Club |
Packera anonyma
(A. W. Wood) W. A. Weber & Á Löve | Appalachian Groundsel |
| Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes | Flat-Leaved Pondweed |
| Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald | Flat-Stemmed Pondweed |
| Potentilla anserina L. | Silverweed |
| Prunus pumila L. var. pumila | Sand Cherry |
| Pyrularia pubera Michx. | Buffalo-Nut |
| Ranunculus micranthus (Gray) Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray | Small-Flowered Crowfoot |
| Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne | Toothcup |
| Sagittaria subulata (L.) L. Buch. | Subulate Arrowhead |
| Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. littorale (Nash) Gould | Seaside Bluestem |
| Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) Strong | River Bulrush |
| Sedum telephioides Michx. | Allegheny Stonecrop |
| Trillium nivale Riddell | Snow Trillium |
| Wolffiella gladiata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. | Bog-Mat |
| Xyris montana Ries. | Yellow Eyed Grass |
| Zizania aquatica L. | Indian Wild Rice |
§ 45.21. Tentatively Undetermined.
Plant species classified as Tentatively Undetermined are as follows:
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
|---|
| Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. | False-Foxglove |
| Amelanchier humilis Wiegand | Low Serviceberry |
| Amelanchier obovalis (Michx.) Ashe | Coastal Juneberry |
| Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. | Roundleaf Juneberry |
| Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Bushy Bluestem |
Antennaria solitaria
Rydb. | Single-Headed Pussy-Toes |
| Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. | Western Hairy Rock-Cress |
| Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii A. Gray | Poverty Grass |
| Aristida longespica Poir. var. geniculata (Raf.) Fernald | Long-Spike Three-Awned Grass |
| Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. | Pipevine |
| Carex crawfordii Fernald | Crawford's Sedge |
| Carex haydenii Dewey | Cloud Sedge |
| Carex limosa L. | Mud Sedge |
| Carex meadii Dewey | Mead's Sedge |
| Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H. O. Yates | Wild-Oats |
| Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch. | Strawberry Goosefoot |
| Crataegus brainerdii Sarg. | Brainerd's Hawthorne |
| Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele | Downy Hawthorne |
| Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. | Buttonbush Dodder |
| Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. | Smartweed Dodder |
| Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy | Thin-Leaved Flatsedge |
| Cystopteris laurentiana (Weath.) Blasdell | Laurentian Bladder-Fern |
| Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze | Tall Tick-Trefoil |
| Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. | Nuttall's Tick-Trefoil |
| Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond | Annulus Panic Grass |
| Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann | Northern Panic Grass |
| Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann | Cloaked Panic Grass |
| Dichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond | Shining Panic Grass |
| Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann | Long-Haired Panic Grass |
| Dichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr. | Yadkin River Panic Grass |
| Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. | American Dragonhead |
| Epilobium palustre L. | Marsh Willow-Herb |
| Eupatorium rotundifolium L. | Round-Leaved Thoroughwort |
| Filipendula rubra (Hill) B. L. Rob. | Queen-of-the-Prairie |
| Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. | Yellow Gentian |
| Gentiana saponaria L. | Soapwort Gentian |
| Gentiana villosa L. | Striped Gentian |
| Glyceria acutiflora Torr. | Sharp-Flowered Manna-Grass |
| Gymnocarpium appalachianum K. M. Pryer & Haufler | Appalachian Oak Fern |
| Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea | Purple Bluets |
Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook) Torr. &
A. Gray | Nits-and-Lice |
| Lathyrus palustris L. | Vetchling |
| Lemna turionifera Landolt | Winter Duckweed |
Leucothoe racemosa (L.)
A. Gray | Swamp Dog-Hobble |
| Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. | Northern Blazing-Star |
| Lonicera hirsuta Eaton | Hairy Honeysuckle |
| Luzula bulbosa (A. W. Wood) Rybd. | Wood-Rush |
| Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz var. brachypoda (A. Gray) F. Morris & E. A. Eames | White Adder's-Mouth |
| Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britton | Heart-Leafed Meehania |
| Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. | Sharp-Pointed Muhly |
| Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald | Small Yellow Pond-Lily |
| Oenothera pilosella Raf. | Evening-Primrose |
| Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. | Stiff Cowbane |
| Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Á Löve | Prairie Ragwort |
| Panicum flexile (Gatt.) Scribn. | Wiry Witchgrass |
| Panicum longifolium Torr. | Long-Leaved Panic Grass |
| Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fernald var. nuttallii (Small) Fernald | Whitlow Wort |
| Parthenium intergrifolium L. | American Fever-Few |
| Paspalum floridanum (Michx.) var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey | Florida Beadgrass |
| Paspalum laeve (Michx.) var. pilosum Scribn. | Field Beadgrass |
| Paspalum setaceum Michx. | Slender Beadgrass |
| Phlox pilosa L. | Downy Phlox |
| Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene | Lance Fog-Fruit |
| Physalis virginiana Mill. | Virginia Ground-Cherry |
| Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex Gray) Lindl. | Hooker's Orchid |
| Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. | Shrubby Camphor-Weed |
| Poa languida A. Hitchc. | Drooping Bluegrass |
| Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. | Riverweed |
| Polygala polygama Walter | Racemed Milkwort |
| Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisn. | Eastern Jointweed |
| Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum (Coleman) Fern. | Stipuled Water-Smartweed |
| Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. | Bushy Knotweed |
Potamogeton filiformis Pers. var. borealis (Raf.)
St. John | Slender Pondweed |
| Potamogeton oakesianus J. W. Robbins | Oakes' Pondweed |
| Potamogeton perfoliatus L. | Clasping-Stemmed Pondweed |
| Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr. | Hairy Mountain-Mint |
| Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With. | White Water-Crowfoot |
| Ranunculus flammula L. | Lesser Spearwort |
| Rhamnus alnifolia L' Hér | Alder-Leaved Buckthorn |
| Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral | Small Globe Beak-Rush |
| Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. | Swamp Currant |
| Rosa virginiana P. Mill. | Virginia Rose |
| Rubus setosus Bigelow | Small Bristleberry |
| Rumex hastatulus Baldwin ex Elliott | Heart Sorrell |
| Samolus parviflorus Raf. | Pineland Pimpernel |
| Saxifraga micranthidifolia (Haw.) Steud. | Lettuce Saxifrage |
| Scleria triglomerata Michx. | Whip Nut-Rush |
| Scutellaria saxatilis Riddell | Rock Skullcap |
| Senna marilandica (L.) Link | Wild Senna |
| Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. | Blue-Eyed-Grass |
| Solidago rigida L. | Hard-Leaved Goldenrod |
| Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. | Slender Ladies'-Tresses |
| Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. | Hyssop Hedge-Nettle |
| Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. | Pencil-Flower |
| Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom | Bushy Aster |
| Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom | White Heath Aster |
| Taxus canadensis Marsh. | American Yew |
| Trillium flexipes Raf. | Declined Trillium |
| Triosteum angustifolium L. | Horse Gentian |
| Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. | Eastern Gammagrass |
| Uvularia pudica Michx. | Mountain Bellwort |
| Viburnum trilobum Marshall | Highbush-Cranberry |
| Viola renifolia A. Gray | Kidney-Leaved Violet |
| Vitis cinerea (Englem. in A. Gray) Englem. ex Millardet var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux | Possum-Grape |
| Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) Landolt | Dotted Dotted Watermeal |
[Pa.B. Doc. No. 23-1283. Filed for public inspection September 22, 2023, 9:00 a.m.]
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