CHAPTER 225. RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS
Subch. Sec.
A. GENERAL PROVISIONS … 225.1
B. RADIATION-PRODUCING DEVICES … 225.71
Appx. A. SUBJECTS TO BE COVERED DURING THE INSTRUCTION OF RADIOGRAPHERSAuthority The provisions of this Chapter 225 issued under section 301 of The Atomic Energy Development and Radiation Control Act (73 P.S. § 1301) (Repealed); and amended under sections 301 and 302 of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P.S. § § 7110.301 and 7110.302); and section 1920-A of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 510-20), unless otherwise noted.
Source The provisions of this Chapter 225 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212, unless otherwise noted.
Cross References This chapter cited in 25 Pa. Code § 78.111 (relating to abandonment); 25 Pa. Code § 78a.111 (relating to abandonment); 25 Pa. Code § 215.32 (relating to exemption qualifications); 25 Pa. Code § 217.1 (relating to purpose and scope); 25 Pa. Code § 227a.1 (relating to purpose and scope); 25 Pa. Code § 228.45 (relating to portable or mobile accelerators); 28 Pa. Code § 501.4 (relating to regulations); and 28 Pa. Code § 565.12 (relating to radiology service policy).
Subchapter A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec.
225.1. Purpose and scope.
225.2. [Reserved].
225.2a. Incorporation by reference.
225.3. [Reserved].
225.3a. Effect of incorporation of 10 CFR Part 34.
225.4. [Reserved].
225.4a. Radiation safety program.
225.5. [Reserved].
225.5a. Reciprocity.
225.6. [Reserved].
225.6a. Prohibitions.
225.7. [Reserved].
225.8. [Reserved].
225.9. [Reserved].
225.11—225.13. [Reserved].
225.14. [Reserved].
225.15—225.18. [Reserved].
225.21. [Reserved].
225.22. [Reserved].
225.23. [Reserved].
225.31—225.33. [Reserved].
225.34—225.36. [Reserved].
225.41—225.43. [Reserved].
225.44. [Reserved].
225.51—225.53. [Reserved].
225.54—225.65. [Reserved].§ 225.1. Purpose and scope.
(a) This chapter establishes radiation safety requirements for persons utilizing radiation sources for industrial radiography. Licensees and registrants who use radiation sources for industrial radiography shall comply with this chapter. The requirements of this chapter are in addition to and not in substitution for other applicable requirements in this article, in particular, the requirements and provisions of Chapters 215, 217—220, 228 and 230.
(b) Persons using only radiation-producing machines for industrial radiographic operations need not comply with § 225.2a (relating to incorporation by reference) unless otherwise specified in Subchapter B (relating to radiation-producing machines).
(c) This chapter does not apply to the use of radiation sources for medical diagnosis or therapy.
Source The provisions of this § 225.1 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; amended September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239; amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (282406).
§ 225.2. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.2 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203957) to (203958).
§ 225.2a. Incorporation by reference.
(a) Except as provided in this chapter, the requirements of 10 CFR Part 34 (relating to licenses for industrial radiography and radiation safety requirements for industrial radiographic operations) are incorporated by reference.
(b) Notwithstanding the requirements incorporated by reference, 10 CFR 34.5, 34.8, 34.121 and 34.123 are not incorporated by reference.
Source The provisions of this § 225.2a adopted September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239.
Cross References This section cited in 25 Pa. Code § 225.1 (relating to purpose and scope).
§ 225.3. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.3 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (4895) to (4896).
§ 225.3a. Effect of incorporation of 10 CFR Part 34.
To reconcile differences between this chapter and the incorporated sections of 10 CFR Part 34 (relating to licenses for industrial radiography and radiation safety requirements for industrial radiographic operations), the following words and phrases shall be substituted for the language in 10 CFR Part 34 as follows:
(1) A reference to ‘‘NRC’’ or ‘‘Commission’’ means Department.
(2) A reference to ‘‘NRC or agreement state’’ means Department, NRC or agreement state.
(3) The definition of ‘‘sealed source’’ includes NARM.
(4) The definition of ‘‘licensed material’’ includes NARM.
(5) Notifications, reports and correspondence referenced in the incorporated parts of 10 CFR (relating to energy) shall be directed to the Department.
Source The provisions of this § 225.3a adopted September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239; amended October 26, 2018, effective January 24, 2019, 48 Pa.B. 6791. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (304535).
§ 225.4. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.4 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (4896).
§ 225.4a. Radiation safety program.
(a) A person who intends to use radiation-producing machines for industrial radiography shall have a program for training personnel, written operating procedures and emergency procedures, individual monitoring reports required under 10 CFR 20.2206(a)(2) (relating to reports of individual monitoring), an internal review system and an organizational structure for radiographic operations which includes specified delegations of authority and responsibility for operation of the program. This program shall be approved by the Department before beginning industrial radiographic operations.
(b) The registrant shall notify the Department of intended changes to the registrant’s radiation safety program and obtain Departmental approval.
Source The provisions of this § 225.4a adopted September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239; amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823; amended October 26, 2018, effective January 24, 2019, 48 Pa.B. 6791. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (304535).
§ 225.5. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.5 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (4896).
§ 225.5a. Reciprocity.
Out-of-State users of radiation producing machines shall meet the requirements of § 216.7 (relating to out-of-State radiation-producing machines).
Source The provisions of this § 225.5a adopted September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239.
§ 225.6. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.6 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (4896).
§ 225.6a. Prohibitions.
Use of radiation sources covered under this chapter for diagnosis or therapy on humans or animals is not permitted.
Source The provisions of this § 225.6a adopted September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239.
§ 225.7. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.7 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (4896) to (4897).
§ 225.8. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.8 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (4897).
§ 225.9. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.9 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (4897).
§ § 225.11—225.13. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § 225.11—225.13 adopted December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203959) to (203960).
§ 225.14. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.14 adopted December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; amended June 19, 1992, effective June 20, 1992, 22 Pa. B. 3135; amended November 17, 1995, effective November 18, 1995, 25 Pa.B. 5085; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203960) to (203961).
§ § 225.15—225.18. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 225.15—225.18 adopted December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial text pages (203962) to (203964).
§ 225.21. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.21 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; amended November 17, 1995, effective November 18, 1995, 25 Pa.B. 5085; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (203964).
§ 225.22. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.22 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; amended November 17, 1995, effective November 18, 1995, 25 Pa.B. 5085; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203965).
§ 225.23. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.23 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203965) to (203966).
§ § 225.31—225.33. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 225.31—225.33 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203966) to (203967).
§ § 225.34—225.36. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 225.34—225.36 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (4902) to (4904).
§ § 225.41—225.43. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 225.41—225.43 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; amended November 17, 1995, effective November 18, 1995, 25 Pa.B. 5085; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203968) to (203970).
§ 225.44. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.44 adopted December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203970) to (203971).
§ § 225.51—225.53. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 225.51—225.53 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; amended December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235; amended November 17, 1995, effective November 18, 1995, 25 Pa.B. 5085; reserved September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (203971) to (203972).
§ § 225.54—225.65. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 225.54—225.65 adopted February 1, 1972, effective February 2, 1972, 2 Pa.B. 212; reserved December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (4908) to (4916).
Subchapter B. RADIATION-PRODUCING DEVICES
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Sec.
225.71. Definitions.
225.72. Duties of personnel.
225.73. Training of personnel.
225.74. Training and testing.
225.75. Audits and safety reviews of radiographers and radiographer’s assistants.
225.76. Reporting requirements.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
225.81. [Reserved].
225.82. Operating requirements.
225.83. Records required at field radiography sites.
225.84. Operating and emergency procedures.
225.85. Surveys and survey records.
225.86. Utilization logs.
225.87. Security.
225.88. Posting.
RADIATION SURVEY INSTRUMENT AND PERSONNEL MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
225.91. Radiation survey meter requirements.
225.92. Radiation survey meter calibration requirements.
225.93. Personnel monitoring control.
RADIATION-PRODUCING DEVICE REQUIREMENTS
225.101. [Reserved].
225.101a. Radiographic X-ray systems.
225.102. [Reserved].
225.103. Field radiography.
225.104. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this Subchapter B adopted September 14, 2001, effective September 15, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 5239, unless otherwise noted.
Cross References This subchapter cited in 25 Pa. Code § 225.1 (relating to purpose and scope).
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
§ 225.71. Definitions.
The following words and terms, when used in this subchapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
DRD—Direct reading dosimeter—(i) As used in this subchapter, means an ‘‘individual monitoring device’’ (see 10 CFR 20.1003 (relating to definitions)) that does not require additional processing to measure an individual’s dose.
(ii) The term also includes the direct reading personnel (individual) monitoring devices known as pocket dosimeter, pocket ionization chamber and electronic personal dosimeter (EPD).
Field radiography—A location where radiographic operations are conducted (onsite or offsite) other than those designated as a permanent radiographic facility.
Industrial radiography—An examination of the structure of materials by nondestructive methods, utilizing ionizing radiation to make radiographic images.
NVLAP—National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program.
Personal supervision—The provision of guidance and instruction to a radiographer’s assistant given by a radiographer who is:(i) Physically present at the site.
(ii) In visual contact with the radiographer’s assistant while the assistant is using radiation sources.
(iii) In proximity so that immediate assistance can be given if required.
Personnel dosimeter—As used in this subchapter, means any of the ‘‘individual monitoring devices’’ (see 10 CFR 20.1003) that shall be processed and evaluated to generate a permanent record of an individual’s dose, for example, a film badge, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) or optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD).
RSO—radiation safety officer—An individual who ensures that, in the daily operation of the registrant’s or licensee’s radiation safety program, activities are being performed in accordance with approved procedures and are in compliance with Department requirements.
Radiographer—An individual who performs radiographic operations or an individual in attendance at a site where radiation-producing devices are being used who personally supervises industrial radiographic operations.
Radiographer’s assistant—An individual who, under the personal supervision of a radiographer, uses radiation-producing devices or radiation survey instrumentation.
Radiographic operations—The activities associated with a radiation-producing device during use of the device, to include surveys to confirm adequacy of boundaries, setting up equipment and any activity inside restricted area boundaries.
Radiographic X-ray system—A system utilizing a radiation generating device for quality assurance, materials detection or nondestructive testing used in industrial settings.
Safety device—As applied to radiation-producing devices in this subchapter, a device or component that causes the unit to de-energize or interrupt the beam.
Source The provisions of this § 225.71 amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823; amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial pages (304540) to (304541).
§ 225.72. Duties of personnel.
(a) The RSO shall assure that the radiation safety program of the registrant or licensee is implemented and suspend or terminate operations that are not being conducted in accordance with approved procedures or the Department’s requirements.
(b) The radiographer is responsible to the registrant or licensee for following the procedures of the registrant or licensee and for complying with the Department’s requirements while industrial radiographic operations are being conducted.
(c) The radiographer’s assistant shall only use radiation-producing devices or radiation survey instrumentation under the personal supervision of a radiographer.
(d) [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 225.72 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (304541) to (304542).
§ 225.73. Training of personnel.
(a) A registrant may not allow an individual to act as a radiographer or radiographer’s assistant unless that individual meets the requirements of § 225.74 (relating to training and testing).
(b) Persons performing field radiography shall comply with the training requirements in Appendix A (relating to subjects to be covered during the instruction of radiographers).
Source The provisions of this 225.73 amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial page (282414).
§ 225.74. Training and testing.
(a) The registrant may not permit an individual to act as a radiographer until that individual has:
(1) Been instructed in the subjects outlined in Appendix A (relating to subjects to be covered during the instruction of radiographers).
(2) Received copies of this chapter, Chapters 219 and 220 (relating to standards for protection against radiation; and notices, instructions and reports to workers; inspections and investigations), and copies of the license or certificate of registration and the operating and emergency procedures of the registrant or licensee.
(3) Received at least 160 hours of instruction covering regulatory requirements, operating and emergency procedures and the use of radiation-producing devices and radiation survey instruments of the registrant or licensee.
(4) Demonstrated competency and understanding of the information in this subsection to the satisfaction of the registrant or licensee as evidenced by the successful completion of a written test and a field examination.
(b) The registrant or licensee may not permit an individual to act as a radiographer’s assistant until that individual has:
(1) Received copies of, and instruction in, the applicable operating and emergency procedures and has been instructed in the use of sources of radiation and radiation survey instruments of the registrant or licensee.
(2) Demonstrated that, under direct personal supervision of a radiographer, the individual is competent to use sources of radiation and radiation survey instruments as evidenced by the successful completion of a written or oral test and a field examination on the subjects relevant to being an assistant radiographer.
(c) Records of the training required under subsections (a) and (b), including copies of written tests, dates of oral tests and field examinations, shall be maintained for inspection by the Department for 5 years following termination of employment by the individual or until the registration or license is terminated.
Source The provisions of this § 225.74 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (304542) and (394143).
Cross References This section cited in 25 Pa. Code § 225.73 (relating to training of personnel).
§ 225.75. Audits and safety reviews of radiographers and radiographer’s assistants.
(a) The registrant or licensee shall review and provide for the safety and ongoing training needs of radiographers and radiographer’s assistants at least once during each calendar year.
(b) The registrant or licensee shall conduct an annual inspection program of the job performance of each radiographer and radiographer’s assistant to ensure that operating and emergency procedures and this article and registration or license requirements for the registrant or licensee are followed. This audit program shall:
(1) Include observation of the performance of each radiographer and radiographer’s assistant during an actual radiographic operation at intervals not to exceed 1 calendar year.
(2) Provide that, if a radiographer or radiographer’s assistant has not participated in a radiographic operation for more than 6 months since the last annual inspection, the individual’s performance shall be observed and recorded when the individual next participates in a radiographic operation.
(c) The registrant or licensee shall maintain records of the training set forth in subsection (b) to include certification documents, written and field examinations, annual safety reviews and annual audits of job performance. Records shall be available for inspection by the Department for 3 years following the termination of employment of the individual or until the registration or license is terminated.
§ 225.76. Reporting requirements.
(a) In addition to the reporting requirements in § § 219.221 and 219.222 (relating to reports of stolen, lost or missing licensed or registered sources of radiation; and notification of incidents and reportable events), each registrant or licensee shall provide to the Department, within 30 days of its occurrence, a written report on an incident involving the inability to terminate irradiation from a radiation-producing device.
(1) [Reserved].
(2) [Reserved].
(b) The registrant or licensee shall include the following information in each report submitted under subsection (a):
(1) A description of the equipment problem.
(2) The cause of the incident, if known or determined.
(3) The manufacturer and model number of the equipment involved.
(4) The place, date and time of the incident.
(5) Actions taken to reestablish normal operations.
(6) Corrective actions taken or planned to prevent reoccurrence.
(7) The names and qualifications of personnel involved.
(c) Reports of overexposures, required under 10 CFR 20.2202 (relating to notification of incidents) or of excessive exposures, required under 10 CFR 20.2203 (relating to reports of exposures, radiation levels and concentrations of radioactive material exceeding the limits) which involve the failure of safety components of radiography equipment shall also include, to the extent known, the information specified under subsection (b). Complete information required in subsection (b) shall be available in the 30-day follow-up report rule under 10 CFR 20.2203(a).
Authority The provisions of this § 225.81 deleted under sections 301(c) and 302(a) of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P.S. § § 7110.301(c) and 7110.302(a)); and section 1920-A of the Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 510-20).
Source The provisions of this § 225.76 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (394143) to (394144).
GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
§ 225.81. [Reserved].
Authority The provisions of this § 225.81 deleted under sections 301(c) and 302(a) of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P.S. § § 7110.301(c) and 7110.302(a)); and section 1920-A of the Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 510-20).
Source The provisions of this § 225.81 amended October 26, 2018, effective January 24, 2019, 48 Pa.B. 6791; deleted August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (394144) to (394145).
§ 225.82. Operating requirements.
(a) When field radiographic operations are performed, a minimum of two radiographic personnel shall be present to operate the X-ray device. At least one of the radiographic personnel shall be qualified as a radiographer. The other individual may be either a radiographer or a radiographer’s assistant.
(b) Other than a radiographer, or a radiographer’s assistant who is under the personal supervision of a radiographer, an individual may not manipulate the controls or operate the equipment used in industrial radiographic operations.
(c) At each job site, the following shall be supplied by the registrant or licensee:
(1) The appropriate barrier ropes and warning signs.
(2) At least one operable, calibrated radiation survey instrument.
(3) For each worker requiring monitoring, an individual personnel dosimeter that is processed and evaluated by an NVLAP processor.
(4) An operable, calibrated direct reading dosimeter with a range of zero to 200 milliroentgen (51.6 µC/kg) for each worker requiring monitoring.
(d) An industrial radiographic operation may not be performed if any of the items in subsection (c) is not available at the job site or is inoperable.
Source The provisions of this § 225.82 amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823; amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial page (304545).
§ 225.83. Records required at field radiography sites.
Each registrant or licensee conducting radiographic operations at a field radiography site shall maintain and have available for inspection by the Department at that job site, the following records or documents:
(1) The certificate of registration, license or equivalent document which authorizes radiographic operations, and radiographic personnel certifications.
(2) Operating and emergency procedures.
(3) Relevant regulations of the Department.
(4) Survey records required under this chapter for the period of operation at the site.
(5) Daily direct reading dosimeter records for the period of operation at the site.
(6) The current radiation survey meter calibration records for meters in use at the site. Acceptable records include tags or labels that are affixed to the survey meter.
Source The provisions of this § 225.83 amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial page (282417).
§ 225.84. Operating and emergency procedures.
The operating and emergency procedures of the registrant or licensee shall include instruction in at least the following:
(1) Handling and use of sources of radiation to be employed so that no individual is likely to be exposed to radiation in excess of the limits established in Chapter 219 (relating to standards for protection against radiation).
(2) Methods and occasions for conducting radiation surveys and the proper use of survey meters.
(3) Methods for controlling access to areas where radiographic operations are being conducted.
(4) Methods and occasions for locking and securing sources of radiation.
(5) Personnel monitoring and the use of individual monitoring devices, including steps that are to be taken immediately by radiographic personnel when a direct reading dosimeter is found to be off-scale.
(6) Methods and procedures for minimizing exposure to individuals in the event of an accident.
(7) The procedure for notifying proper personnel in the event of an accident.
(8) Maintenance of records required by the Department.
(9) The inspection and maintenance of radiation-producing devices and survey meters.
Source The provisions of this § 225.84 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (304546).
§ 225.85. Surveys and survey records.
(a) A survey with a calibrated radiation survey instrument shall be made after each radiographic exposure to determine that the emission of radiation has terminated.
(b) Records of the surveys required by subsection (a) shall be maintained (for inspection by the Department) for 5 years. If the survey has been used to determine an individual’s exposure, the records of the survey shall be maintained until the Department terminates the registration or license.
Source The provisions of this § 225.85 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (304546).
Cross References This section cited in 25 Pa. Code § 227a.54 (relating to permanent radiographic installations).
§ 225.86. Utilization logs.
A registrant or licensee shall maintain current logs, which shall be kept available for inspection by the Department for 5 years from the date of the event, showing for each radiation-producing device, the following applicable information:
(1) The identity (name and signature) of the operator to whom the radiation-producing device is assigned.
(2) The model and serial number of the radiation-producing device.
(3) The locations and dates of use.
(4) The technique factors (tube kilovoltage, tube current, exposure time) used for each radiographic exposure.
Source
The provisions of this § 225.86 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (304546).
§ 225.87. Security.
During each radiographic operation, the radiographer or radiographer’s assistant shall maintain direct surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a high radiation area, except when one of the following exists:
(1) The high radiation area is equipped with a control device or an alarm system as described in 10 CFR 20.1601 and 20.1902(b) (relating to control of access to high radiation areas; and posting of high radiation areas).
(2) The high radiation area is locked to protect against unauthorized or accidental entry.
§ 225.88. Posting.
Areas in which radiographic operations are being performed shall be conspicuously posted as required by 10 CFR 20.1902 (relating to posting requirements).
RADIATION SURVEY INSTRUMENT AND PERSONNEL MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
§ 225.91. Radiation survey meter requirements.
(a) A registrant or licensee shall maintain sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments to make physical radiation surveys as required by this chapter and Chapter 219 (relating to standards for the protection against radiation).
(b) A radiographic operation may not be conducted unless calibrated and operable radiation survey instrumentation is available and used at each site where radiographic operations are conducted.
(c) Immediately prior to first use at a site where radiographic operations are conducted and at the beginning of work shift changes thereafter, a radiation survey instrument shall be checked to ensure that it is operating properly by exposing the instrument to a reference source of radiation and observing its response. Instruments that fail to respond as expected may not be used.
Cross References This section cited in 25 Pa. Code § 225.92 (relating to radiation survey meter calibration requirements).
§ 225.92. Radiation survey meter calibration requirements.
(a) In addition to the requirements of § 225.91 (relating to survey meter requirements), instruments required by this chapter shall have a range so that 2 mR (0.516 µC/kg) per hour through 1 R (258 µC/kg) per hour can be measured.
(b) Each radiation instrument shall be calibrated:
(1) At energies appropriate for use.
(2) At intervals not to exceed 6 months.
(3) After each instrument servicing, other than battery replacement.
(4) To within an accuracy of +/- 20%.
(5) At two points located approximately one-third and two-thirds of full scale on each scale of linear scale instruments; at mid-range of each decade and at two points of at least 1 decade for logarithmic scale instruments; and for digital instruments, at three points between 2 mR (0.516 µC/kg) and 1,000 mR (258 µC/kg) per hour.
(6) By a person authorized by the Department, the NRC or an agreement state.
(c) Calibration records shall be maintained for inspection by the Department for 5 years after the date of calibration.
Source The provisions of this § 225.92 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (304547) to (304548).
§ 225.93. Personnel monitoring control.
(a) The registrant or licensee may not permit an individual to act as a radiographer or as a radiographer’s assistant unless, at all times during radiographic operations, each individual wears a direct reading dosimeter and a personnel dosimeter that is processed and evaluated by an NVLAP processor.
(1) Personnel monitoring devices used to determine compliance with dose limits for the whole body shall be worn on the trunk of the body over the area most likely to receive exposure.
(2) This does not relieve the registrant or licensee from providing peripheral monitoring devices such as ring finger TLDs when appropriate.
(3) Each personnel monitoring device shall be assigned to and worn by only one individual.
(b) Film badges shall be replaced at intervals not to exceed 1 month. Other personnel dosimeters processed and evaluated by an accredited NVLAP processor shall be replaced at intervals not to exceed 3 months.
(c) Direct reading dosimeters shall meet the criteria as in ANSI N13.5-1972, ‘‘Performance Specifications for Direct Reading and Indirect Reading Pocket Dosimeters for X- and Gamma-Radiation’’ published in 1972, exclusive of subsequent amendments or additions.
(d) The use of DRDs is subject to the following requirements:
(1) DRDs shall have a range of zero to 200 mR (51.6 µC/kg) and shall be rezeroed at the start of each work shift.
(2) As a minimum, at the beginning and the end of each worker’s shift involving the use of a source of radiation, DRDs shall be read and the exposure values recorded.
(3) Direct reading dosimeters shall be checked for correct response to radiation at periods not to exceed 1 year. A dosimeter may not be used for personnel monitoring unless the response is accurate within +/- 20% of the true radiation exposure. Records of dosimeter response checks shall be maintained for inspection by the Department for 5 years.
(4) If an individual’s DRD indicates exposure that is ‘‘off-scale’’ beyond the range it can measure, industrial radiographic operations by that individual shall cease immediately and the individual’s personnel dosimeter shall be sent immediately for processing. The individual may not use any sources of radiation until the individual’s radiation dose has been determined.
(e) Data on personnel exposure reported or recorded from personnel monitoring devices shall be kept for inspection by the Department until the certificate of registration or license is terminated or until the Department authorizes their disposition, in writing, following a determination by the Department that the records contain inaccurate personnel monitoring information.
Source The provisions of this § 225.93 amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (304548) and (333953).
RADIATION-PRODUCING DEVICE REQUIREMENTS
§ 225.101. [Reserved].
Authority The provisions of this § 225.101 deleted under sections 301(c) and 302(a) of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P.S. § § 7110.301(c) and 7110.302(a)); and section 1920-A of the Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 510-20).
Source The provisions of this § 225.101 amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823; deleted August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial pages (333953) to (333954).
§ 225.101a. Radiographic X-ray systems.
Radiographic X-ray systems shall conform to the following:
(1) The leakage radiation from the source assembly measured at a distance of 1 meter in any direction from the source may not exceed 100 mR (25.8 µC/kg) in 1 hour when the X-ray tube is operated at its leakage technique factors. Compliance shall be determined by measurements averaged over an area of 100 square centimeters with no linear dimension greater than 20 centimeters.
(2) The X-ray system shall be equipped with collimators which are capable of restricting the useful beam to the area of interest. Collimators shall provide the same degree of protection required in paragraph (1).
(3) A means shall be provided to terminate the exposure after a preset time, a preset to image receptor or a preset product of exposure time and tube current.
(4) The X-ray control shall have a dead-man type exposure switch.
(5) The X-ray controls shall indicate the technique factors, such as kilovoltage, tube current and exposure time or the product of tube current and exposure time.
(6) The X-ray system shall be labeled with a readily discernible sign bearing the radiation symbol and the words ‘‘CAUTION RADIATION—THIS EQUIPMENT PRODUCES RADIATION WHEN ENERGIZED’’ or words having a similar intent, near any switch that energizes the X-ray tube.
(7) For X-ray systems, an easily visible warning light shall be located adjacent to the X-ray tube and labeled with the words ‘‘X-RAY ON’’ or words having a similar intent. The warning light shall be illuminated only when the X-ray tube is energized or only when the shutter is open.
(8) The registrant shall perform radiation surveys to demonstrate compliance with 10 CFR 20.1301 (relating to dose limits for individual members of the public) and maintain records of these surveys for inspection by the Department for 5 years:
(i) upon acceptance of the equipment;
(ii) following maintenance requiring the disassembly or removal of any shielding component; and
(iii) when a visual inspection reveals an abnormal condition.
(9) The registrant shall test on-off switches, interlocks and safety devices at intervals not exceeding 1 year and make repairs as necessary to maintain all safety features including warning labels. Records of these tests shall be maintained for inspection by the Department for 5 years.
Source The provisions of this § 225.101a added August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977.
§ 225.102. [Reserved].
Authority The provisions of this § 225.102 amended under sections 301 and 302 of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P.S. § § 7110.301 and 7110.302); section 1920-A of The Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 510-20); and the Radon Certification Act (63 P.S. § § 2001—2014); deleted under sections 301(c) and 302(a) of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P.S. § § 7110.301(c) and 7110.302(a)); and section 1920-A of the Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 510-20).
Source The provisions of this § 225.102 amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823; amended May 16, 2008, effective May 17, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 2243; deleted August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial page (333954).
§ 225.103. Field radiography.
(a) The operator shall conduct a physical radiation survey to determine that the radiation source is de-energized prior to each entry into the radiographic exposure area. Survey results and records of the boundary location shall be maintained and kept available for inspection by the Department for 5 years.
(a.1) Surveillance of the exposure area shall be maintained during operation, either by visual or by other reliable means, to ensure that no person enters the area.
(a.2) With the exception of hand-held X-ray systems, when approaching the radiation source, following the conclusion of an exposure, the operator shall use a suitable calibrated and operable radiation detection instrument to verify that the radiation source is in its fully shielded condition or that the X-ray tube has been de-energized.
(a.3) A personal alarming dose rate meter shall also be worn to approach the work area if the device is appropriately designed and calibrated for the type of X-ray emitted, either pulse or continuous, set at an appropriate level to detect the presence of the source, for example 2 mrem (0.02 mSv) per hour and has been source-checked prior to use. The radiation in the work area must be reasonably uniform so that the device responds to radiation exposure to any part of the body. It may not be used to measure radiation levels, nor may it be used to indicate the presence of the source for potential non-uniform exposure, such as may occur during device maintenance or work in a radiation-producing device target area.
(a.4) Measurement of radiation levels for a radiation survey shall be performed using an appropriately calibrated radiation survey meter. A radiation survey meter shall also be used when there is potential for non-uniform exposure to personnel, such as may occur during device maintenance or work in a radiation-producing device target area.
(a.5) During the initial exposure, the radiation levels shall be measured around the perimeter of the controlled area. The perimeter shall be adjusted accordingly to meet the access control requirement for radiation areas or high radiation areas.
(a.6) The survey around the perimeter shall be made for each new operating condition and the perimeter adjusted accordingly.
(b) Mobile or portable radiation-producing devices shall be physically secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel.
Source The provisions of this § 225.103 amended July 16, 2004, effective July 17, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 3823; amended August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial page (333954).
§ 225.104. [Reserved].
Authority The provisions of this § 225.104 deleted under sections 301(c) and 302(a) of the Radiation Protection Act (35 P.S. § § 7110.301(c) and 7110.302(a)); and section 1920-A of the Administrative Code of 1929 (71 P.S. § 510.20).
Source The provisions of this § 225.104 deleted August 11, 2023, effective 90 days after publication, 53 Pa.B. 4977. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (333955) and (304551) to (304552).
APPENDIX A
Subjects to be Covered During the
Instruction of Radiographers
I. Fundamentals of Radiation Safety
A. Characteristics of radiation
B. Units of radiation dose and quantity of radioactivity
C. Significance of radiation dose
1. Radiation protection standards
2. Biological effects of radiation dose
D. Levels of radiation from radiation sources
E. Methods of controlling radiation dose
1. Working time
2. Working distances
3. Shielding
II. Radiation Detection Instrumentation to be Used
A. Use of radiation survey instruments
1. Operation
2. Calibration
3. Limitations
B. Survey techniques
C. Use of personnel monitoring equipment
1. Film badges
2. Thermoluminescent dosimeters
3. Pocket dosimeters
III. Radiographic Equipment to be Used
A. Remote handling equipment
B. Radiographic exposures devices and sealed sources
C. Storage containers
D. Operation and control of X-ray equipment
IV. The Requirements of Pertinent Federal and State Regulations
V. The Licensee’s or Registrant’s Written Operating and Emergency Procedures
VI. Inspection and Maintenance Performed by the Radiographers
VII. Case Histories of Radiography Incidents
Source The provisions of this Appendix A adopted December 18, 1987, effective December 19, 1987, 17 Pa.B. 5235.
Cross References This appendix cited in 25 Pa. Code § 225.73 (relating to training of personnel); and 25 Pa. Code § 225.74 (relating to training and testing).
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