GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 47.1. Definitions and use of terms.
The following words and terms, when used in this subchapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and shall conform to the labeling requirements indicated:
Acetate fibers or cellulose acetate—Manmade fibers, monofilaments and continuous filament yarns composed of actyelated cellulose with or without lesser amounts of nonfiber forming material.
Acrylic fibers or polyacrylic fibers—Manmade fibers made from any long chain polymers or copolymers which contain 85% or more of acrylonitrile and which are formed into a filament.
Arolac, azlon, or casein protein base fibers—Manmade fibers and filaments made from modified proteins or derivatives of proteins with or without lesser amounts of nonfiber forming material. The term azlon shall be used for labeling purposes regardless of the source of the protein.
Bulk filling materials—Bulk materials intended for use in mattresses, pillows, bolsters, feather beds and other filled bedding of any description. The term applies to cushions and all types of upholstered furniture, except cotton rolls, shredded synthetic foam and other filling materials which are sold at retail to be used and consumed in the home of the purchaser for his personal use.
Cardboard, fiberboard or corrugated cardboard—Sheets of material composed of paper, wood pulp or other materials with or without resin bonding and labeled with their appropriate name.
Cattail plant fibers—The fibers from the cattail plant, Apacynaceae Typhaceae. The material shall be labeled cattail fibers.
Cellulose fiber—The fibers obtained from wood pulp and compressed into pads. The label designation shall be cellulose fiber pad.
Cemented shredded latex foam rubber—Shredded latex foam rubber which has been cemented together.
Cemented shredded sponge rubber—Shredded sponge rubber which has been cemented together.
Cemented shredded synthetic foam—Shredded synthetic foam which has been cemented together.
Coconut husk fiber or coconut coir—The fibrous material obtained from the husks or outer shell of the coconut. Either term may be used on the tag.
Colored—A material which has been artificially dyed or colored.
Comfortable—Any cover, quilt or quilted article made of any material and stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section.
Cotton—This term shall not be used by itself.
Cotton felt or blended cotton felt—Felt made from staple cotton, cotton linters, cotton wastes or mixtures of any of those. The label designation shall be cotton felt or blended cotton felt.
Cotton linters—The fibrous growth removed from the cotton seed subsequent to the process of ginning. The term cotton linters may be used on the tag but the term linters alone shall not be used.
Cotton waste—Cotton material recovered from various machine operations used in the manufacture of cotton yarn other than cotton itself. When unfelted this material shall be designated on the tag as cotton waste.
Creped cellulose fiber—The material formed of layers of compressed and creped cellulose fiber.
Crushed feathers—Feathers which have been processed by a curling, crushing or chopping machine which has changed the original form of the feathers without removing the quill. The term also includes all of the material components resulting from this processing. The material or percentage thereof shall be designated on the label as ‘‘crushed’’ and shall be followed by the designation of ‘‘waterfowl feathers,’’ ‘‘goose feathers,’’ ‘‘duck feathers,’’ ‘‘chicken feathers,’’ ‘‘turkey feathers’’ and so forth. When the species of the crushed waterfowl feathers or crushed landfowl feathers or a percentage thereof is designated on the label, a minimum of 80% of the crushed waterfowl feathers or crushed landfowl feathers or a percentage thereof so designated must be of that species.
Curled hair—This term shall apply when any hair has been put through a curling process. The appropriate designation as to origin shall appear on the label along with this term.
Cushion—Any bag or case, transparent or opaque, and stuffed or filled with any of the materials defined in this section, to be used for resting, reclining or sleeping purposes. This term includes any preformed article made of materials defined in this section and used for reclining, resting, or sitting purposes.
Disinfection—The direct application of chemical or physical means to kill pathogenic agents.
Down—The soft undercoat of water fowl consisting of the light fluffy filament growing from one quill point but without any quill shaft. The species of the down or a percentage thereof may be designated on the label. When the species of the down or a percentage thereof is designated on the label a minimum of 80% of the down or percentage thereof so designated must be of that species. An article labeled down or a percentage thereof shall contain a minimum of 80% of down, plumules and down fiber so designated.
Excelsior—The fine shredded thread or ribbon-like fiber of wood. This term does not include waste products such as sawdust, shavings or similar materials. The term wood wool is prohibited and the label designation shall be excelsior.
Feather fiber—The detached barbs of feathers which are not joined or attached to each other.
Feathers—The terms ‘‘waterfowl feathers,’’ ‘‘landfowl feathers,’’ ‘‘goose feathers,’’ ‘‘duck feathers,’’ ‘‘chicken feathers,’’ ‘‘turkey feathers’’ and so forth, shall mean the feathers of the designated fowl which are whole in physical structure with the natural form and curvature originally found in the feathers. The species of the waterfowl feathers or percentage thereof, goose or duck, may be designated on the label. The species of the landfowl feathers or percentage thereof, chicken or turkey, shall be designated on the label. When the species of the waterfowl or landfowl feathers or percentage thereof is designated on the label, a minimum of 80% of the waterfowl feathers or landfowl feathers or a percentage thereof so designated must be of that species. Feathers, crushed feathers or down mixtures shall not be represented to contain a certain percentage of feathers, crushed feathers or down unless it in fact contains the stated percentage with due regard to the tolerances in the definitions of ‘‘down,’’ ‘‘feathers’’ and ‘‘crushed feathers.’’
Felt—Any material which has been carded into layers or sheets by a garnetting or felting machine. This term shall not be used by itself but in conjunction with the name of the materials from which it is made. This term does not include felt scraps or repicked felt.
Felted mixtures—Felt made from other than reprocessed fibers and containing the name and percentage of the fibers present, or made from reprocessed fibers containing the names and percentages of fibers present and labeled as felt made from reprocessed fibers. A tolerance of 10% shall be allowed.
Foam—A polymerized material consisting of a mass of thin-walled cells produced chemically or physically. This term shall be placed on the tag along with the name of the organic base from which it is made.
Garnetted clippings—Any new material which has been made into fabric and subsequently cut up, torn up, broken up, or ground up and which has been run through a garnetting machine and processed to a fibrous state so as to contain not more than 10% yarn or 2.0% fabric. The label designation shall be garnetted clippings.
Glass fiber—Fibers made of spun glass. This term shall appear on the tag.
Hair—The coarse, filamentous, epidermal outgrowth of animals such as horses, cattle, hogs and goats. This term shall not be used by itself but in conjunction with its particular source as follows:(i) Body hair—The short soft hair removed from the bodies of animals.
(ii) Cattle hair—The hair from the tails of cattle.
(iii) Goat hair—The hair from any species.
(iv) Hog hair—The bristles and body hair of swine.
(v) Horse hair—The hair of the manes or tails of horses.
Hair and fiber blends—The use of filling material of any origin in a mixture with hair. The kind and percentage by weight of each component of the mixture shall be designated on the label, and a tolerance of 10% shall be allowed.
Hair blends—The use of two different origins of hair in a blend or mixture. The kind and percentage by weight of each shall be stated on the label, and a tolerance of 10% shall be allowed.
Hair pad—Hair which is interwoven or punched on burlap or any other woven material or otherwise fabricated into a pad. Percentages of component materials shall reflect the hair and fiber content only.
Hay—Grass, properly cured, dried and free from dust, dirt, burrs, sticks or other objectionable material. This term shall be designated on the tag.
Jute—The fiber obtained from various species of corchorus plants.
Jute pad—A pad made of jute fibers.
Jute waste—The byproduct of rope or cordage, reclaimed rope ends or other fabricated material which have not previously been used for bailing or other purposes.
Kapok—The fibrous growth contained in the pod of the Kapok tree, genus Ceiba Pentenda. This term shall be designated on the tag, and the use of the term silk floss is prohibited.
Latex foam rubber—Natural or synthetic rubber latex which has been converted from a liquid state to a stable foamy mass and molded or otherwise assembled into suitable shapes for commercial use.
Mattress—Any quilted pad, mattress, mattress pad, crib pad, mattress protector, bunk quilt or box spring stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section, to be used on a couch or other bed for sleeping or reclining purposes.
Milkweed—The fibrous growth attached to the seed within the pod of the milkweed plant, genus Asclepias.
Moss—The material derived from the epiphte Tillandsia Useoides.
New—Any material which has not been previously used for any purpose including by-products produced in the manufacture of new textile materials or fabrics and material reclaimed from new fabrics.
Nylon fibers—anmade fibers made from any long synthetic polymeric amide which has recurring amide groups as an integral part of the main polymer chain and which is formed into a filament. This term or the term polymide fiber may be used on the tag.
Palm fiber—The fibrous material obtained from the leaf of the palm, palmetto or palmyra tree.
Person—Persons, partnerships, companies, corporations or associations.
Pillow, bolster, feather bed or sleeping bags—Any bag, case or covering made of any material, transparent or opaque, and stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section to be used on a bed, couch, divan, sofa, lounge or other article of furniture for sleeping or reclining purposes.
Polyester fibers—Manmade fibers made from a long chain synthetic polymer which contains 85% or more of the polymeric ester produced from the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol or other dyhydric alcohols and dicarboxylic acids or produced from hydroxy acids and which is formed into a filament. This term shall be used on the tag.
Polyethylene fibers—Manmade fibers made from long chain polymers of ethylene and made into a filament. This term shall be used on the tag.
Polyurethane fibers—Manmade fibers made from the copolymenzation of disocyanates and alcohols of diisocyanates and polyesters and formed into filaments. This term shall be used on the tag.
Polyvinyl fibers—Manmade fibers made from copolymerization of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and acrylontrile, after chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and copolymers of vinylidene chloride and other monomers and made into filaments. This term shall be used on the tag.
Quill feathers—The wing and tail feathers of any fowl. This term shall be designated on the tag.
Rayon—anmade fibers, monofilaments and continuous filament yarns composed of regenerated cellulose, with or without lesser amounts of nonfiber-forming materials. The terms cellulose or rayon fibers may be used on the tag.
Redwood bark fibers—The fibers obtained from the bark of the California Redwood tree, genus Sequoia Sempervirens.
Reprocessed fibers—Fibers reclaimed from any spun, knitted or woven product which is new. This term applies equally to fibers reclaimed from garnetted clippings, yarns or nappers. The names of the reprocessed fibers shall be set forth on the tag and the percentages of each given if more than one fiber is present.
Reprocessed jute—Jute fibers reclaimed from unused fabric, cordage or other similar material. This term shall be designated on the tag.
Resin treated cotton felt—Cotton impregnated with vinyl or other resins.
Rubberized hair or rubberized curled hair—Any hair treated with natural or synthetic latex. When hair is rubberized, the label designation shall be rubberized hair, or if curled, rubberized curled hair, with the appropriate designation indicating its origin.
Rubberized hair pieces—Trimmings and pieces of rubberized hair of indefinite size. The material shall be designated on the label as rubberized hair pieces or rubberized curled hair pieces, whichever term is applicable. When shredded, this material shall be labeled shredded rubberized hair. The term curled shall not be used.
Sea grass—Any material obtained from maritime plants or seaweeds. This term shall appear on the tag.
Secondhand—Any materials previously used for any purpose. Manufacturing process shall not constitute prior use.
Shredded clippings—Any new fabric made from new materials which has been subsequently cut up, ground up, torn up or broken up and which contains more than 10% yarn or 2% fabric. This term shall be designated on the label.
Shredded latex foam rubber—Latex foam rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process.
Shredded sponge rubber—Sponge rubber which has been subjected to a shredding process.
Shredded synthetic foam—Synthetic foams which have been subjected to a shredding process.
Shoddy—Any material made from secondhand rags, clothing, yarn, fabric, clippings or nappings by a process of grinding, tearing, or breaking up. This material shall be sterilized. A yellow label shall be used with this designation on all secondhand material consisting of shoddy.
Silk waste—The byproducts recovered from various machine operations necessary in the manufacture of threads of natural silk. This term shall appear on the tag.
Sisal—The fiber obtained from the Agave plant. This term applies only to new material. If the material is made of waste or reclaimed fibers, the term, ‘‘reprocessed sisal fibers,’’ shall be used on the tag.
Sisal shoddy—Reclaimed used cordage or other sisal material which has been fabricated and used for baling or other purposes and which shall be sterilized before use.
Sponge rubber—Natural or synthetic solid rubber expanded into a cellular foam and molded or otherwise assembled into suitable shapes for commercial use.
Staple cotton—The fibrous growth removed from the cotton seed by ginning. This term may be used on the tag.
Starch fibers—Fibers made from long chains of amylose acetate units or regenerated amylose. This term shall be used on the tag.
Steel wool—Fibrous material made from very fine steel wire. Either this term or the term steel fiber may appear on the tag.
Sterilization—Any process which destroys bacteria—micro-organisms—not necessarily bacterial spones.
Stripped feathers—The barbs of feathers stripped by any process from the quill shaft but not separated into feather fiber.
Straw—The stalk or stem of grain such as wheat, rye, oats, rice, and the like after threshing. This term shall be designated on the tag. The kind of straw need not be designated but, if so indicated, shall be a true statement. The straw shall be free from chaff, beards, bristles, husks, glumes, dirt or other extraneous matter.
Synthetic fibers—Any other synthetic fiber not defined in this section.
Synthetic foam—Material made or synthetic products other than synthetic rubber and produced in a resilient foam-like state. This term shall not be used by itself. The label designation shall include terms describing the recurring units or groups of the polymerized product. For example, the foam derived from polyesters and diisocyanate shall be termed polyurethane foam.
Tampico tula—The fibers from the leaves of plants such as Agave Iophantha or Hesperaloe Funifera. The term ‘‘tampico’’ shall be used on the tag, and if curled, the term ‘‘curled tampico’’ may be used.
Tanners wool—The growth of wool removed from tanned sheep skins. This term shall be designated on the tag and classed as a new material.
Tow—The fibrous coarse straw-like part of a plant recovered as a byproduct in securing commercial fibers and shall be further designated by the plant origin.
Upholstered furniture—Any article of furniture stuffed or filled with any of the filling materials defined in this section, to be used for sitting, resting or reclining purposes.
Wood fiber—Wood comminuted or reduced to a splintered or fragment piece of finer texture than excelsior.
Wool blend—The byproducts recovered from the various machine operations necessary in the manufacture of wool yarn or the byproduct of the tanned sheep hide industry, except tanners’ wool. This term includes wool noils and may be used on the tag.
Wool or virgin wool—Fleece of sheep or lamb scoured or scoured and carbonized and free from kemp and vegetable matter. This term shall not apply to the byproduct of any process of manufacture or sustained prior use. Either term may be used on the tag.
Source The provisions of this § 47.1 amended September 17, 1976 , 6 Pa.B. 2278. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (9177) to (9183).
Cross References This section cited in 34 Pa. Code § 47.21 (relating to terminology for fillings); and 34 Pa. Code § 47.26 (relating to hair).
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