PART D(1). Arrests With a Warrant
Rule 430. Issuance of Warrant.
(A) ARREST WARRANTS INITIATING PROCEEDINGS
A warrant for the arrest of the defendant shall be issued when:
(1) the citation or summons is returned undelivered; or
(2) the issuing authority has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant will not obey a summons.
(B) BENCH WARRANTS
(1) A bench warrant shall be issued when:
(a) the defendant fails to respond to a citation or summons that was served upon the defendant personally or by certified mail return receipt requested; or
(b) the defendant has failed to appear for the execution of sentence as required in Rule 454(F)(3).
(2) A bench warrant may be issued when a defendant has entered a not guilty plea and fails to appear for the summary trial, if the issuing authority determines, pursuant to Rule 455(A), that the trial should not be conducted in the defendant’s absence.
(3) A bench warrant may be issued when:
(a) the defendant has entered a guilty plea by mail and the money forwarded with the plea is less than the amount of the fine and costs specified in the citation or summons; or
(b) the defendant has been sentenced to pay restitution, a fine, or costs and has defaulted on the payment; or
(c) the issuing authority has, in the defendant’s absence, tried and sentenced the defendant to pay restitution, and/or to pay a fine and costs and the collateral deposited by the defendant is less than the amount of the fine and costs imposed.
(4) No warrant shall issue under paragraph (B)(3) unless the defendant has been given notice in person or by first class mail that failure to pay the amount due or to appear for a hearing may result in the issuance of a bench warrant, and the defendant has not responded to this notice within 10 days. Notice by first class mail shall be considered complete upon mailing to the defendant’s last known address.
Comment Personal service of a citation under paragraph (B)(1) is intended to include the issuing of a citation to a defendant as provided in Rule 400 and the rules of Chapter 4, Part B(1).
When the defendant is under 18 years of age, and the defendant has failed to respond to the citation, the issuing authority must issue a summons as provided in Rule 403(B)(4)(a). If the defendant fails to respond to the summons, the issuing authority should issue a warrant as provided in either paragraph (A)(1) or (B)(1).
A bench warrant may not be issued under paragraph (B)(1) when a defendant fails to respond to a citation or summons that was served by first class mail. See Rule 451.
Nothing in this rule is intended to preclude a judicial district from utilizing the United States Postal Service’s return receipt electronic option, or any similar service that electronically provides a return receipt, when using certified mail, return receipt requested.
Rule 454 provides that the issuing authority is to direct any defendant who is sentenced to a term of imprisonment to appear for the execution of sentence on a date certain following the expiration of the 30-day stay required by Rule 461. Paragraph (B)(1)(b), formerly paragraph (A)(1)(d), was added in 2003 to make it clear that an issuing authority should issue a warrant for the arrest of any defendant who fails to appear for the execution of sentence.
Ordinarily, pursuant to Rule 455, the issuing authority must conduct a summary trial in the defendant’s absence. However, if the issuing authority determines that there is a likelihood that the sentence will include imprisonment or that there is other good cause not to conduct the summary trial, the issuing authority may issue a bench warrant for the arrest of the defendant pursuant to paragraph (B)(2) in order to bring the defendant before the issuing authority for the summary trial.
The bench warrant issued under paragraph (B)(3) should state the amount required to satisfy the sentence.
When a defendant is arrested pursuant to paragraph (B)(3), the issuing authority must conduct a hearing to determine whether the defendant is able to pay the amount of restitution, fine, and costs that is due. See Rule 456.
Except in cases brought pursuant to the Public School Code of 1949, 24 P.S. § 1-102 et seq., in which the defendant is at least 15 years of age but not yet 17, if the defendant is under 18 years of age and has not paid the fine and costs, the issuing authority must issue the notice required by paragraph (B)(4) to the defendant and the defendant’s parents, guardian, or other custodian informing the defendant and defendant’s parents, guardian, or other custodian that, if payment is not received or the defendant does not appear within the 10-day time period, the issuing authority will certify notice of the failure to pay to the court of common pleas as required by the Juvenile Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6302, definition of ‘‘delinquent act,’’ paragraph (2)(iv). Thereafter, the case will proceed pursuant to the Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure and the Juvenile Act instead of these rules.
If the defendant is charged with a violation of the compulsory attendance requirements of the Public School Code of 1949, 24 P.S. § 1-102, et seq.; has attained the age of 15 but is not yet 17; and has failed to pay the fine, the issuing authority must issue the notice required by paragraph (B)(4) to the defendant and the defendant’s parents, guardian, or other custodian informing the defendant and defendant’s parents, guardian, or other custodian that, if payment is not received or the defendant does not appear within the 10-day time period, the issuing authority may refer the defendant for commencement of dependency proceedings under 42 Pa.C.S. § 6303(a)(1). See 24 P.S. § 13-1333.3(f)(2) that provides for the adoption of a local policy for the referral of a case where a child has failed to satisfy a fine or costs to a juvenile probation officer for the commencement of dependency proceedings.
If the defendant is 18 years of age or older when the default in payment occurs, the issuing authority must proceed under these rules.
When contempt proceedings are also involved, see Chapter 1 Part D for the issuance of arrest warrants.
See Rule 431 for the procedures when a warrant of arrest is executed.
Official Note
Rule 75 adopted July 12, 1985, effective January 1, 1986; effective date extended to July 1, 1986; amended January 31, 1991, effective July 1, 1991; amended April 18, 1997, effective July 1, 1997; amended October 1, 1997, effective October 1, 1998; amended July 2, 1999, effective August 1, 1999; renumbered Rule 430 and amended March 1, 2000, effective April 1, 2001; amended February 28, 2003, effective July 1, 2003; Comment revised August 7, 2003, effective July 1, 2004; Comment revised April 1, 2005, effective October 1, 2005; amended June 30, 2005, effective August 1, 2006; amended January 26, 2007, effective February 1, 2008; Comment revised September 18, 2008, effective February 1, 2009; Comment revised January 17, 2013, effective May 1, 2013; Comment revised December 21, 2018, effective May 1, 2019.
Committee Explanatory Reports:
Report explaining the January 31, 1991 amendments published at 20 Pa.B. 4788 (September 15, 1990); Supplemental Report published at 21 Pa.B. 621 (February 16, 1991).
Final Report explaining the April 18, 1997 amendments concerning arrest warrants when defendant fails to appear for trial published with the Court’s Order at 27 Pa.B. 2117 (May 3, 1997).
Final Report explaining the October 1, 1997 amendments in paragraph (3) and the provisions of new paragraph (4) published with the Court’s Order at 27 Pa.B. 5414 (October 18, 1997).
Final Report explaining the July 2, 1999 amendments to paragraph (3)(c) and the Comment concerning restitution published with the Court’s Order at 29 Pa.B. 3718 (July 17, 1999).
Final Report explaining the March 1, 2000 reorganization and renumbering of the rules published with the Court’s Order at 30 Pa.B. 1478 (March 18, 2000).
Final Report explaining the February 28, 2003 amendments adding paragraph (A)(1)(d) published with the Court’s Order at 33 Pa.B. 1326 (March 15, 2003).
Final Report explaining the August 7, 2003 new Comment language concerning failure to pay fines and costs by juveniles published with the Court’s Order at 33 Pa.B. 4293 (August 30, 2003).
Final Report explaining the April 1, 2005 Comment revision concerning application of the Juvenile Court Prodedural Rules published with the Court’s Order at 35 Pa.B. 2213 (April 16, 2005).
Final Report explaining the June 30, 2005 changes distinguishing between warrants that initiate proceedings and bench warrants in summary cases published with the Court’s Order at 35 Pa.B. 3911 (July 16, 2005).
Final Report explaining the change to the Rule 454 reference in paragraph (B)(1)(b) with the Court’s Order at 37 Pa.B. 760 (February 17, 2007).
Final Report explaining the September 18, 2008 revision of the Comment concerning the United States Postal Service’s return receipt electronic option published with the Court’s Order at 38 Pa.B. 5428 (October 4, 2008).
Final Report explaining the January 17, 2013 revision of the Comment concerning the Public School Code of 1949 published with the Court’s Order at 43 Pa.B. 656 (February 2, 2013).
Final Report explaining the December 21, 2018 revision of the Comment concerning commencement of dependency proceedings published with the Court’s Order at 49 Pa.B. 196 (January 12, 2019).
Source The provisions of this Rule 430 amended February 28, 2003, effective July 1, 2003, 33 Pa.B. 1324; amended August 11, 2003, effective July 1, 2004, 33 Pa.B. 4289; amended April 1, 2005, effective October 1, 2005, 35 Pa.B. 2210; amended June 30, 2005, effective August 1, 2006, 35 Pa.B. 3901; amended February 16, 2007, effective February 1, 2008, 37 Pa.B. 752; amended September 18, 2008, effective February 1, 2009, 38 Pa.B. 5425; amended January 17, 2013, effective May 1, 2013, 43 Pa.B. 654; amended December 21, 2018, effective May 1, 2019, 49 Pa.B. 190. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (380200), (365831) to (365832) and (376755).
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