CHAPTER 14. SPECIAL EDUCATION SERVICES
AND PROGRAMSSec.
14.1. [Reserved].
14.2. [Reserved].
14.3—14.8 Reserved].
14.21—14.23 [Reserved].
14.24. [Reserved].
14.25. [Reserved].
14.31. [Reserved].
14.32. [Reserved].
14.33. [Reserved].
14.34. [Reserved].
14.35. [Reserved].
14.36. [Reserved].
14.37. [Reserved].
14.38. [Reserved].
14.39. [Reserved].
14.41. [Reserved].
14.42. [Reserved].
14.43. [Reserved].
14.44. [Reserved].
14.45. [Reserved].
14.51 and 14.52. [Reserved].
14.53. [Reserved].
14.54—14.56 [Reserved].
14.61. [Reserved].
14.62. [Reserved].
14.63. [Reserved].
14.64. [Reserved].
14.65. [Reserved].
14.66. [Reserved].
14.67. [Reserved].
14.68. [Reserved].
14.71. [Reserved].
14.72—14.74 [Reserved].
GENERAL PROVISIONS
14.101. Definitions.
14.102. Purposes.
14.103. Terminology related to Federal regulations.
14.104. Special education plans.
14.105. Personnel.
14.106. Access to instructional materials.
14.107. Complaint procedure.
14.108. Access to classrooms.
CHILD FIND, SCREENING AND EVALUATION
14.121. Child find.
14.122. Screening.
14.123. Evaluation.
14.124. Reevaluation.
14.125. Criteria for the determination of specific learning disabilities.
IEP
14.131. IEP.
14.132. ESY.
14.133. Positive behavior support.
EDUCATIONAL PLACEMENT
14.141. [Reserved].
14.142. [Reserved].
14.143. Disciplinary placements.
14.144. Facilities.
14.145. Least restrictive environment requirements.
14.146. Age range restrictions.
EARLY INTERVENTION
14.151. Purpose.
14.152. Child find, public awareness and screening.
14.153. Evaluation.
14.154. IEP.
14.155. Range of services.
14.156. System of quality assurance.
14.157. Exit criteria.
14.158. Data collection.
PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS
14.161. [Reserved].
14.162. Impartial due process hearing and expedited due process hearing.
14.163. Resolution session.Authority The provisions of this Chapter 14 issued under sections 502, 925, 1001, 1002, 1052, 1054—1060, 1066—1068, 1142, 1146, 1162, 1326—1330, 1371—1382, 1401—1422, 2509—2510.1, 2541 and 2601-B—2606-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 5-502, 9-925, 10-1001, 10-1002, 10-1052, 10-1054—10-1057, 10-1059—10-1060, 10-1066—10-1068, 11-1142, 11-1146, 11-1162, 13-1326—13-1330, 13-1371—13-1382, 14-1401—14-1422, 25-2509—25-2510.1, 25-2541 and 26-2601-B—26-2606-B), unless otherwise noted.
Source The provisions of this Chapter 14 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339, unless otherwise noted.
Notes of Decisions Appropriate Educational Placement
In failing to implement the evaluation, notice and other procedural requirements under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C.A. § 1400 et seq.), and this chapter, the school district failed to provide an appropriate educational placement, as required by 20 U.S.C.A. § 1412, after it was notified of these students’ potentially handicapping conditions. Therefore, compensatory education and reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses were appropriately granted. Punxsutawney Area Sch. Dist. v. Kanouff, 663 A.2d 831 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995).
The purpose of this chapter is to specify how the Commonwealth will meet its obligation to both suspected and identified exceptional students and to provide appropriate, quality education services. That obligation entails an evaluation and screening process, including a multidisciplinary evaluation, which is mandated by both state and Federal law. Thereafter, the school district must develop a written plan for the appropriate education for the student, which must be in the least restrictive environment, in order to guarantee a free appropriate public education to the child. Punxsutawney Area Sch. Dist. v. Kanouff, 663 A.2d 831 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995).
Evidence
It was not within the district court’s discretion to reject the parents’ offer of additional evidence without even evaluating it for its admissibility where the parents claimed that the child was mentally gifted but afflicted with a specific learning disability that thereby entitled the child to special education. However, because at least some of the parents’ proffered additional evidence was acquired after the school district’s decision regarding the child’s need for special education, such evidence should be examined carefully and may be considered only with respect to the reasonableness of the district’s decision at the time it was made. Of course, this caveat does not mean that the court cannot exclude evidence that could have been available when the school district made its decision. Susan N. v. Wilson School District, 70 F.3d 751 (3d Cir. Pa. 1995).
Exhaustion of Remedies
Where relief is available under the administrative process, a plaintiff must first utilize the available administrative process, even if the remedies available are not the remedies desired. Lindsley v. Girard School District, 213 F. Supp.2d 523 (W. D. Pa. 2002).
Private School Education
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C.A. § 1400 et seq.), and these regulations, emphasize procedural safeguards to ensure parental participation in the administrative process; thus, the due process hearing also required cannot suffice for the school district’s earlier failures to follow the statutorily mandated procedures and provide appropriate placement as required by the law. Punxsutawney Area Sch. Dist. v. Kanouff, 663 A.2d 831 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995).
Upon turning 3 years old, a minor child with a pervasive development disorder was entitled to remain in an educational program at a private school, even though the public school developed appropriate education programs, when the public school failed to provide appropriate public education at the beginning of the school year. Delaware County Intermediate Unit No. 25 v. Martin K., 831 F. Supp. 1206 (E. D. Pa. 1993).
Cross References This chapter cited in 22 Pa. Code § 4.31 (relating to career and technical education); 22 Pa. Code § 4.51 (relating to State assessment system); 22 Pa. Code § 11.27 (relating to graduation); 22 Pa. Code § 12.1 (relating to free education and attendance); 22 Pa. Code § 15.2 (relating to definitions); 22 Pa. Code § 15.8 (relating to procedural safeguards); 22 Pa. Code § 15.10 (relating to discrimination claims); 22 Pa. Code § 15.11 (relating to rules of construction); 22 Pa. Code § 16.7 (relating to special education); 22 Pa. Code § 16.31 (relating to general); 22 Pa. Code § 171.15 (relating to evaluation); 22 Pa. Code § 171.16 (relating to assignment); 22 Pa. Code § 171.18 (relating to withdrawal); 22 Pa. Code § 171.23 (relating to application for approved private school status); 22 Pa. Code § 181.4 (relating to free public education); 22 Pa. Code § 405.2 (relating to definitions); 22 Pa. Code § 711.2 (relating to purposes and intent); and 55 Pa. Code § 3800.229 (relating to education).
§ 14.1. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.1 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339; amended October 11, 1991, effective October 12, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 4830; amended December 18, 1992, effective December 19, 1992, 22 Pa.B. 6030; amended January 7, 1993, effective January 8, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 144; amended February 20, 1998, effective February 21, 1998, 28 Pa.B. 1002; amended December 8, 2000, effective December 9, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 6330; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271464) to (271470).
Notes of Decisions Exceptional Child
One of the goals of the Department of Education is to provide all exceptional children in this Commonwealth with an ‘‘appropriate’’ educational program, as defined by Department regulations. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469, 1037 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001); appeal denied 788 A.2d 382 (Pa. 2001).
Individual suffering from Down’s Syndrome and cerebral palsy qualifies for ‘‘exceptional’’ child status under this regulation. Drinker v. Colonial Sch. Dist., 888 F. Supp. 674 (E. D. Pa. 1995); affirmed and remanded 78 F.3d 859 (3rd. Cir. 1996).
Regular Education Environment
The Special Education Due Process Appeals Panel of the Department of Education exceeded its authority in fashioning a remedy that requires college-level instruction and private tutoring, where, as applied to the gifted child, compensatory education is limited to education available within the curriculum of the school district. Brownsville Area School District v. Student X, 729 A.2d 198 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999); appeal denied 745 A.2d 1225 (Pa. 1999).
School District Cooperation
A school district is not required to create a Life Skills Support program within its own district; thus, sending a student to a nearby school district satisfied the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Act. Cheltenham School District v. Joel P. ex rel. Suzanne P., 949 F. Supp. 346 (E. D. Pa. 1996); affirmed 135 F.3d 763 (3rd Cir. 1997).
Transportation for Special Education Students
A school district is not obligated to provide transportation for a special education student to and from the residence of both the student’s father and mother when the father resides outside the boundaries of the district. North Allegheny School District v. Gregory, 687 A.2d 37 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996); appeal denied 702 A.2d 1062 (Pa. 1997).
School district boundaries are not determinative of a district’s obligation to meet a particular request for transportation as a related service. Clearly, when necessary to some integral part of the student’s special educational needs, a district must provide related services even where this imposes a substantial burden on the district. North Allegheny School District v. Gregory, 687 A.2d 37 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996).
§ 14.2. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.2 amended December 8, 2000, effective December 9, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 6330; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271470) to (271471).
Notes of Decisions Exceptional Child
The primary responsibility for identifying all exceptional children and developing educational programs to meet their needs rests with the local school district. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469, 1037 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001); appeal denied 788 A.2d 382 (Pa. 2001).
Gifted Child
The Special Education Due Process Appeals Panel of the Department of Education exceeded its authority in fashioning a remedy that requires college-level instruction and private tutoring, where, as applied to the gifted child, compensatory education is limited to education available within the curriculum of the school district. Brownsville Area School District v. Student X, 729 A.2d 198 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999); appeal denied 745 A.2d 1225 (Pa. 1999).
§ § 14.3—14.8. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 14.3—14.8 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271471) to (271474).
§ § 14.21—14.23. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 14.21—14.23 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271474) to (271475).
§ 14.24. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.24 amended December 8, 2000, effective December 9, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 6330; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271475) to (271476).
§ 14.25. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.25 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339; amended October 11, 1991, effective October 12, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 4830; amended December 18, 1992, effective December 19, 1992, 22 Pa.B. 6030; amended December 8, 2000, effective December 9, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 6330; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271476) to (271479).
§ 14.31. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.31 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (242017).
§ 14.32. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.32 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339; amended October 11, 1991, effective October 12, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 4830; amended December 18, 1992, effective December 19, 1992, 22 Pa.B. 6030; amended January 7, 1994, effective January 8, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 144; amended February 20, 1998, effective February 21, 1998, 28 Pa.B. 1002; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (242017) to (242018) and (256361) to (256363).
Notes of Decisions Assistants
This section does not incorporate all possible related service personnel into the list of individuals whose salaries and retirement fund payments will be reimbursed by the Commonwealth; therefore, ‘‘assistants’’ did not include physical therapists, psychiatrists and the like. Bethlehem Area School District v. Carroll, 616 A.2d 737 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1992).
Cover Pages
The school district failed to provide an exceptional student with a free appropriate public education (FAPE), where its individualized education program (IEP) was procedurally deficient because a certified school psychologist was not part of the Multiple Disciplinary Team, the required cover pages of the IEP which detail the type of program being offered, the related services, the duration of the IEP, various services that needed to be considered and reviewed and the like were noticeably absent, no Notice of Recommended Assignment was ever proffered by the district to the family, and there is no evidence in the record that the district ever attempted to go to the student’s school in order to develop further the Comprehensive Evaluation Report (CER) through the use of its own psychologist and other staff, and where the CER and the IEP devised by the district also failed to meet substantive requirements because the degree of need in the CER were sketchy and thin, the IEP was vague, failed to address a means of handling the student’s emotional and behavioral disorders and contained immeasurable standards. Cumberland Valley School District v. Lynn T., 725 A.2d 215 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999).
Overpayments
As the approved private school failed to establish a basis for an allocation of allowable costs alternative to the equivalent full-time student (EFTS) reimbursement entitlement formula which the auditor applied in concluding that the Department of Education had overpaid the school, the Court properly determined that the school must reimburse the Department of Education for overpayments which the school received for tuition and maintenance of approved special education pupils enrolled at the school. Community Country Day School v. Department of Education, 641 A.2d 1282 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994).
Reimbursement Appropriate
The school district failed to meet its obligations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act for the 1994-95 school year because it did not make any formal offer of educational placement for the student until April 1995, 10 months after the school district offered an inappropriate placement and nearly 7 months after the hearing officer determined that the offered placement was inappropriate and ordered the school district to provide an appropriate educational program. Thus, the parent was entitled to reimbursement of tuition expenses at the private school which offered an appropriate education. Christen G. v. Lower Merion School Dist., 919 F. Supp. 793 (E. D. 1996).
Reimbursement Inappropriate
Although the parent disagreed with the emotional support component of the Individualized Education Plan, the school district’s plan was reasonably calculated to enable the student to receive educational benefits and was a free appropriate public education; thus, the parent was not entitled to tuition reimbursement for private education. Christen G. v. Lower Merion School Dist., 919 F. Supp. 793 (1996).
Religious Schools
Reimbursement to a parent for the cost of educating their child at a Quaker sponsored school where the school district failed to offer a free appropriate public education in accordance with its obligations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act did not violate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution by having a principal or primary effect that advances religion. Such reimbursement did not in any way advance religion and the only matter advanced was the determination by Congress that a disabled child should receive a free appropriate public education. Christen G. v. Lower Merion School Dist., 919 F. Supp. 793 (1996).
§ 14.33. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.33 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (256363).
Notes of Decisions Transportation for Special Education Students
School district boundaries are not determinative of a district’s obligation to meet a particular request for transportation as a related service. Clearly, where necessary to some integral part of the student’s special educational needs, a district must provide related services even where this imposes a substantial burden on the district. North Allegheny School District v. Parents, 687 A.2d 37 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996); appeal denied 702 A.2d 1062 (Pa. 1997).
A school district is not obligated to provide transportation for a special education student to and from the residence of both the student’s father and mother when the father resides outside the boundaries of the district. North Allegheny School District v. Parents, 687 A.2d 37 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996).
§ 14.34. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.34 amended February 20, 1998, effective February 21, 1998, 28 Pa.B. 1002; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (256364).
§ 14.35. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.35 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339; amended October 11, 1991, effective October 12, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 4830; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (249383) to (249384).
Notes of Decisions In school suspensions are considered defacto suspensions when the child repeatedly leaves school instead of attending the suspension. Defacto suspension days are included in calculating the allowable 15 cumulative absent days per year. Big Beaver Falls Area School District v. Jackson, 624 A.2d 806 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993); appeal denied 636 A.2d 635 (Pa. 1993).
§ 14.36. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.36 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (249384).
Notes of Decisions Failure to Include Program
School district’s failure to include individualized behavior management programs in a student’s individualized education programs and failure to conduct a neurological evaluation to determine a possible effect of the student’s head injury despite its knowledge of that injury was a violation and established that the school district failed to take reasonable steps to mainstream the dent in the regular classroom with supplementary aids and services. Millersburg Area School District v. Lynda T., 707 A.2d 572 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1998); appeal denied by 725 A.2d 1223 (Pa. 1998).
§ 14.37. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.37 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (249384) and (271481).
§ 14.38. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.38 amended December 8, 2000, effective December 9, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 6330; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (271481).
§ 14.39. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.39 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271481) to (271482).
§ 14.41. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.41 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (271482).
Notes of Decisions Placement
Even where the family sends an exceptional child to private school, the public school District is still obligated to provide special education and early intervention programs and services for the child. However, providing those services and programs at the District, and not at the private school, satisfies that obligation. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469, 1037 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001); appeal denied 788 A.2d 382 (Pa. 2001).
Where the District conducts speech and language classes appropriate for an exceptional student enrolled in a private school, that student must receive an equal opportunity to participate in those classes. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001).
Placement in a private school, with the District bearing the responsibility for the attendant tuition, will only be approved if neither the local school district nor its supporting IU can provide an appropriate education for the child in question. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001).
§ 14.42. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.42 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271482) to (271483) and (256365) to (256366).
Notes of Decisions Notice of Recommended Assignment
The school district failed to provide an exceptional student with a free appropriate public education (FAPE), where its individualized education program (IEP) was procedurally deficient because a certified school psychologist was not part of the Multiple Disciplinary Team, the required cover pages of the IEP which detail the type of program being offered, the related services, the duration of the IEP, various services that needed to be considered and reviewed and the like were noticeably absent, no Notice of Recommended Assignment was ever proffered by the district to the family, and there is no evidence in the record that the district ever attempted to go to the student’s school in order to develop further the Comprehensive Evaluation Report (CER) through the use of its own psychologist and other staff, and where the CER and the IEP devised by the district also failed to meet substantive requirements because the degree of need in the CER were sketchy and thin, the IEP was vague, failed to address a means of handling the student’s emotional and behavioral disorders and contained immeasurable standards. Cumberland Valley School District v. Lynn T., 725 A.2d 215 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999).
Placement
Placement in a private school, with the district bearing the responsibility for the attendant tuition, will only be approved if neither the local school district nor its supporting IU can provide an appropriate education for the child in question. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469, 1037 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001); appeal denied 788 A.2d 382 (Pa. 2001).
Tuition Reimbursement
Mother of a student was entitled to reimbursement for tuition she paid to an out-of-State residential educational facility, where the program offered by the school district had not been effective because the student’s social and emotional needs were not addressed by his individual educational program (IEP) and because his behavior continued to worsen. Stroudsburg Area School District v. Jared M., 712 A.2d 807 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1998).
§ 14.43. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.43 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (256366) to (256367).
Notes of Decisions Placement
Placement in a private school, with the district bearing the responsibility for the attendant tuition, will only be approved if neither the local school district nor its supporting IU can provide an appropriate education for the child in question. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469, 1037 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001); appeal denied 788 A.2d 382 (Pa. 2001).
§ 14.44. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.44 amended January 7, 1994, effective January 8, 1994, 24 Pa.B. 144; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (256367) and (202979).
Notes of Decisions Placement
Placement in a private school, with the district bearing the responsibility for the attendant tuition, will only be approved if neither the local school district nor its supporting IU can provide an appropriate education for the child in question. Veschi v. Northwestern Lehigh School District, 772 A.2d 469, 1037 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001); appeal denied 788 A.2d 382 (Pa. 2001).
§ 14.45. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.45 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (202979).
§ § 14.51 and 14.52. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 14.51 and 14.52 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (202979) to (202980).
§ 14.53. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.53 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339; amended October 11, 1991, effective October 12, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 4830; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (202980) to (202982).
§ § 14.54—14.56. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 14.54—14.56 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (202982) to (202986).
§ 14.61. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.61 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (202986) and (267309) to (267310).
§ 14.62. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.62 amended December 18, 1992, effective December 19, 1992, 22 Pa.B. 6030; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (267310).
§ 14.63. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.63 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (267310) to (267311) and (202989).
Notes of Decision Consumer Complaint
Parents/complainants had no right to appeal a determination of a consumer complaint in which the parents alleged a general failure to provide a preconference hearing and a due process hearing. Complainants are not considered a ‘‘party’’ to a proceeding before the Department upon the filing of a consumer complaint and, therefore, may not file an appeal of a decision. Wolfe v. Lower Merion School District, 801 A.2d 639 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002).
§ 14.64. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.64 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339; amended October 11, 1991, effective October 12, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 4830; amended December 18, 1992, effective December 19, 1992, 22 Pa.B. 6030; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (202989) to (202990) and (249391) to (249392).
Notes of Decisions Burden of Proof
While ‘‘due weight’’ must be accorded to the administrative proceedings, the burden of proof remained on the school district to show that it was in compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C.A. § 1400 et seq.), even when, as here, the school district prevailed at the administrative level. Laughlin v. Central Bucks Sch. Dist., No. 91-7333, 1994 U. S. Dist. LEXIS 201 (E. D. Pa. January 12, 1994).
Consumer Complaint
Parents/complainants had no right to appeal a determination of a consumer complaint in which the parents alleged a general failure to provide a preconference hearing and a due process hearing. Complainants are not considered a ‘‘party’’ to a proceeding before the Department upon the filing of a consumer complaint and, therefore, may not file an appeal of a decision. Wolfe v. Lower Merion School District, 801 A.2d 639 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002).
Coordination Services
Subdivision (n)(2) makes it clear that only a school district has the option to forgo utilization of the coordination services offered in (n)(1) of this section. There is no language in the regulations that gives this option to the parents or requires that a school district notify parents of this option. Therefore, there was no violation of a parent’s due process right where the school district failed to notify the parent of the right to a hearing from an agency other than the Department of Education. Kozak v. Hampton Township Sch. Dist., 655 A.2d 641 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995), appeal denied 666 A.2d 1060 (Pa. 1995).
Judicial Review
Arguments not presented to the appeals panel cannot be pressed in Federal court and courts may only review what the appeals panel actually decided. Drinker v. Colonial Sch. Dist., 888 F. Supp. 674 (E. D. Pa. 1995); 78 F.3d 859 (3rd. Cir. 1996); affirmed and remanded 78 F.3d 859 (3rd. Cir. 1996).
Judicial Review; Exhaustion of Remedies
To file suit to seek tuition reimbursement under the Federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a claimant must exhaust all available administrative remedies, including the due process hearing provided by § 14.64(a). The fact that one party feels that a mutually satisfactory resolution is impossible does not render the hearing futile; instead, the hearing is required to seek relief under the IDEA. Falzett v. Pocono Mountain School District, 150 F. Supp.2d 699 (M.D. Pa. 2001).
Pending Litigation
Although the first appeals panel’s decision was reached, the litigation was not resolved; therefore, 20 U.S.C.A. § 1415(e)(3)’s requirement that ‘‘during the pendency of any proceedings . . . the child shall remain in the then current educational placement’’ applied to this case. Drinker v. Colonial School District, 78 F.3d 859 (3d Cir. 1996).
The district court was correct in its decision that the school district must bear the burden of paying for the costs of a student’s education through the date of the district court’s final order. Drinker v. Colonial School District, 78 F.3d 859 (3d Cir. 1996).
Two-Tiered Review
Under the two-tier due process hearing procedure, the Appeals Panel is the ultimate factfinder and charged with making an independent examination of the evidence in the record; therefore, the Appeals Panel is not bound by the decision of the hearing officer, and its scope of review is not restricted to determining whether the hearing officer’s factual findings are supported. Millersburg Area School District v. Lynda T., 707 A.2d 572 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1998).
§ 14.65. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.65 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (249392) and (222351).
§ 14.66. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.66 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (222351) and (271485).
§ 14.67. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.67 amended December 8, 2000, effective December 9, 2000, 30 Pa.B. 6330; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271485) to (271486).
Notes of Decisions Reimbursement
School district was required to reimburse an exceptional student’s parents for one-fourth the cost of an evaluation of the student performed by a doctor, where the district failed to include a certified school psychologist as required and because the district used the report when it prepared the individualized education program for the student. Cumberland Valley School District v. Lynn T., 725 A.2d 215 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999); aff’d sub. nom. In re Residence Hearing, 744 A.2d 1272 (Pa. 2000).
According to the plain language of this section, parents are entitled to reimbursement for a private evaluation only if the private evaluation was sought as the result of a disagreement with an MDE and if the private evaluation shows the school district’s MDE to be inappropriate. Because the parent had the child evaluated on their own initiative and not as the result of any disagreement and since the MDE was found to be appropriate, the parent was not entitled to reimbursement under this section. Kozak v. Hampton Township Sch. Dist., 655 A.2d 641 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995), appeal denied, 666 A.2d 1060 (Pa. 1995).
§ 14.68. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.68 amended April 8, 1994, effective April 24, 1993, 24 Pa.B. 1838; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (271486).
§ 14.71. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.71 adopted June 15, 1990, effective July 1, 1990, 20 Pa.B. 3339; amended October 11, 1991, effective October 12, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 4830; amended December 18, 1992, effective December 19, 1992, 22 Pa.B. 6030; reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 6021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (271487).
§ § 14.72—14.74. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of these § § 14.72—14.74 reserved June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 6021. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (271487) to (271488).
GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 14.101. Definitions.
In addition to the definitions in § § 14.102 and 14.103 (relating to purposes; and terminology related to Federal regulations), the following words and terms, when used in this chapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Act—The Early Intervention Services System Act (11 P. S. § § 875-101—875-503).
Agency—A school entity, approved private school, State-operated program or facility or other public (excluding charter schools and cyber charter schools under Article XVII-A of the School Code (24 P. S. § § 17-1701-A—17-1751-A)) or private organization providing educational services to children with disabilities or providing early intervention services.
Age of beginners—The minimum age established by the school district board of directors for admission to the district’s first grade under § 11.15 (relating to admission of beginners).
Developmental areas—Cognitive, communicative, physical, social/emotional and self-help.
Developmental delay—A child who is less than the age of beginners and at least 3 years of age is considered to have a developmental delay when one of the following exists:(i) The child’s score, on a developmental assessment device, on an assessment instrument which yields a score in months, indicates that the child is delayed by 25% of the child’s chronological age in one or more developmental areas.
(ii) The child is delayed in one or more of the developmental areas, as documented by test performance of 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on standardized tests.
ESY—Extended school year.
Early intervention agency—A school entity or licensed provider that has entered into a mutually agreed upon written arrangement (MAWA) with the Department to provide early intervention services to eligible young children in accordance with the act.
Early intervention services—As defined in section 103 of the act (11 P. S. § 875-103).
Eligible young child—A child who is less than the age of beginners and at least 3 years of age and who meets the criteria in 34 CFR 300.8 (relating to child with a disability).
IEP—Individualized education program.
IST—Instructional support team.
MDT—Multidisciplinary team.
Mutually agreed-upon written arrangement—As defined in section 103 of the act.
Parent—The term as defined in 34 CFR 300.30 (relating to parent) and also includes individuals appointed as foster parents under 55 Pa. Code § 3700.4 (relating to definitions).
School Code—The Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 1-101—27-2702).
School entity—A local public education provider such as a school district, area vocational-technical school or intermediate unit but excluding charter schools and cyber charter schools under Article XVII-A of the School Code.
Student with a disability—A child of school age who meets the criteria in 34 CFR 300.8 (relating to child with a disability).
Authority The provisions of this § 14.101 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.101 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (334873) to (334874).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa.B. § 10.2 (relating to definitions); 22 Pa.B. § 49.1 (relating to definitions); 55 Pa.B. § 3270.4 (relating to definitions); 55 Pa.B. § 3280.4 (relating to definitions); and 55 Pa.B. § 3290.4 (relating to definitions).
§ 14.102. Purposes.
(a) It is the intent of the Board that children with disabilities be provided with quality special education services and programs. The purposes of this chapter are to serve the following:
(1) To adopt Federal regulations by incorporation by reference to satisfy the statutory requirements under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C.A. § § 1400—1482) and to ensure that:
(i) Children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education which is designed to enable the student to participate fully and independently in the community, including preparation for employment or higher education.
(ii) Children with disabilities have access to the general curriculum, and participate in State and local assessments as established and described in Chapter 4 (relating to academic standards and assessment).
(iii) Children with disabilities are educated, to the maximum extent appropriate, with their nondisabled peers and are provided with supplementary aids and services.
(iv) School entities provide access to a full continuum of placement options.
(v) The rights of children with disabilities and parents of these children are protected.
(vi) The use of early intervening services promotes students’ success in a general education environment.
(2) To adopt, except as expressly otherwise provided in this chapter, the requirements of 34 CFR Part 300 (relating to assistance to states for the education of children with disabilities) as published at 71 FR 46540—46845 (August 14, 2006); and amended at 73 FR 73006—73029 (December 1, 2008). The following sections are incorporated by reference:
(i) 34 CFR 300.4—300.6 (relating to act; assistive technology device; and assistive technology service).
(ii) 34 CFR 300.8(a) and (c) (relating to child with a disability).
(iii) 34 CFR 300.9—300.15 (relating to consent; core academic subjects; day, business day, school day; educational service agency; elementary school; equipment; and evaluation).
(iv) 34 CFR 300.17—300.20 (relating to free appropriate public education; highly qualified special education teachers; homeless children; and include).
(v) 34 CFR 300.22—300.24 (relating to individualized education program; individualized education program team; and individualized family service plan).
(vi) 34 CFR 300.27—300.30 (relating to limited English proficient; local educational agency; native language; and parent).
(vii) 34 CFR 300.32—300.37 (relating to personally identifiable; public agency; related services; scientifically based research; secondary school; and services plan).
(viii) 34 CFR 300.39 (relating to special education).
(ix) 34 CFR 300.41—300.45 (relating to State educational agency; supplementary aids and services; transition services; universal design; and ward of the State).
(x) 34 CFR 300.101 and 300.102 (relating to free appropriate public education (FAPE); and limitation-exception to FAPE for certain ages).
(xi) 34 CFR 300.104—300.108 (relating to residential placement; assistive technology; extended school year services; nonacademic services; and physical education).
(xii) 34 CFR 300.113 and 300.114(a)(2) (relating to routine checking of hearing aids and external components of surgically implanted medical devices; and LRE requirements).
(xiii) 34 CFR 300.115—300.117 (relating to continuum of alternative placements; placements; and nonacademic settings).
(xiv) 34 CFR 300.122 (relating to evaluation).
(xv) 34 CFR 300.130—300.144, regarding students enrolled by their parents in private schools.
(xvi) 34 CFR 300.148 (relating to placement of children by parents when FAPE is at issue).
(xvii) 34 CFR 300.160 (relating to participation in assessments).
(xviii) 34 CFR 300.172 (relating to access to instructional materials).
(xxix) 34 CFR 300.174 (relating to prohibition on mandatory medication).
(xx) 34 CFR 300.207 (relating to personnel development).
(xxi) 34 CFR 300.210—300.213 (relating to purchase of instructional materials; information for SEA; public information; and records regarding migratory children with disabilities).
(xxii) 34 CFR 300.224 (relating to requirements for establishing eligibility).
(xxiii) 34 CFR 300.226 (relating to early intervening services).
(xxiv) 34 CFR 300.300 and 300.301 (relating to parental consent; and initial evaluations).
(xxv) 34 CFR 300.302—300.307(a)(1) and (2) and (b) (relating to screening for instructional purposes is not evaluation; reevaluations; evaluation procedures; additional requirements for evaluations and reevaluations; determination of eligibility; and specific learning disabilities).
(xxvi) 34 CFR 300.308—300.311 (relating to additional group members; determining the existence of a specific learning disability; observation; and specific documentation for the eligibility determination).
(xxvii) 34 CFR 300.320—300.325 (relating to definition of individualized education program; IEP Team; parent participation; when IEPs must be in effect; development, review, and revision of IEP; and private school placement by public agencies).
(xxviii) 34 CFR 300.327 and 300.328 (relating to educational placements; and alternative means of meeting participation).
(xxix) 34 CFR 300.501—300.508 (relating to opportunity to examine records; parent participation in meetings; independent education evaluation; prior notice by the public agency, content of notice; procedural safeguards notice; electronic mail; mediation; filing a due process complaint; and due process complaint).
(xxx) 34 CFR 300.510—300.516 (relating to resolution process; impartial due process hearing; hearing rights; hearing decisions; finality of decisions, appeal; impartial review; timelines and convenience of hearings and reviews; and civil action).
(xxxi) 34 CFR 300.518(a), (b) and (d) and 300.519 (relating to child’s status during proceedings; and surrogate parents).
(xxxii) 34 CFR 300.530—300.537 (relating to authority of school personnel; determination of setting; appeal; placement during appeals; protections for children not determined eligible for special education and related services; referral to and action by law enforcement and judicial authorities; change of placement because of disciplinary removals; and state enforcement mechanisms).
(xxxiii) 34 CFR 300.610—300.625 (relating to confidentiality; definitions; notice to parents; access rights; record of access; records on more than one child; list of types and locations of information; fees; amendment of records at parent’s request; opportunity for a hearing; result of hearing; hearing procedures; consent; safeguards; destruction of information; and children’s rights).
(3) To specify how the Commonwealth will meet its obligations to suspected and identified children with disabilities who require special education and related services.
(4) To provide to the Commonwealth, through the Department, general supervision of services and programs provided under this chapter.
(b) To provide services and programs effectively, the Commonwealth will delegate operational responsibility for school aged students to its school districts to include the provision of child find duties prescribed by 34 CFR 300.111 (relating to child find).
Authority The provisions of this § 14.102 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.102 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended August 7, 2009, effective August 8, 2009, 39 Pa.B. 4750. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (335426) to (335428).
Notes of Decision Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
By adopting the Federal regulations relating to assistance to states for education of children with disabilities, Pennsylvania seeks to ensure all children with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). Delaware Valley School District v. Daniel G., 800 A.2d 989 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002).
§ 14.103. Terminology related to Federal regulations.
For purposes of interfacing with 34 CFR Part 300 (relating to assistance to states for the education of children with disabilities), the following term applies, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Local educational agency—Where the Federal provision uses the term ‘‘local educational agency,’’ for purposes of this chapter, the term means an intermediate unit, school district, State operated program or facility or other public organization providing educational services to children with disabilities or providing early intervention services. Applicability of this term to public charter schools is found in Chapter 711 (relating to charter school services and programs for children with disabilities). In the application of 34 CFR 300.130—300.144, regarding children with disabilities enrolled by their parents in private schools, the intermediate unit shall be considered to be the local education agency.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.103 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.103 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (293068) to (293069).
§ 14.104. Special education plans.
(a) Each school district shall develop and implement a special education plan. The special education plan shall be submitted to the Department for approval every 3 years in accordance with § 4.13(d) (relating to strategic plans). The Secretary will prescribe the format, content and time for submission of the special education plan. A school district shall make its special education plan available for public inspection and comment for a minimum of 28 days prior to approval of the plan by the school district’s board of directors and submission of the plan to the Department.
(b) Each school district’s special education plan must specify the special education programs that operate in the district and those that are operated in the district by intermediate units, area vocational technical schools and other agencies, and it must describe the following:
(1) Early intervening services under 34 CFR 300.226 (relating to early intervening services) and this chapter, if the services are provided by the school district.
(2) The school district procedures for complying with the State criteria for identifying children with specific learning disabilities.
(3) Examples of supplementary aids and services provided by the school district.
(4) Access to a full continuum of educational placements.
(5) Policies and procedures designed to prevent the inappropriate over-identification or disproportionate representation by race and ethnicity of chil-dren with disabilities, for those school districts identified with significant disproportionality in accordance with 34 CFR 300.646(a) (relating to disproportionality).
(6) School district procedures on behavior support services, including a description of the training provided to staff in the use of positive behavior supports, de-escalation techniques and appropriate responses to student behavior that may require immediate intervention.
(7) Parent training activities provided by the school district.
(c) Each school district’s special education plan must include procedures for the education of all students with disabilities who are residents of the district, including those receiving special education in approved private schools and students with disabilities who are nonresidents placed in private homes or institutions in the school district under sections 1305, 1306 and 1306.2 of the School Code (24 P.S. § § 13-1305, 13-1306 and 13-1306.2).
(d) Each intermediate unit shall prepare annually and submit to the Secretary a special education plan specifying the special education services and programs to be operated by the intermediate unit, including equitable services provided consistent with 34 CFR 300.130—300.144 and subsection (b)(2)—(4), (6) and (7). The Secretary will prescribe the format, content and time for submission of the intermediate units’ plans.
(e) Each early intervention agency shall develop and submit to the Department an early intervention special education plan every year.
(f) The Department will approve plans in accordance with the following criteria:
(1) Services and programs are designed to meet the needs of students identified as children with disabilities within the school district or intermediate unit or eligible young children within the early intervention agency.
(2) The full range of services and programs under this chapter are available to children with disabilities and eligible young children.
(3) Placement of students with disabilities in settings other than regular education settings may not be based on lack of resources, facilities, staff or for administrative convenience.
(4) The plan meets the specifications defined in this chapter and the format, content and time for submission of the agency plans prescribed by the Secretary.
(g) Portions of the plans that do not meet the criteria for approval will be disapproved. Prior to disapproval, Department personnel will discuss disapproved portions of the plan and suggest modifications with appropriate intermediate unit or school district personnel. Portions of the plan that are not specifically disapproved will be deemed approved.
(h) When a portion of an intermediate unit, school district or early intervention plan is disapproved, the Department will issue a notice specifying the portion of the plan disapproved, and the rationale for the disapproval and the opportunity for a hearing under 2 Pa.C.S. § § 501—508 and 701—704 (relating to the Administrative Agency Law) and 1 Pa. Code Part II (relating to General Rules of Administrative Practice Procedure). If requested, the Department will convene a hearing within 30 days after the receipt of the request. The Department will render a decision within 30 days following the hearing.
(i) Each school entity shall maintain information concerning students with disabilities, the services provided, performance and discipline data, as specified by the Secretary, and report information in a form and at times as required by the Secretary.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.104 amended under sections 1372, 2603-B and 2604-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372, 26-2603-B and 26-2604-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.104 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended July 15, 2016, effective July 16, 2016, 46 Pa.B. 3815. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (335429) to (335430) and (371253).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 4.13 (relating to strategic plans); 22 Pa. Code § 10.23 (relating to response and handling of a student with a disability); 22 Pa. Code Appendix A (relating to model memorandum of understanding); 22 Pa. Code § 14.105 (relating to personnel); and 22 Pa. Code § 14.155 (relating to range of services).
§ 14.105. Personnel.
(a) Paraprofessionals.
(1) An instructional paraprofessional is a school employee who works under the direction of a certificated staff member to support and assist in providing instructional programs and services to children with disabilities or eligible young children. The support and assistance includes one-on-one or group review of material taught by certificated staff, classroom management and implementation of positive behavior support plans. Services may be provided in a special education class, regular education class or other instructional setting as provided in the student’s IEP. Instructional paraprofessionals shall meet one of the following qualifications effective July 1, 2010:
(i) Have completed at least 2 years of postsecondary study.
(ii) Possess an associate degree or higher.
(iii) Meet a rigorous standard of quality as demonstrated through a State or local assessment.
(2) Nothing in subsection (a) should be construed to supersede the terms of a collective bargaining agreement in effect on July 1, 2008.
(3) Instructional paraprofessionals, each school year, shall provide evidence of 20 hours of staff development activities related to their assignment.
(4) A personal care assistant provides one-to-one support and assistance to a student, including support and assistance in the use of medical equipment (for example, augmentative communication devices; activities of daily living; and monitoring health and behavior). A personal care assistant may provide support to more than one student, but not at the same time. Personal care assistants shall provide evidence of 20 hours of staff development activities related to their assignment each school year. The 20 hours of training may include training required by the school-based access program.
(b) Educational interpreters. An educational interpreter is an individual who provides students who are deaf or hard of hearing with interpreting or transliterating services in an educational setting.
(1) To serve as an educational interpreter, an individual shall meet the qualifications in subparagraph (i) or (ii) and subparagraph (iii):
(i) Achieve and provide evidence of a score of 3.5 on the Educational Interpreter Performance Assessment (EIPA) for the appropriate grade level to which the person has been assigned.
(ii) Be a qualified sign language interpreter or qualified transliterator under the Sign Language Interpreter and Transliterator Registration Act (63 P.S. § § 1725.1—1725.12) and its implementing regulations.
(iii) Provide evidence of a minimum of 20 hours of staff development activities relating to interpreting or transliterating services annually.
(2) The Board, in consultation with the Department, will review the EIPA score requirement every 2 years.
(c) Caseload.
(1) The following words and terms, when used in this subsection, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
(i) Full-time. Special education supports and services provided by special education personnel for 80% or more of the school day.
(ii) Itinerant. Special education supports and services provided by special education personnel for 20% or less of the school day.
(iii) Supplemental. Special education supports and services provided by special education personnel for more than 20% but less than 80% of the school day.
(2) The following chart represents the maximum number of students allowed on a teacher’s caseload:
Itinerant (20% or Less) Supplemental (Less Than 80% but More Than 20%) Full-Time (80% or More) Learning Support 50 20 12 Life Skills Support 20 20 12 (Grades K-6) 15 (Grades 7-12) Emotional Support 50 20 12 Deaf And Hearing Impaired Support 50 15 8 Blind And Visually Impaired Support 50 15 12 Speech And Language Support 65 8 Physical Support 50 15 12 Autistic Support 12 8 8 Multiple Disabilities Support 12 8 8 (3) Each student with a disability shall be assigned to a special education teacher’s caseload.
(4) A school district may request approval for a caseload chart that varies from that in paragraph (2) as part of its special education plan consistent with § 14.104 (relating to special education plans). The caseload and supporting documents submitted must:
(i) Ensure the ability of assigned staff to provide the services required in each student’s IEP.
(ii) Apply to special education classes operated in the school district.
(iii) Provide a justification for why the chart deviates from the caseload chart in paragraph (2).
(iv) Describe the opportunities for parents, teachers and other interested parties to review and comment on the chart prior to its submission. The district shall provide and include a copy of the notice to the public indicating the district intends to request a waiver of caseload regulations and a description of how parents, teachers and other interested parties were provided opportunities to give comment on the waiver request.
(5) Classes or programs with students from more than one district, regardless of whether operated by a school district, intermediate unit or agency, shall follow the caseload chart of the district where the class or program is located. Intermediate unit services provided to multiple districts must follow the caseload chart under paragraph (2).
(6) Caseloads are not applicable to approved private schools or to chartered schools for the deaf and blind.
(7) The Department may withdraw approval of variance in the caseload chart for a school district if its caseload is determined to be inadequate. The Department will consider at least the following indicators when making the determination:
(i) Graduation rates of students with a disability.
(ii) Drop-out rates of students with a disability.
(iii) Postsecondary transition of students with a disability.
(iv) Rate of grade level retentions.
(v) Statewide and district-wide assessment results as prescribed by § § 4.51 and 4.52 (relating to State assessment system; and local assessment system).
Authority The provisions of this § 14.105 issued under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1929 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.105 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575.
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.131 (relating to IEP); and 34 Pa. Code § 501.5 (relating to exemptions).
§ 14.106. Access to instructional materials.
(a) The Board adopts the National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard (NIMAS) as defined in section 674(e)(3)(B) of the Education of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C.A. § 1474(e)(3)(B)) and set forth in 71 FR 41084 (July 19, 2006) for the purpose of providing print instructional materials in alternate accessible formats or specialized formats to blind persons or other persons with print disabilities in a timely manner. To ensure the timely provision of high quality, accessible instructional materials to children who are blind or other persons with print disabilities, agencies shall adopt the NIMAS. The NIMAS refers to a standard for source files of print instructional materials created by publishers that may be converted into accessible instructional materials.
(b) Agencies shall, in a timely manner, provide print instructional materials in specialized, accessible formats (that is, Braille, audio, digital, large-print, and the like) to children who are blind or other persons with print disabilities, as defined in 2 U.S.C.A. § 135a (regarding books and sound-reproduction records for blind and other physically handicapped residents; annual appropriations; and purchases).
(c) Agencies act in a timely manner in providing instructional materials under subsection (a) if they take steps to ensure that children who are blind or other persons with print disabilities have access to their accessible format instructional materials at the same time that students without disabilities have access to instructional materials. Agencies may not withhold instructional materials from other students until instructional materials in accessible formats are available.
(d) Receipt of a portion of the instructional materials in alternate accessible or specialized format will be considered receipt in a timely manner if the material received covers the chapters that are currently being taught in the student’s class.
(e) If a child who is blind or other person with a print disability enrolls in school after the start of the school year, an agency shall take steps to ensure that the student has access to accessible format instructional materials within 10 school days from the time it is determined that the child requires printed instructional materials in an alternate accessible or specialized format.
(f) The Department or agencies may coordinate with the National Instructional Materials Access Center (NIMAC) to facilitate the production of and delivery of accessible materials to children who are blind or other persons with print disabilities. The NIMAC refers to the central repository, established under section 674(e) of the Education of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which is responsible for processing, storing and distributing NIMAS files of textbooks and core instructional materials.
(g) Agencies coordinating with NIMAC shall require textbook publishers to deliver the contents of print instructional materials to the NIMAC in NIMAS format files on or before delivery of the print instructional materials to the agency. Agencies that choose not to coordinate with NIMAC may require that publishers deliver the contents of print instructional materials to the NIMAC in NIMAS format files on or before delivery of the print instructional materials to the agency.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.106 issued under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1929 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.106 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575.
§ 14.107. Complaint procedure.
The Department will establish a complaint procedure consistent with 34 CFR 300.151—300.153 (relating to adoption of State complaint procedures; minimum State complaint procedures; and filing a complaint) and disseminate notice of that procedure.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.107 issued under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1929 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.107 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575.
§ 14.108. Access to classrooms.
Parents shall have reasonable access to their child’s classrooms, within the parameters of local educational agency policy.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.108 issued under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1929 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.108 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575.
CHILD FIND, SCREENING AND EVALUATION
§ 14.121. Child find.
(a) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.111 (relating to child find), each school district shall adopt and use a public outreach awareness system to locate and identify children thought to be eligible for special education within the school district’s jurisdiction.
(b) Each school district shall conduct awareness activities to inform the public of its early intervention and special education services and programs and the manner in which to request services and programs. Written information shall be published in the school district handbook and school district web site. The public awareness effort must include information regarding potential signs of developmental delays and other risk factors that could indicate disabilities.
(c) Each school district shall provide annual public notification, published or announced in newspapers, electronic media and other media, with circulation adequate to notify parents throughout the school district of child identification activities and of the procedures followed to ensure confidentiality of information pertaining to students with disabilities or eligible young children in accordance with this chapter.
(d) Intermediate units are responsible for child find activities necessary to provide equitable services consistent with 34 CFR 300.130—300.144, regarding children with disabilities enrolled by their parents in private schools.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.121 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.121 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (279580).
§ 14.122. Screening.
(a) Each school district shall establish a system of screening, which may include early intervening services, to accomplish the following:
(1) Identify and provide initial screening for students prior to referral for a special education evaluation.
(2) Provide peer support for teachers and other staff members to assist them in working effectively with students in the general education curriculum. To provide this support, school districts may implement instructional support teams according to Department guidelines or use an alternative process.
(3) Identify students who may need special education services and programs.
(b) The screening process must include:
(1) Hearing and vision screening in accordance with section 1402 of the School Code (24 P. S. § 14-1402) for the purpose of identifying students with hearing or vision difficulty so that they can be referred for assistance or recommended for evaluation for special education.
(2) Screening at reasonable intervals to determine whether all students are performing based on grade-appropriate standards in core academic subjects.
(c) Each school district may develop a program of early intervening services. In the case of school districts meeting the criteria in 34 CFR 300.646(b)(2) (relating to disproportionality), as established by the Department, the early intervening services are required and must include:
(1) A verification that the student was provided with appropriate instruction in reading, including the essential components of reading instruction (as defined in section 1208(3) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) (20 U.S.C.A. § 6368(3)), and appropriate instruction in math.
(2) For students with academic concerns, an assessment of the student’s performance in relation to State-approved grade level standards.
(3) For students with behavioral concerns, a systematic observation of the student’s behavior in the school environment where the student is displaying difficulty.
(4) A research-based intervention to increase the student’s rate of learning or behavior change based on the results of the assessments under paragraph (2) or (3).
(5) Repeated assessments of achievement or behavior, or both, conducted at reasonable intervals, reflecting formal monitoring of student progress during the interventions.
(6) A determination as to whether the student’s assessed difficulties are the result of a lack of instruction or limited English proficiency.
(7) A determination as to whether the student’s needs exceed the functional ability of the regular education program to maintain the student at an appropriate instructional level.
(8) Documentation that information about the student’s progress as identified in paragraph (5) was periodically provided to the student’s parents.
(d) Screening or early intervening activities do not serve as a bar to the right of a parent to request an evaluation, at any time, including prior to or during the conduct of early intervening activities.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.122 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.122 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (279580) and (293071).
§ 14.123. Evaluation.
(a) The group of qualified professionals, which reviews the evaluation materials to determine whether the child is a child with a disability under 34 CFR 300.306 (relating to determination of eligibility), shall include a certified school psychologist when evaluating a child for autism, emotional disturbance, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, other health impairments, specific learning disability or traumatic brain injury.
(b) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.301 (relating to initial evaluations), the initial evaluation shall be completed and a copy of the evaluation report presented to the parents no later than 60-calendar days after the agency receives written parental consent for evaluation, except that the calendar days from the day after the last day of the spring school term up to and including the day before the first day of the subsequent fall school term will not be counted.
(c) Parents may request an evaluation at any time, and the request must be in writing. The school entity shall make the permission to evaluate form readily available for that purpose. If a request is made orally to any professional employee or administrator of the school entity, that individual shall provide a copy of the permission to evaluate form to the parents within 10-calendar days of the oral request.
(d) Copies of the evaluation report shall be disseminated to the parents at least 10 school days prior to the meeting of the IEP team, unless this requirement is waived by a parent in writing.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.123 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.123 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended December 1, 2023, effective December 2, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 7485. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (363315) to (363316).
Notes of Decisions Basis for Decision
The panel’s award of compensatory education was premised on a separate and distinct basis from the issues raised before the Hearing officer, requiring remand for an evidentiary hearing and an adjudication on the issue of appropriateness of the multidisciplinary evaluation. Mifflin County School District v. Special Education Due Process Appeals Board, 800 A.2d 1010 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code Appendix A (relating to model memorandum of understanding); 22 Pa. Code § 14.153 (relating to evaluation); and 22 Pa. Code § 14.161 (relating to purchasing conferences).
§ 14.124. Reevaluation.
(a) The group of qualified professionals, which reviews the evaluation materials to determine whether the child is a child with a disability under 34 CFR 300.303 (relating to reevaluations), shall include a certified school psychologist when evaluating a child for autism, emotional disturbance, intellectual disability, multiple disabilities, other health impairment, specific learning disability and traumatic brain injury.
(b) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.303, the reevaluation time line will be 60-calendar days, except that the calendar days from the day after the last day of the spring school term up to and including the day before the first day of the subsequent fall school term will not be counted.
(c) Students with disabilities who are identified as having an intellectual disability shall be reevaluated at least once every 2 years.
(d) Copies of the reevaluation report shall be disseminated to the parents at least 10 school days prior to the meeting of the IEP team, unless this requirement is waived by a parent in writing.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.124 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.124 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended December 1, 2023, effective December 2, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 7485. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (363316) and (335439).
§ 14.125. Criteria for the determination of specific learning disabilities.
This section contains the State-level criteria for determining the existence of a specific learning disability. Each school district and intermediate unit shall develop procedures for the determination of specific learning disabilities that conform to criteria in this section. These procedures shall be included in the school district’s and intermediate unit’s special education plan in accordance with § 14.104(b) (relating to special education plans). To determine that a child has a specific learning disability, the school district or intermediate unit shall:
(1) Address whether the child does not achieve adequately for the child’s age or meet State-approved grade-level standards in one or more of the following areas, when provided with learning experiences and scientifically based instruction appropriate for the child’s age or State-approved grade-level standards:
(i) Oral expression.
(ii) Listening comprehension.
(iii) Written expression.
(iv) Basic reading skill.
(v) Reading fluency skills.
(vi) Reading comprehension.
(vii) Mathematics calculation.
(viii) Mathematics problem solving.
(2) Use one of the following procedures:
(i) A process based on the child’s response to scientific, research-based intervention, which includes documentation that:
(A) The student received high quality instruction in the general education setting.
(B) Research-based interventions were provided to the student.
(C) Student progress was regularly monitored.
(ii) A process that examines whether a child exhibits a pattern of strengths and weaknesses, relative to intellectual ability as defined by a severe discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement, or relative to age or grade.
(3) Have determined that its findings under this section are not primarily the result of:
(i) A visual, hearing or orthopedic disability.
(ii) Intellectual disability.
(iii) Emotional disturbance.
(iv) Cultural factors.
(v) Environmental or economic disadvantage.
(vi) Limited English proficiency.
(4) Ensure that underachievement in a child suspected of having a specific learning disability is not due to lack of appropriate instruction in reading or mathematics by considering documentation that:
(i) Prior to, or as a part of, the referral process, the child was provided scientifically-based instruction in regular education settings, delivered by qualified personnel, as indicated by observations of routine classroom instruction.
(ii) Repeated assessments of achievement were conducted at reasonable intervals, reflecting formal assessment of student progress during instruction, which was provided to the child’s parents.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.125 issued and amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.125 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended December 1, 2023, effective December 2, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 7485. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (335439) to (335440).
IEP
§ 14.131. IEP.
(a) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference (see 34 CFR 300.320—300.324), the IEP of each student with a disability must include:
(1) A description of the type or types of support as defined in this paragraph that the student will receive, the determination of which may not be based on the categories of the child’s disability alone. Students may receive more than one type of support as appropriate and as outlined in the IEP and in accordance with this chapter. Special education supports and services may be delivered in the regular classroom setting and other settings as determined by the IEP team. In determining the educational placement, the IEP team must first consider the regular classroom with the provision of supplementary aids and services before considering the provision of services in other settings.
(i) Autistic support. Services for students with the disability of autism who require services to address needs primarily in the areas of communication, social skills or behaviors consistent with those of autism spectrum disorders. The IEP for these students must address needs as identified by the team which may include, as appropriate, the verbal and nonverbal communication needs of the child; social interaction skills and proficiencies; the child’s response to sensory experiences and changes in the environment, daily routine and schedules; and, the need for positive behavior supports or behavioral interventions.
(ii) Blind-visually impaired support. Services for students with the disability of visual impairment including blindness, who require services to address needs primarily in the areas of accessing print and other visually-presented materials, orientation and mobility, accessing public and private accommodations, or use of assistive technologies designed for individuals with visual impairments or blindness. For students who are blind or visually impaired, the IEP must include a description of the instruction in Braille and the use of Braille unless the IEP team determines, after the evaluation of the child’s reading and writing needs, and appropriate reading and writing media, the extent to which Braille will be taught and used for the student’s learning materials.
(iii) Deaf and hard of hearing support. Services for students with the disability of deafness or hearing impairment, who require services to address needs primarily in the area of reading, communication, accessing public and private accommodations or use of assistive technologies designed for individuals with deafness or hearing impairment. For these students, the IEP must include a communication plan to address the language and communication needs, opportunities for direct communications with peers and professional personnel in the child’s language and communication mode, academic level, and full range of needs, including opportunities for direct instruction in the child’s language and communication mode; and assistive technology devices and services.
(iv) Emotional support. Services for students with a disability who require services primarily in the areas of social or emotional skills development or functional behavior.
(v) Learning support. Services for students with a disability who require services primarily in the areas of reading, writing, mathematics, or speaking or listening skills related to academic performance.
(vi) Life skills support. Services for students with a disability who require services primarily in the areas of academic, functional or vocational skills necessary for independent living.
(vii) Multiple disabilities support. Services for students with more than one disability the result of which is severe impairment requiring services primarily in the areas of academic, functional or vocational skills necessary for independent living.
(viii) Physical support. Services for students with a physical disability who require services primarily in the areas of functional motor skill development, including adaptive physical education or use of assistive technologies designed to provide or facilitate the development of functional motor capacity or skills.
(ix) Speech and language support. Services for students with speech and language impairments who require services primarily in the areas of communication or use of assistive technologies designed to provide or facilitate the development of communication capacity or skills.
(2) Supplementary aids and services in accordance with 34 CFR 300.42 (relating to supplementary aids and services).
(3) A description of the type or types of support as defined in § 14.105 (relating to personnel).
(4) The location where the student attends school and whether this is the school the student would attend if the student did not have an IEP.
(5) For students who are 14 years of age or older, a transition plan that includes appropriate measurable postsecondary goals related to training, education, employment and, when appropriate, independent living skills.
(6) The IEP of each student shall be implemented as soon as possible, but no later than 10 school days after its completion.
(7) Every student receiving special education and related services provided for in an IEP developed prior to July 1, 2008, shall continue to receive the special education and related services under that IEP, subject to the terms, limitations and conditions set forth in law.
(b) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.324 (relating to development, review, and revision of IEP), each school entity shall designate persons responsible to coordinate transition activities.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.131 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.131 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (293072) and (304975).
Notes of Decisions IEP Compliance
School district was required to pay tuition and fees for special-education student in a transitional program after high school for only 1 year, not indefinitely, where payment for more than 1 year would have exceeded what was required for compliance with student’s individualized education program (IEP). Susquehanna Township School District v. Frances J., 823 A.2d 249, 255-256 (Pa.Cmwlth. 2003).
Cross References This section cited in 55 Pa. Code § 3270.4 (relating to definitions); 55 Pa. Code § 3280.4 (relating to definitions); and 55 Pa. Code § 3290.4 (relating to definitions).
§ 14.132. ESY.
(a) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.106 (relating to extended school year services), school entities shall use the following standards for determining whether a student with disabilities requires ESY as part of the student’s program:
(1) At each IEP meeting for a student with disabilities, the school entity shall determine whether the student is eligible for ESY services and, if so, make subsequent determinations about the services to be provided.
(2) In considering whether a student is eligible for ESY services, the IEP team shall consider the following factors; however, no single factor will be considered determinative:
(i) Whether the student reverts to a lower level of functioning as evidenced by a measurable decrease in skills or behaviors which occurs as a result of an interruption in educational programming (Regression).
(ii) Whether the student has the capacity to recover the skills or behavior patterns in which regression occurred to a level demonstrated prior to the interruption of educational programming (Recoupment).
(iii) Whether the student’s difficulties with regression and recoupment make it unlikely that the student will maintain the skills and behaviors relevant to IEP goals and objectives.
(iv) The extent to which the student has mastered and consolidated an important skill or behavior at the point when educational programming would be interrupted.
(v) The extent to which a skill or behavior is particularly crucial for the student to meet the IEP goals of self-sufficiency and independence from caretakers.
(vi) The extent to which successive interruptions in educational programming result in a student’s withdrawal from the learning process.
(vii) Whether the student’s disability is severe, such as autism/pervasive developmental disorder, serious emotional disturbance, severe intellectual disability, degenerative impairments with mental involvement and severe multiple disabilities.
(b) Reliable sources of information regarding a student’s educational needs, propensity to progress, recoupment potential and year-to-year progress may include the following:
(1) Progress on goals in consecutive IEPs.
(2) Progress reports maintained by educators, therapists and others having direct contact with the student before and after interruptions in the education program.
(3) Reports by parents of negative changes in adaptive behaviors or in other skill areas.
(4) Medical or other agency reports indicating degenerative-type difficulties, which become exacerbated during breaks in educational services.
(5) Observations and opinions by educators, parents and others.
(6) Results of tests, including criterion-referenced tests, curriculum-based assessments, ecological life skills assessments and other equivalent measures.
(c) The need for ESY services will not be based on any of the following:
(1) The desire or need for day care or respite care services.
(2) The desire or need for a summer recreation program.
(3) The desire or need for other programs or services that, while they may provide educational benefit, are not required to ensure the provision of a free appropriate public education.
(d) Students with severe disabilities such as autism/pervasive developmental disorder, serious emotional disturbance; severe intellectual disability; degenerative impairments with mental involvement; and severe multiple disabilities require expeditious determinations of eligibility for ESY services to be provided as follows:
(1) Parents of students with severe disabilities shall be notified by the school entity of the annual review meeting to encourage their participation.
(2) The IEP review meeting must occur no later than February 28 of each school year for students with severe disabilities.
(3) The Notice of Recommended Educational Placement shall be issued to the parent no later than March 31 of the school year for students with severe disabilities.
(4) If a student with a severe disability transfers into a school entity after the dates in paragraphs (2) and (3), and the ESY eligibility decision has not been made, the eligibility and program content must be determined at the IEP meeting.
(e) School entities shall consider the eligibility for ESY services of all students with disabilities at the IEP meeting. ESY determinations for students other than those described in subsection (d) are not subject to the time lines in subsection (d). However, these determinations shall still be made in a timely manner. If the parents disagree with the school entity’s recommendation on ESY, the parents will be afforded an expedited due process hearing.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.132 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.132 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended December 1, 2023, effective December 2, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 7485. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (335443) to (335444).
Cross References This section cited in 55 Pa. Code § 3270.4 (relating to definitions); 55 Pa. Code § 3280.4 (relating to definitions); and 55 Pa. Code § 3290.4 (relating to definitions).
§ 14.133. Positive behavior support.
(a) Positive, rather than negative, measures must form the basis of behavior support programs to ensure that all students and eligible young children shall be free from demeaning treatment, the use of aversive techniques and the unreasonable use of restraints. Behavior support programs must include research based practices and techniques to develop and maintain skills that will enhance an individual student’s or eligible young child’s opportunity for learning and self-fulfillment. Behavior support programs and plans must be based on a functional assessment of behavior and utilize positive behavior techniques. When an intervention is needed to address problem behavior, the types of intervention chosen for a particular student or eligible young child shall be the least intrusive necessary. The use of restraints is considered a measure of last resort, only to be used after other less restrictive measures, including de-escalation techniques, in accord with subsection (c)(2).
(b) Notwithstanding the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.34, 300.324 and 300.530 (relating to related services; development, review, and revision of IEP; and authority of school personnel), with regard to a child’s behavior, the following words and terms, when used in this section, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Aversive techniques—Deliberate activities designed to establish a negative association with a specific behavior.
Behavior support—The development, change and maintenance of selected behaviors through the systematic application of behavior change techniques.
Positive behavior support plans—A plan for students with disabilities and eligible young children who require specific intervention to address behavior that interferes with learning. A positive behavior support plan shall be developed by the IEP team, be based on a functional behavior assessment, and become part of the individual eligible young child’s or student’s IEP. These plans must include methods that utilize positive reinforcement and other positive techniques to shape a student’s or eligible young child’s behavior, ranging from the use of positive verbal statements as a reward for good behavior to specific tangible rewards.
Restraints—(i) The application of physical force, with or without the use of any device, for the purpose of restraining the free movement of a student’s or eligible young child’s body.
(ii) The term does not include briefly holding, without force, a student or eligible young child to calm or comfort him, guiding a student or eligible young child to an appropriate activity, or holding a student’s or eligible young child’s hand to safely escort her from one area to another.
(iii) The term does not include hand-over-hand assistance with feeding or task completion and techniques prescribed by a qualified medical professional for reasons of safety or for therapeutic or medical treatment, as agreed to by the student’s or eligible young child’s parents and specified in the IEP. Devices used for physical or occupational therapy, seatbelts in wheelchairs or on toilets used for balance and safety, safety harnesses in buses, and functional positioning devices are examples of mechanical restraints which are excluded from this definition, and governed by subsection (d).
(c) Restraints to control acute or episodic aggressive or self-injurious behavior may be used only when the student is acting in a manner as to be a clear and present danger to himself, to other students or to employees, and only when less restrictive measures and techniques have proven to be or are less effective.
(1) The use of restraints to control the aggressive behavior of an individual student or eligible young child shall cause the school entity to notify the parent of the use of restraint and shall cause a meeting of the IEP team within 10 school days of the inappropriate behavior causing the use of restraints, unless the parent, after written notice, agrees in writing to waive the meeting. At this meeting, the IEP team shall consider whether the student or eligible young child needs a functional behavioral assessment, reevaluation, a new or revised positive behavior support plan, or a change of placement to address the inappropriate behavior.
(2) The use of restraints may only be included in a student’s or eligible young child’s IEP when the following conditions apply:
(i) The restraint is utilized with specific component elements of positive behavior support.
(ii) The restraint is used in conjunction with the teaching of socially acceptable alternative skills to replace problem behavior.
(iii) Staff are authorized to use the procedure and have received the staff training required.
(iv) There is a plan in place for eliminating the use of restraint through the application of positive behavior support.
(3) The use of prone restraints is prohibited in educational programs. Prone restraints are those in which a student or eligible young child is held face down on the floor.
(4) The use of restraints may not be included in the IEP for the convenience of staff, as a substitute for an educational program, or employed as punishment.
(5) School entities shall maintain and report data on the use of restraints as prescribed by the Secretary. The report shall be reviewed during cyclical compliance monitoring conducted by the Department.
(d) Mechanical restraints, which are used to control involuntary movement or lack of muscular control of students when due to organic causes or conditions, may be employed only when specified by an IEP and as determined by a medical professional qualified to make the determination, and as agreed to by the student’s parents. Mechanical restraints shall prevent a student from injuring himself or others or promote normative body positioning and physical functioning.
(e) The following aversive techniques of handling behavior are considered inappropriate and may not be used by agencies in educational programs:
(1) Corporal punishment.
(2) Punishment for a manifestation of a student’s disability.
(3) Locked rooms, locked boxes or other structures or spaces from which the student cannot readily exit.
(4) Noxious substances.
(5) Deprivation of basic human rights, such as withholding meals, water or fresh air.
(6) Suspensions constituting a pattern under § 14.143(a) (relating to disciplinary placement).
(7) Treatment of a demeaning nature.
(8) Electric shock.
(f) School entities have the primary responsibility for ensuring that positive behavior support programs are in accordance with this chapter, including the training of personnel for the use of specific procedures, methods and techniques, and for having a written policy and procedures on the use of positive behavior support techniques and obtaining parental consent prior to the use of restraints or intrusive procedures as provided in subsection (c).
(g) In accordance with their plans, agencies may convene a review, including the use of human rights committees, to oversee the use of restrictive or intrusive procedures or restraints.
(h) Subsequent to a referral to law enforcement, for students with disabilities who have positive behavior support plans, an updated functional behavior assessment and positive behavior support plan shall be required.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.133 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.133 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa. Code 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (334877) to (334878).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. code § 10.23 (relating to response and handling of a student with a disability); 22 Pa. Code Appendix A (relating to model memorandum of understanding); 55 Pa. Code § 3270.4 (relating to definitions); 55 Pa. Code § 3280.4 (relating to definitions); and 55 Pa. Code § 3290.4 (relating to definitions).
EDUCATIONAL PLACEMENT
§ 14.141. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.141 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; reserved June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (334878) to (334879).
§ 14.142. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.142 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; reserved June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (334819) and (315971) to (315972).
§ 14.143. Disciplinary placements.
(a) Notwithstanding the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.530(b) and 300.536 (relating to authority of school personnel; and change of placement because of disciplinary removals), a disciplinary exclusion of a student with a disability for more than 15 cumulative school days in a school year will be considered a pattern so as to be deemed a change in educational placement.
(b) A removal from school is a change of placement for a student who is identified with an intellectual disability, except if the student’s actions are consistent with 34 CFR 300.530(g)(1)—(3) (relating to authority of school personnel).
Authority The provisions of this § 14.143 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.143 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended January 2, 2009, effective January 3, 2009, 39 Pa.B. 17; amended December 1, 2023, effective December 2, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 7485. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (363318).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 12.6 (relating to exclusions from school); and 22 Pa. Code § 14.133 (relating to positive behavior support).
§ 14.144. Facilities
The comparability and availability of facilities for students with a disability shall be consistent with the approved intermediate unit or school district plan, which shall provide, by description of policies and procedures, the following:
(1) Students with disabilities will be provided appropriate classroom space.
(2) Moving of a class shall occur only when the result will be:
(i) To bring the location for delivery of special education services and programs closer to the students’ homes.
(ii) To improve the delivery of special education services and programs without reducing the degree to which the students with disabilities are educated with students without disabilities.
(iii) To respond to an emergency which threatens the students’ health or safety.
(iv) To accommodate ongoing building renovations, provided that the movement of students with disabilities due to renovations will be proportional to the number of students without disabilities being moved.
(v) That the location of classes shall be maintained within a school building for at least 3 school years.
(3) Each special education class is:
(i) Maintained as close as appropriate to the ebb and flow of usual school activities.
(ii) Located where noise will not interfere with instruction.
(iii) Located only in space that is designed for purposes of instruction.
(iv) Readily accessible.
(v) Composed of at least 28 square feet per student.
Source The provisions of this § 14.144 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021.
§ 14.145. Least restrictive environment requirements.
Students with disabilities shall be educated in the least restrictive environment. Each school entity shall ensure that:
(1) To the maximum extent appropriate, and as provided in the IEP, the student with a disability is educated with nondisabled peers.
(2) Special classes, separate schooling or other removal of a student with a disability from the regular education class occurs only when the nature or severity of the disability is such that education in the regular education class with the use of appropriate supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily.
(3) A student may not be determined to require separate education because the child cannot achieve at the same level as classmates who do not have disabilities if the child can, with the full range of supplementary aids and services, make meaningful progress in the goals included in the student’s IEP.
(4) A student may not be removed from or determined to be ineligible for placement in a regular education classroom solely because of the nature or severity of the student’s disability, or solely because educating the student in the regular education classroom would necessitate additional cost or for administrative convenience.
(5) School entities shall be required to provide access to a full continuum of placement options.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.145 adopted under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.145 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575.
§ 14.146. Age range restrictions.
(a) The maximum age range in specialized settings shall be 3 years in elementary school (grades K—6) and 4 years in secondary school (grades 7—12).
(b) A student with a disability may not be placed in a class in which the chronological age from the youngest to the oldest student exceeds these limits unless an exception is determined to be appropriate by the IEP team of that student and is justified in the IEP.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.146 adopted under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.146 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575.
EARLY INTERVENTION
§ 14.151. Purpose.
(a) This section and § § 14.152—14.158 (relating to early intervention) apply to services and programs for eligible young children.
(b) Notwithstanding the requirements incorporated by reference, with regard to early intervention services:
(1) The Department will provide for the delivery of early intervention services.
(2) The Department may provide for the delivery of some or all of these services through mutually agreed-upon written arrangements. Each mutually agreed-upon written arrangement may include memoranda of understanding under an approved plan submitted to the Department by a school entity or other agencies.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.151 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1929 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.151 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (279589).
§ 14.152. Child find, public awareness and screening.
(a) Each early intervention agency shall adopt and use a system to locate and identify eligible young children and young children thought to be eligible who reside within the boundary served by the early intervention agency.
(b) Each early intervention agency shall conduct awareness activities to inform the public of early intervention services and programs and the manner by which to request these services and programs.
(c) Each early intervention agency shall provide annual public notification, published or announced in newspapers or other media, or both, with circulation adequate to notify parents throughout the area served by the agency of child identification activities and of the procedures followed to ensure confidentiality of information pertaining to eligible young children in accordance with this chapter.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.152 issued under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1929 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.152 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021.
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.151 (relating to purpose).
§ 14.153. Evaluation.
Notwithstanding the requirements in 34 CFR 300.122 (relating to evaluation):
(1) Evaluations shall be conducted by early intervention agencies for children who are thought to be eligible for early intervention and who are referred for evaluation.
(2) Evaluations shall be sufficient in scope and depth to investigate information relevant to the young child’s suspected disability, including physical development, cognitive and sensory development, learning problems, learning strengths and educational need, communication development, social and emotional development, self-help skills and health considerations, as well as an assessment of the family’s perceived strengths and needs which will enhance the child’s development.
(3) The assessment must include information to assist the group of qualified professionals and parents to determine whether the child has a disability and needs special education and related services.
(4) The following time line applies to the completion of evaluations and reevaluations under this section:
(i) Initial evaluation or reevaluation shall be completed and a copy of the evaluation report presented to the parents no later than 60 calendar days after the early intervention agency receives written parental consent.
(ii) Notwithstanding the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.303 (relating to reevaluations), a reevaluation report shall be provided within 60 calendar days from the date that the parental consent for reevaluation was received.
(iii) Reevaluations shall occur at least every 2 years.
(5) Each eligible young child shall be evaluated by an MDT, to make a determination of continued eligibility for early intervention services and to develop an evaluation report in accordance with the requirements concerning evaluation under § 14.123 (relating to evaluation), excluding the provision to include a certified school psychologist where appropriate under § 14.123(a).
Authority The provisions of this § 14.153 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.153 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (279590).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.151 (relating to purpose).
§ 14.154. IEP.
(a) An IEP is a written plan for the provision of appropriate early intervention services to an eligible young child, including services to enable the family to enhance the young child’s development. The IEP shall be based on and be responsive to the results of the evaluation.
(b) Notwithstanding the requirements incorporated by reference, the IEP team shall include:
(1) At least one special education teacher or special education provider.
(2) An agency representative familiar with appropriate activities for preschool children and knowledgeable about the availability of the resources of the early intervention agency. With regard to the adoption of 34 CFR 300.344(a)(4) (relating to IEP team), the agency representative shall be qualified to provide or supervise the provision of specially designed instruction to meet the needs of children with disabilities. This could include a preschool supervisor or service coordinator or designee of the early intervention agency.
(c) With parental consent, the IEP must include a section on family services, which provides for appropriate services to assist the family in supporting the eligible young child’s development.
(d) Notwithstanding the requirements incorporated by reference, the following time lines govern the preparation and implementation of IEPs:
(1) The IEP of each eligible young child shall be implemented as soon as possible, but no later than 14 calendar days after the completion of the IEP.
(2) The IEP of each eligible young child shall be reviewed by the IEP team at least annually.
(e) For children who are within 1 year of transition to a program for school age students, the IEP must contain goals and objectives which address the transition process.
(f) Progress indicators include, but are not limited to, IEP annotation, dated progress and documented parental feedback.
(g) If an eligible young child moves from one early intervention agency to another in this Commonwealth, the new early intervention agency shall implement the existing IEP to the extent possible or shall provide services and programs specified in an interim IEP agreed to by the parents until a new IEP is developed and implemented or until the completion of due process proceedings under this chapter.
(h) Every eligible young child receiving special education and related services provided for in the IEP developed prior to July 1, 2008, shall continue to receive the special education and related services under that IEP subject to the terms, limitations and conditions set forth in law.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.154 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.154 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (279591) and (279592).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.151 (relating to purpose).
§ 14.155. Range of services.
(a) The Department will ensure that options are available to meet the needs of children eligible for early intervention. The options may be made available directly by early intervention agencies or through contractual arrangements for services and programs with other agencies in the community, including preschools, provided that the other agencies are subject to the supervision or licensure of the Department of Public Welfare or licensed by the State Board of Private Academic Schools.
(b) The IEP team shall recommend early intervention services to be provided in the least restrictive environment with appropriate and necessary supplementary aids and services. The placement options may include one or more of the following:
(1) Early childhood environment. Services provided in a typical preschool program with noneligible young children.
(2) Early childhood special education environment. Services provided in a special education preschool program funded by the early intervention agency.
(3) Home environment. Services provided in the home.
(4) Services outside of the home environment. Services provided outside of the home environment.
(5) Specialized environment. Services provided in a specialized setting, including the following:
(i) An approved private school.
(ii) A residential school, residential facility, State school or hospital or special secure setting.
(iii) An approved out-of-State program.
(c) The duration of early intervention services, in terms of program days and years, must accommodate the individual needs of eligible young children.
(1) The duration of early intervention services shall be developed by each early intervention agency in accordance with the Mutually Agreed upon Written Arrangement (MAWA) and shall be included in the MAWA’s plan under § 14.104 (relating to educational plans).
(2) Some eligible young children may lose skills over breaks and have difficulty in regaining these skills as evidenced through child performance data. In those cases, the IEP team shall consider whether services should be provided during the break period to maintain skills.
(d) The caseloads of professional personnel shall be determined on the basis of the amount of time required to fulfill eligible young children’s IEPs. The following caseload requirements shall be used for preschool early intervention programs:
(1) Early intervention itinerant teachers. Teachers who provide services in a typical preschool, community program or the child’s home, shall have a caseload range of 20—40 children, based on the duration and frequency of service as indicated on each IEP.
(2) Early intervention classroom teachers. Early intervention classroom teachers, who provide specialized instruction in an early intervention classroom, may have up to 6 young children in their classroom and may have additional children up to a maximum of 11, provided that one additional teacher or paraprofessional is assigned to the classroom.
(3) Speech therapists. Speech therapists who provide services in classrooms, typical preschools, community programs or the child’s home shall have 25—50 children based on the duration and frequency of service as indicated on each IEP.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.155 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P. S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.155 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (279592) and (295327) to (295328).
Notes of Decisions Least Restrictive Environment
The definition of the ‘‘mandated least restrictive environment’’ in this Commonwealth’s early intervention regulations differs significantly from that of IDEA, in that it specifically considers that for a preschool aged child, home may be the least restrictive environment. Delaware County Intermediate Unit v. Jonathan S., 809 A.2d 1051 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002); appeal denied at 835 A.2d 710 (Pa. 2003).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.151 (relating to purpose).
§ 14.156. System of quality assurance.
The Department will assure in accordance with section 302(b) of the act (11 P. S. § 875-302(b)) through its monitoring and technical assistance activities, a system of quality assurance, including evaluation of the developmental appropriateness, quality and effectiveness of programs; assurance of compliance with program standards; documented progress indicators; and provision of assistance to assure compliance. These requirements will apply to those programs operated by the early intervention agency directly or through providers contracted by the early intervention agency.
Source The provisions of this § 14.156 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021.
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.151 (relating to purpose).
§ 14.157. Exit criteria.
(a) Under section 301(14) of the act (11 P. S. § 875-301(14)), children shall be exited subject to § § 14.161 and 141.162 (relating to procedural safeguards) from early intervention based on one or more of the following criteria:
(1) The child has reached the age of beginners and is therefore no longer eligible for early intervention services authorized under the act.
(2) The child has functioned within the range of normal development for 4 months, with an IEP, and as verified by the IEP team.
(3) The parent or guardian withdrew the child from early intervention for other reasons.
(b) If the child does not meet exit criteria and the child’s IEP demonstrates that the child will benefit from services which can be provided only through special education, nothing in the law or this chapter prevents that placement.
Source The provisions of this § 14.157 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021.
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.151 (relating to purpose).
§ 14.158. Data collection.
The Department will require early intervention agencies to maintain accurate information concerning eligible young children and the types of services received, and to report that information in aggregate at predetermined dates throughout the fiscal year. The Secretary will prescribe the format, content, data items and time for submission of the required information.
Source The provisions of this § 14.158 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021.
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 14.151 (relating to purpose).
PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS
§ 14.161. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 14.161 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (307721) to (307722).
Notes of Decision Consumer Complaint
Parents/complainants had no right to appeal a determination of a consumer complaint in which the parents alleged a general failure to provide a preconference hearing and a due process hearing. Complainants are not considered a ‘‘party’’ to a proceeding before the Department upon the filing of a consumer complaint and, therefore, may not file an appeal of a decision. Wolfe v. Lower Merion School District, 801 A.2d 639 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002).
§ 14.162. Impartial due process hearing and expedited due process hearing.
(a) In addition to the requirements incorporated by reference in 34 CFR 300.504 (relating to procedural safeguard notice), with regard to a student who has an intellectual disability or who is thought to have an intellectual disability, a notice when mailed shall be issued to the parent by certified mail (addressee only, return receipt requested).
(b) If parents disagree with the school district’s, or the early intervention agency’s in the case of a young child, identification, evaluation, or placement of, or the provision of a free appropriate public education to the student or young child, the parent may request an impartial due process hearing.
(c) A school district or early intervention agency may request a hearing to proceed with an initial evaluation or a reevaluation when a parent fails to respond to the district or early intervention agency’s proposed evaluation or reevaluation. When a parent rejects the district or early intervention agency’s proposed identification of a child, proposed evaluation, proposed provision of a free appropriate public education or proposed educational placement, other than the initial placement, the school district or early intervention agency may request an impartial due process hearing. If the parent fails to respond or refuses to consent to the initial provision of special education services, neither due process nor mediation may be used to obtain agreement or a ruling that the services may be provided.
(d) The hearing for a school aged child with a disability or thought to be a child with a disability shall be held in the school district at a place and time reasonably convenient to the parents and child involved. A hearing for an eligible young child or thought to be an eligible young child shall be conducted at a place and time reasonably convenient to the parents and child involved. These options shall be set forth in the notice provided for requesting a hearing.
(e) The hearing shall be an oral, personal hearing and shall be closed to the public unless the parents request an open hearing. If the hearing is open, the decision issued in the case, and only the decision, shall be available to the public. If the hearing is closed, the decision shall be treated as a record of the student or young child and may not be available to the public.
(f) The decision of the hearing officer shall include findings of fact, discussion and conclusions of law. Although technical rules of evidence will not be followed, the decision shall be based solely upon the substantial evidence presented at the hearing.
(g) The hearing officer shall have the authority to order that additional evidence be presented.
(h) A written or at the option of the parents, electronic verbatim record of the hearing shall, upon request, be made and provided to parents at no cost.
(i) Parents may be represented by legal counsel and accompanied and advised by individuals with special knowledge or training with respect to the problems of children with disabilities.
(j) A parent or parent’s representative shall be given access to educational records, including any tests or reports upon which the proposed action is based.
(k) A party may prohibit the introduction of evidence at the hearing that has not been disclosed to that party at least 5-business days before the hearing.
(l) A party has the right to compel the attendance of and question witnesses who may have evidence upon which the proposed action might be based.
(m) A party has the right to present evidence and testimony, including expert medical, psychological or educational testimony.
(n) A party to a hearing has the right to obtain written, or, at the option of the parents, electronic findings of fact and decisions.
(o) The decision of the hearing officer regarding a child with a disability or thought to be a child with a disability may be appealed to a court of competent jurisdiction. In notifying the parties of the decision, the hearing officer shall indicate the courts to which an appeal may be taken.
(p) The following applies to coordination services for hearings and to hearing officers:
(1) The Secretary may contract for coordination services for hearings related to a child with a disability or thought to be a child with a disability. The coordination services may include arrangements for stenographic services, arrangements for hearing officer services (including the compensation of hearing officers), scheduling of hearings and other functions in support of procedural consistency and the rights of the parties to hearings. The compensation of hearing officers does not cause them to become employees of the Department.
(2) A hearing officer may not be an employee or agent of the school entity in which the parents or the child with a disability or thought to be a child with a disability resides, or of an agency that is responsible for the education or care of the child with a disability or thought to be a child with a disability or by a person having a personal or professional interest that would conflict with the person’s objectivity in the hearing. A hearing officer shall promptly inform the parties of a personal or professional relationship the officer has or has had with any of the parties.
(q) The following time line applies to due process hearings:
(1) A hearing shall be held after the conclusion of the resolution session under 34 CFR 300.510 (relating to resolution process) or after one of the parties withdraws from mediation or the parties agree to waive or agree to end the resolution session.
(2) The hearing officer’s decision shall be issued within 45 days after the resolution or mediation session ends without resolution or agreement date.
(3) A hearing officer may grant specific extensions of time beyond the periods in paragraphs (1) and (2) at the request of either party.
(4) If an expedited hearing is conducted under 34 CFR 300.532 (relating to appeals), the hearing officer decision shall be mailed within 30 school days of the public agency’s receipt of the request for the hearing without exceptions or extensions.
(r) Each school district and early intervention agency shall keep a list of the persons who serve as hearing officers. The list must include the qualifications of each hearing officer. School districts and early intervention agencies shall provide parents with information as to the availability of the list and shall make copies of it available upon request.
(s) Except as provided in 34 CFR 300.533 (relating to placement during appeals), during the pendency of any mediation proceeding conducted in accordance with 34 CFR 300.506 (relating to mediation), unless the school entity and the parents of the child agree otherwise, the child that is the subject of the mediation shall remain in the current education placement until the mediation process is concluded.
(t) The Department will report to the Board by September 1 each year on the number of impartial due process hearings held during the previous school year. The report will also provide a Statewide summary of the results of the hearings in a manner that will not violate the confidentiality of children and families. The report will also address actions taken during the previous school year and future plans to strengthen the activities of due process hearing proceedings.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.162 amended under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.162 adopted June 8, 2001, effective June 9, 2001, 31 Pa.B. 3021; amended April 30, 2004, effective May 1, 2004, 34 Pa.B. 2324; amended June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575; amended December 1, 2023, effective December 2, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 7485. Immediately preceeding text appears at serial pages (335456) to (335459).
Notes of Decisions Consumer Complaint
Parents/complainants had no right to appeal a determination of a consumer complaint in which the parents alleged a general failure to provide a preconference hearing and a due process hearing. Complainants are not considered a ‘‘party’’ to a proceeding before the Department upon the filing of a consumer complaint and, therefore, may not file an appeal of a decision. Wolfe v. Lower Merion School District, 801 A.2d 639 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002).
Cross References This section cited in 22 Pa. Code § 11.34 (relating to excusals from attendance for other than temporary reasons).
§ 14.163. Resolution session.
The resolution session required under 34 CFR 300.510 (relating to resolution process) will be available to parents of both school age and eligible young children with disabilities. Parent advocates may attend the sessions.
Authority The provisions of this § 14.163 adopted under sections 1372 and 2603-B of the Public School Code of 1949 (24 P.S. § § 13-1372 and 26-2603-B).
Source The provisions of this § 14.163 adopted June 27, 2008, effective July 1, 2008, 38 Pa.B. 3575.
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