Subchapter A. STRUCTURE AND STYLE
DEFINITIONS Sec.
27.1. Major subdivision higher than chapter.
27.2. Chapter.
27.3. Subchapter.
27.4. Multiple definitions for section.
27.5. Single definition for section.
CROSS REFERENCES
27.11. Major subdivision in another title.
27.12. Section in another title.
27.13. Major subdivision in same title.
27.14. Section in same title.
27.15. Minor subdivision in another subsection.
27.16. Minor subdivision in same subsection.
27.17. Reference to two units.
27.18. Reference to three or more units.
CITATION OF STATUTES AND CONSTITUTION
27.21. State statute with short title.
27.22. State statute with unofficial short title.
27.23. Different years of passage and enactment.
27.24. Statute passed during special session.
27.25. Official U. S. Code provisions.
27.26. Other Federal statutes.
27.27. Constitution of Pennsylvania.
SUMMARY ANALYSES
27.31. Title.
27.32. Part.
27.33. Chapter with subchapters.
27.34. Chapter without subchapters.
27.35. Subchapter.
ENUMERATIONS
27.41. Sentence with alternate requirements.
27.42. Sentence with cumulative requirements.
27.43. Simple list following sentence.
27.44. Continuation of sentence beyond enumeration.
SOURCE NOTES
27.51. Heading where source notes not revised.
27.52. Heading where source notes revised.
27.53. Minor revision without change in substance.
27.54. Major revision without change in substance.
27.55. Revision with change in substance.
27.56. Provision entirely new.
NUMBERS
27.61. Money.
27.62. Percentage.
27.63. Age.
27.64. Time.
27.65. Measurements.
27.66. Dates.
MISCELLANEOUS
27.71. Title where single title affected.
27.72. Title where multiple titles affected.
27.73. Table of contents.
27.74. Structure of section with minor subdivisions.
DEFINITIONS
§ 27.1. Major subdivision higher than chapter.
§ 101. Definitions.Subject to additional definitions contained in subsequent provisions of this title (part, etc.) which are applicable to specific provisions of this title (part, etc.), the following words and phrases when used in this title (part, etc.) shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Action.—Any suit or proceeding in any court of this Commonwealth.
Administrator.—A fiduciary appointed under authority of law by a register of wills or court to administer the estate of a decedent.§ 27.2. Chapter.
§ 101. Definitions.The following words and phrases when used in this chapter shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Action.—Any suit or proceeding in any court of this Commonwealth.
Administrator.—A fiduciary appointed under authority of law by a register of wills or court to administer the estate of a decedent.§ 27.3. Subchapter.
§ 101. Definitions.The following words and phrases when used in this subchapter shall have the meanings given to them in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Action.—Any suit or proceeding in any court of this Commonwealth.
Administrator.—A fiduciary appointed under authority of law by a register of wills or court to administer the estate of a decedent.§ 27.4. Multiple definitions for section.
(c) Definitions.—As used in this section the following words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in this subsection:
Action.—Any suit or proceeding in any court of this Commonwealth.
Administrator.—A fiduciary appointed under authority of law by a register of wills or court to administer the estate of a decedent.§ 27.5. Single definition for section.
(c) Definition.—As used in this section the term ‘‘obstructs’’ means renders impassable without unreasonable inconvenience or hazard.
CROSS REFERENCES
§ 27.11. Major subdivision in another title.
27 Pa.C.S. Ch. 77 Subch. F (relating to judicial supervision of corporate action)—or Subchapter F of Chapter 77 of Title 27
54 Pa.C.S. Pt. I (relating to general provisions)—or Part I of Title 54
Title 18 (relating to crimes and offenses)
§ 27.12. Section in another title.
54 Pa.C.S. § 504 (relating to effect of failure to make decennial filings)
15 Pa.C.S. § 7313(b)(1)(i)(C)(I) (relating to notice of intention to appropriate corporate name)
§ 27.13. Major subdivision in same title.
Subchapter F (relating to involuntary dissolution)
Subchapter E of Chapter 77 (relating to judicial supervision of corporate action)
Chapter 9 (relating to constitutional provisions)
§ 27.14. Section in same title.
section 7313(b)(1)(i)(C)(I) (relating to notice of intention to appropriate corporate name)
section 102 (relating to definitions)
§ 27.15. Minor subdivision in another subsection.
subsection (a)(1)
subsection (a)(1)(i)
subsection (a)(1)(i)(A)
§ 27.16. Minor subdivision in same subsection.
paragraph (1)
paragraph (1)(i)
paragraph (1)(i)(A)
paragraph (1)(i)(A)(I)
subparagraph (i)
subparagraph (i)(A)
subparagraph (i)(A)(I)
clause (A)
clause (A)(I)
§ 27.17. Reference to two units.
24 Pa.C.S. Pts. I (relating to general provisions) and III (relating to higher education)
section 106 (relating to classes of offenses) and Chapter 2 (relating to sentencing)
1 Pa.C.S. § § 1909 (relating to publication) and 1910 (relating to computation of months)
section 1909 (relating to publication) or 1910 (relating to computation of months)
section 306(f)(1) or (2) (relating to exceptions)
subsection (a) or (b)
§ 27.18. Reference to three or more units.
Parts I (relating to general provisions) through III (relating to higher education)
18 Pa.C.S. Chs. 3 (relating to culpability), 7 (relating to responsibility) and 9 (relating to inchoate crimes)
section 103 (relating to definitions), 104 (relating to purposes) or 106 (relating to classes of offenses)
18 Pa.C.S. § § 103 (relating to definitions), 104 (relating to purposes) and 106 (relating to classes of offenses)
1 Pa.C.S. § § 1909 (relating to publication) through 1913 (relating to constitutional provisions)
section 3126(3), (4) and (5) (relating to indecent assault)
18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(3), (4) and (5) (relating to indecent assault)
subsections (a)(2) and (3) and (b)(3)
subsection (a)(2), (3) or (4)
section 306(e) or (f)(1) or (2) (relating to theft)
CITATION OF STATUTES AND CONSTITUTION
§ 27.21. State statute with short title.
act of July 23, 1970 (P. L. 563, No. 195), known as the Public Employe Relations Act
§ 27.22. State statute with unofficial short title.
act of May 13, 1909 (P. L. 520, No. 292), referred to as the Pure Food Law
§ 27.23. Different years of passage and enactment.
act of January 26, 1972 (1971 P. L. 761, No. 188), known as the Capital Budget Act of 1971
§ 27.24. Statute passed during special session.
act of April 27, 1966 (1st. Sp. Sess., P. L. 31, No. 1), known as The Bituminous Mine Subsidence and Land Conservation Act
§ 27.25. Official U. S. Code provisions.
28 United States Code § 2254 (relating to state custody remedies in Federal Court)
§ 27.26. Other Federal statutes.
Federal Corporate Takeover Act (Public Law 90-439, 15 U.S.C. § 78 et seq.)
Social Security Act (49 Stat. 620, 42 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.)
Public Law 85-315, Part III, § 121, 71 Stat. 637
act of October 31, 1951, § 50(b), 65 Stat. 727
§ 27.27. Constitution of Pennsylvania.
section 18 of Article V of the Constitution of Pennsylvania
section 21 of the schedule to Article V of the Constitution of Pennsylvania
SUMMARY ANALYSES
§ 27.31. Title.
TITLE 18 CRIMES AND OFFENSES
PartI. Preliminary Provisions
II. Definition of Specific Offenses
§ 27.32. Part.
PART I
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
Chapter1. General Provisions
§ 27.33. Chapter with subchapters.
CHAPTER 7 JURISDICTION OF APPELLATE COURTS
SubchapterA. General Provisions
B. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
§ 27.34. Chapter without subchapters.
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec.
101. Short title of title.
102. Scope of title.
§ 27.35. Subchapter.
SUBCHAPTER A GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec.
101. Short title of chapter
102. Scope of chapter.
103. Definitions.
ENUMERATIONS
§ 27.41. Sentence with alternate requirements.
The use of force is justifiable under this section only if the actor first requests the person against whom such force is used to desist from his interference with the property, unless the actor believes that:
(i) Such request would be useless;
(ii) It would be dangerous to himself or another person to make the request; or
(iii) Substantial harm will be done to the physical condition of the property which is sought to be protected before the request can effectively be made.
§ 27.42. Sentence with cumulative requirements.
The justification afforded by this section extends to the use of a device for the purpose of protecting property only if:
(1) The device is not designed to cause or known to create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily injury.
(2) The use of the particular device to protect the property from entry or trespass is reasonable under the circumstances, as the actor believes them to be.
(3) The device is one customarily used for such a purpose or reasonable care is taken to make known to probable intruders the fact that it is used.
§ 27.43. Simple list following sentence.
The general purposes of this title are to:
(1) Forbid and prevent conduct that unjustifiably inflicts or threatens substantial harm to individual or public interest.
(2) Safeguard conduct that is without fault from condemnation as criminal.
(3) Safeguard offenders against excessive, disproportionate or arbitrary punishment.
§ 27.44. Continuation of sentence beyond enumeration.
If the actor believes that:
(1) The person against whom force is used is attempting to dispossess him of his dwelling otherwise than under a claim of right to its possession; or
(2) Force is necessary to prevent the commission of a felony in the dwelling; the use of deadly force is justifiable under this section.
SOURCE NOTES
§ 27.51. Heading where source notes not revised.
SOURCE NOTES
(Based on original Printer’s No.)§ 27.52. Heading where source notes revised.
SOURCE NOTES Prepared by Pennsylvania Bar Association (Revised through Printer’s No. 1901) § 27.53. Minor revision without change in substance.
42 Pa.C.S. § 706: Reenactment of act of July 31, 1970 (P. L. 407, No. 223), § 504 (17 P. S. § 211.504).
§ 27.54. Major revision without change in substance.
42 Pa.C.S. § 726: Substantially a reenactment of act of July 31, 1970 (P. L. 407, No. 223), § 205 (17 P. S. § 211.205).
§ 27.55. Revision with change in substance.
42 Pa.C.S. § 543: Derived from act of June 24, 1895 (P. L. 212, No. 123), § 3, cl. 1 and § 12 (17 P. S. § § 119 and 125).
§ 27.56. Provision entirely new.
42 Pa.C.S. § 101: New.
42 Pa.C.S. § 102: New. Codification of principle in Carroll v. Tate, 442 Pa. 45, 54 (1971).
42 Pa.C.S. § 103: New. Generalization of act of August 10, 1951 (P. L. 1163, No. 401), § 204 (first sentence) (20 P. S. § 2080.204).
42 Pa.C.S. § 104: New. Patterned after 28 U.S.C. § 459.
42 Pa.C.S. § 105: New. Subsection (a) derived from Constitution, Art. V, § 10(b).
NUMBERS
§ 27.61. Money.
1¢
30¢
$10 (not $10.00 unless in column with $11.50, etc.)
$5.30
§ 27.62. Percentage.
12%
25.5%
§ 27.63. Age.
six years old
60 years of age
§ 27.64. Time.
9:30 a.m.
4:30 p.m.
10 p.m.
12 noon
§ 27.65. Measurements.
one and three-quarter miles, 21 miles
six acres, 11 acres
90 gallons, ten gallons
12 inches, nine inches
§ 27.66. Dates.
June 1956
June 1, 1956
June 1 (not June 1st or June first)
May, June and July 1938
MISCELLANEOUS
§ 27.71. Title where single title affected.
AN ACT
Amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes,...§ 27.72. Title where multiple titles affected.
AN ACT
Amending Titles 9 (Burial Grounds), 15 (Corporations and Unincorporated Associations) and 22 (Detectives and Private Police) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes,...§ 27.73. Table of contents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE 42 JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE PART I. PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
Chapter 1. General Provisions
§ 101. Short title of title.
§ 102. Definitions.
§ 103. Principles of construction.
§ 104. Effect of suspension of title by general rule.PART II. ORGANIZATION SUBPART A. COURTS AND DISTRICT JUSTICES ARTICLE A. PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
Chapter 3. General Structure and PowersSubchapter A. Unified Judicial System
§ 301. Unified judicial system.Subchapter B. General Provisions Relating to Courts
§ 321. Court of record.PART III. (Reserved) § 27.74. Structure of section with minor subdivisions.
§ 505. Use of force in self-protection.
(a) Use of force justifiable for protection of the person.—The use of force upon or toward another person is justifiable when the actor believes that such force is immediately necessary for the purpose of protecting himself against the use of unlawful force by such other person on the present occasion.
(b) Limitations on justifying necessary for use of force.—
(1) The use of force is not justifiable under this section:
(i) To resist an arrest which the actor knows is being made by a peace officer, although the arrest is unlawful; or
(ii) To resist force used by the occupier or possessor of property or by another person on his behalf, where the actor knows that the person using the force is doing so under a claim of right to protect the property, except that this limitation shall not apply if:
(A) The actor is a public officer acting in the performance of his duties or a person lawfully assisting him therein or a person making or assisting in a lawful arrest;
(B) The actor has been unlawfully dispossessed of the property and is making a reentry or recaption justified by section 507 (relating to use of force for the protection of property); or
(C) The actor believes that such force is necessary to protect himself against death or serious bodily injury.
(2) The use of deadly force is not justifiable under this section unless the actor believes that such force is necessary to protect himself against death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping or sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat; nor is it justifiable if:
(i) The actor, with the intent of causing death or serious bodily injury, provoked the use of force against himself in the same encounter; or
(ii) The actor knows that he can avoid the necessity of using such force with complete safety by retreating or by surrendering possession of a thing to a person asserting a claim of right thereto or by complying with a demand that he abstain from any action which he has no duty to take.
(c) Use of confinement as protective force.—The justification afforded by this section extends to the use of confinement as protective force only if the actor takes all reasonable measures to terminate the confinement as soon as he knows that he safely can, unless the person confined has been arrested on a charge of crime.
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