Rule 1512. Dispositional Hearing.
A. Manner of hearing. The court shall conduct the dispositional hearing in an informal but orderly manner.
1) Evidence. The court shall receive any oral or written evidence which is helpful in determining disposition, including evidence that was not admissible at the adjudicatory hearing.
2) Opportunity to be heard. Before deciding disposition, the court shall give the parent, child’s foster parent, preadoptive parent, relative providing care for the child and court appointed special advocate, if assigned, an opportunity to make a statement.
3) Advanced communication technology. Upon good cause shown, a court may utilize advanced communication technology pursuant to Rule 1129.
B. Recording. The dispositional hearing shall be recorded.
C. Duties of the court. The court shall determine on the record whether the parties have been advised of the following:
1) the right to file an appeal;
2) the time limits for an appeal; and
3) the right to counsel to prepare the appeal.
D. Court’s findings. The court shall enter its findings and conclusions of law into the record and enter an order pursuant to Rule 1515.
1) On the record in open court, the court shall state:
a) its disposition;
b) the reasons for its disposition;
c) the terms, conditions, and limitations of the disposition;
d) the name of any person or the name, type, category, or class of agency, licensed organization, or institution that shall provide care, shelter, and supervision of the child;
e) whether any evaluations, tests, counseling, or treatments are necessary;
f) the permanency plan for the child;
g) the services necessary to achieve the permanency plan;
h) whether the county agency has reasonably satisfied the requirement of Rule 1149 regarding family finding, and if not, the findings and conclusions of the court on why the requirements have not been met by the county agency;
i) any findings necessary to ensure the stability and appropriateness of the child’s education, and when appropriate, the court shall appoint an educational decision maker pursuant to Rule 1147;
j) any findings necessary to identify, monitor, and address the child’s needs concerning health care and disability, if any, and if parental consent cannot be obtained, authorize evaluations and treatment needed; and
k) a visitation schedule, including any limitations.
2) The court shall state on the record in open court or enter into the record through the dispositional order, findings pursuant to Rule 1514, if the child is placed.
Comment: To the extent practicable, the judge or juvenile court hearing officer that presided over the adjudicatory hearing for a child should preside over the dispositional hearing for the same child.
Paragraph (A)(2) does not infringe on the right to call witnesses to testify, in addition to those specified individuals. See Rule 1123 for subpoenaing a witness.
Pursuant to paragraph (A)(3), it is expected that the parties be present. Only upon good cause shown should advanced communication technology be utilized.
Pursuant to paragraph (C), the court is to advise the parties of their appellate rights orally in the courtroom on the record. The court is to explain the right to appointed counsel for an appeal if a party is without counsel, and without the financial resources or otherwise unable to employ counsel. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 6337; see also Rule 1150(B) for duration of counsel and Rule 1151 for assignment of counsel.
All the findings made in open court are to be placed in writing through the court’s dispositional order pursuant to Rule 1515. Nothing in this rule is intended to preclude the court from further explaining its findings in its dispositional order. In addition to the findings pursuant to paragraph (D), see Rule 1514 for dispositional findings before removal from the home.
Pursuant to paragraph (D)(1)(f), the court is to determine the permanency plan for the child. A permanency plan should include two plans or goals: the primary plan and the secondary or concurrent plan.
The primary plan is the comprehensive plan developed to achieve the permanency goal. The secondary or concurrent plan is developed and initiated so that if the primary plan is not fulfilled, timely permanency for the child may still be achieved. These two plans are to be simultaneously addressed by the county agency.
Rule 1608 mandates permanency hearings at least every six months. It is best practice to have three-month hearings to ensure permanency is achieved in a timely fashion and the court is informed of the progress of the case. See Comment to Rule 1608.
Pursuant to subdivision (D)(1)(h), the court is to determine whether the county agency has reasonably satisfied the requirements of Rule 1149 regarding family finding. If the county agency has failed to meet the diligent family finding efforts requirements of Rule 1149, the court is to utilize its powers to enforce this legislative mandate. See 67 Pa.C.S. § § 7501 et seq. See also Pa.R.J.C.P. 1210(D)(8), 1242(E)(3), 1409(C), 1609(D), and 1611(C), and Comments to Pa.R.J.C.P. 1242, 1408, 1409, 1514, 1515, and 1608—1611.
Pursuant to subdivision (D)(1)(i), the court is to address the child’s educational stability, including the right to an educational decision maker, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6301, 20 U.S.C. § 1439(a)(5), and 34 C.F.R. § 300.519. The court’s findings should address the child’s right to: 1) educational stability, including the right to: a) remain in the same school regardless of a change in placement when it is in the child’s best interest; b) immediate enrollment when a school change is in the child’s best interest; and c) have school proximity considered in all placement changes, 42 U.S.C. § § 675(1)(G) and 11431 et seq.; 2) an educational decision maker pursuant to Rule 1147, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6301, 20 U.S.C. § 1439(a)(5), and 34 C.F.R. § 300.519; 3) an appropriate education, including any necessary special education, early intervention, or remedial services pursuant to 24 P.S. § § 13-1371 and 13-1372, 55 Pa. Code § 3130.87, and 20 U.S.C. § § 1400 et seq.; 4) the educational services necessary to support the child’s transition to successful adulthood pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 6351 if the child is 14 or older; and 5) a transition plan that addresses the child’s educational needs pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 675(5)(H) if the child will age out of care within 90 days.
Pursuant to paragraph (D)(1)(j), the court is to address the child’s needs concerning health care and disability. The court’s findings should address the right of: 1) a child to receive timely and medically appropriate screenings and health care services pursuant to 55 Pa. Code § § 3700.51 and 3800.32, and 42 U.S.C. § 1396d(r); 2) a child to a transition plan that addresses the child’s health care needs, and includes specific options for how the child can obtain health insurance after leaving care pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 675(5)(H) if the child will age out of care within 90 days; and 3) a child with disabilities to receive necessary accommodations pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12132; 28 C.F.R. § 35.101 et seq., Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, 29 U.S.C. § 794, and implementing regulations at 45 C.F.R. § 84.1 et seq. In addition, the court is to ensure progress and compliance with the child’s case plan for the ongoing oversight and coordination of health care services under 42 U.S.C. § 622(b)(15).
Pursuant to the Juvenile Act, the court has authority to order a physical or mental examination of a child and medical or surgical treatment of a minor, who is suffering from a serious physical condition or illness which requires prompt treatment in the opinion of a physician. The court may order the treatment even if the guardians have not been given notice of the pending hearing, are not available, or without good cause inform the court that they do not consent to the treatment. 42 Pa.C.S. § 6339(b).
Pursuant to paragraph (D)(1)(k), the court is to include siblings in its visitation schedule. See 42 U.S.C. § 671(a)(31), which requires reasonable efforts be made to place siblings together unless it is contrary to the safety or well-being of either sibling and that frequent visitation be assured if joint placement cannot be made.
See Rule 1127 for recording and transcribing of proceedings.
See Rule 1136 for ex parte communications.
Source The provisions of this Rule 1512 amended April 21, 2011, effective July 1, 2011, 41 Pa.B. 2319; amended April 29, 2011, effective July 1, 2011, 41 Pa.B. 2413; amended July 13, 2015, effective October 1, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 3987; amended April 6, 2017, effective September 1, 2017, 47 Pa.B. 2313; amended November 30, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7632; amended March 22, 2023, effective October 1, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 1791. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (387429) to (387430) and (407953) to (407954).
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