CHAPTER 45. CONSERVATION OF PENNSYLVANIA
NATIVE WILD PLANTS
Subchap. Sec.
A. GENERAL PROVISIONS … 45.1
B. CLASSIFIED PLANTS … 45.11
C. UNLAWFUL CONDUCT … 45.31
D. WILD PLANT MANAGEMENT PERMITS … 45.41
E. VULNERABLE PLANTS … 45.61
F. PRIVATE WILD PLANT SANCTUARIES … 45.81
G. PENALTIES … 45.91Authority The provisions of this Chapter 45 issued under the act of June 23, 1982 (P. L. 597, No. 170) (32 P.S. § § 5301—5314), unless otherwise noted.
Source The provisions of this Chapter 45 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; renumbered from 25 Pa. Code Chapter 82, June 7, 1996, effective June 8, 1996, 26 Pa.B. 2707, unless otherwise noted. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (180623) to (180624), (183027) to (183028) and (180627) to (180659).
Cross References This chapter cited in 17 Pa. Code § 11.211 (relating to natural resources); and 17 Pa. Code § 21.115 (relating to natural resources).
Subchapter A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec.
45.1. Scope.
45.2. Definitions.
45.3. Classified plant taxonomy.§ 45.1. Scope.
This chapter establishes a plant classification system, creates permit and license procedures and regulates other activities related to this Commonwealth’s native wild plant management. This chapter applies to vulnerable plants, to naturally occurring wild plants native to this Commonwealth and to activities and persons associated with them.
§ 45.2. Definitions.
The following words and terms, when used in this chapter, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Act—The Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P. S. § § 5301—5314).
Export—The transfer of plants, or parts thereof, across state lines for profit.
Ginseng—The plant species identified as Panax quinquefolius L.
Naturally occurring—Plant species whose natural range occurs in this Commonwealth.
Pennsylvania Endangered—A classification of plant species which are in danger of extinction throughout most or all of their natural range within this Commonwealth, if critical habitat is not maintained or if the species is greatly exploited by man. This classification also includes populations of plant species that have been classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated, but which subsequently are found to exist in this Commonwealth.
Pennsylvania Extirpated—A classification of plant species believed by the Department to be extinct within this Commonwealth. The plants may or may not exist outside this Commonwealth. If plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated are found to exist, the species automatically will be considered to be classified as Pennsylvania Endangered.
Pennsylvania Rare—A classification of plant species which are uncommon within this Commonwealth because they may be found in restricted geographic areas or in low numbers throughout this Commonwealth.
Pennsylvania Threatened—A classification of plant species which may become endangered throughout most or all of their natural range within this Commonwealth, if critical habitat is not maintained to prevent their further decline in this Commonwealth, or if the species is greatly exploited by man.
Pennsylvania Vulnerable—A classification of plant species which are in danger of population decline within this Commonwealth because of their beauty, economic value, use as a cultivar or other factors which indicate that persons may seek to remove these species from their native habitats.
Special Concern Population—A classification that is composed of colonies, groups or single individuals of a plant species that the Department has determined to be a unique occurrence deserving protection. Among the factors that may be used to classify a plant population within this category are the existence of unusual geographic locations, unisexual populations or extraordinarily diverse plant populations.
Tentatively Undetermined—A classification of plant species which are believed to be in danger of population decline, but which cannot presently be included within another classification due to taxonomic uncertainties, limited evidence within historical records or insufficient data.
Wild plants—Naturally occurring native flora, except those commonly considered an agricultural commodity, including green and nongreen species or subspecies, variety or a part, product, seed or progeny thereof.
Authority The provisions of this § 45.2 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.2 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816; amended December 21, 2018, effective December 22, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (378083) to (378084) and (217121).
§ 45.3. Classified plant taxonomy.
Nomenclature used to identify species taxonomy in Subchapter B (relating to classified plants) is according to Rhoads, A. F. and Block, T. A. (2007), The Plants of Pennsylvania An Illustrated Manual Second Edition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press., unless a different taxonomic source is indicated immediately following the scientific name.
Authority The provisions of this § 45.3 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.3 amended December 21, 2018, effective December 21, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (217121).
Subchapter B. CLASSIFIED PLANTS
Sec.
45.11. Pennsylvania Extirpated.
45.12. Pennsylvania Endangered.
45.13. Pennsylvania Threatened.
45.14. Pennsylvania Rare.
45.15. Pennsylvania Vulnerable.
45.16. [Reserved].
45.17. [Reserved].
45.18. [Reserved].
45.19. [Reserved].
45.20. Special Concern Population.
45.21. Tentatively Undetermined.
Cross References This subchapter cited in 17 Pa. Code § 45.3 (relating to classified plant taxonomy).
§ 45.11. Pennsylvania Extirpated.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Extirpated are as follows:
Scientific Name Common Name Acalypha deamii (Weath.) Ahles Two-Seeded Copperleaf Aeschynomene virginica (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Sensitive Joint-Vetch Agalinis decemloba (Greene) Pennell Blue Ridge False Foxglove Agrostis altissima (Walter) Tuck. Tall Bentgrass Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Bearberry Manzanita Asclepias rubra L. Red Milkweed Astragalus neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) Sheldon Cooper’s Milk-Vetch Berberis canadensis P. Mill. American Barberry Buchnera americana L. Bluehearts Carex adusta Boott Crowded Sedge Carex backii Boott Rocky Mountain Sedge Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr. Barratt’s Sedge Carex chordorrhiza L.f. Creeping Sedge Carex foenea Willd. Fernald’s Hay Sedge Carex hyalinolepis Steud. Shoreline Sedge Carex nigra (L.) Reichard Black Sedge Carex sartwellii Dewey Sartwell’s Sedge Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Atlantic White-Cedar Commelina erecta L. Slender Dayflower Commelina virginica L. Virginia Dayflower Coreopsis rosea Nutt. Pink Tickseed Crassula aquatica (L.) Schönland Water-Pigmyweed Crotonopsis elliptica Willd. Elliptical Rushfoil Cuscuta coryli Engelm. Hazel Dodder Cynoglossum boreale Fernald Northern Hound’s Tongue Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Many-Spiked Flatsedge Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. Retrorse Flatsedge Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd. Small White Lady’s-Slipper Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. and A. Gray Sessile-Leaved Tick Trefoil Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann Leiberg’s Panic Grass Dichanthelium spretum (Schult.) Freckmann Eaton’s Witchgrass Diphasiastrum sabinifolium (Willd.) Holub. Fir Clubmoss Draba reptans (Lam.) Fernald Carolina Whitlow-Grass Echinacea laevigata (C. L. Boynton & Beadle) S. F. Blake Smooth Purple Coneflower Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. Long-Stem Waterwort Eleocharis tricostata Torr. Three-Ribbed Spike-Rush Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. Long-Tubercled Spike-Rush Elodea schweinitzii (Planch) Casp. Schweinitz’s Waterweed Eriocaulon decangulare L. Ten-Angle Pipewort Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Rob. Parker’s Pipewort Eryngium aquaticum L. Marsh Eryngo Eupatorium album L. var album White Thoroughwort Eupatorium leucolepis (DC) Torr. & A. Gray White-Bracted Thoroughwort Euphorbia obtusata Pursh Blunt-Leaved Spurge Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl Hairy Fimbry Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Eastern Milk-Pea Galactia volubilis (L.) Britton Downy Milk-Pea Gentiana catesbaei Walter Elliott’s Gentian Gentianopsis virgata (Raf.) Holub Narrow-Leaved Fringed Gentian Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Broad-Leaved Beardgrass Helianthus angustifolius L. Swamp Sunflower Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Á Löve Little-Barley Hottonia inflata Elliott American Featherfoil Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Many-Flowered Pennywort Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex Barton Creeping St. John’s-Wort Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz St. Peter’s-Wort Hypericum denticulatum Walter Coppery St. John’s-Wort Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray Inkberry Itea virginica L. Virginia-Willow Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck. Greene’s Rush Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes Junegrass Leiophyllum buxifolium (Berg.) Elliott Sand-Myrtle Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. Tall Bush-Clover Limosella australis R. Br. Awl-Shaped Mudwort Lobelia nuttallii Roem. & Schult. Nuttall’s Lobelia Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott Spherical-Fruited Seedbox Lysimachia quadriflora Sims Four-Flowered Loosestrife Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst. Nuttall’s Mud-Flower Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Short Muhly Onosmodium virginianum (L.) A. DC. Virginia False Gromwell Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. pycnostichum Fernald Adders Tongue Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M. C. Johnst. Christmas Mistletoe Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. Carolina Leaf-Flower Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl. Crested Yellow Orchid Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. Prairie White-Fringed Orchid Polygala lutea L. Yellow Milkwort Populus heterophylla L. Swamp Cottonwood Potamogeton alpinus Balbis Northern Pondweed Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen White-Stem Pondweed Prenanthes racemosa Michx. Glaucous Rattlesnake-Root Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. Comb-Leaved Mermaid-Weed Ranunculus hederaceus L. Long-Stalked Crowfoot Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr. Flame Azalea Rhynchospora fusca (L.) Aiton f. Brown Beak-Rush Rhynchospora gracilenta A. Gray Beak-Rush Ruellia caroliniensis (Walter ex J. F. Gmel.) Steud. Carolina Petunia Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. Slender Marsh-Pink Sabatia stellaris Pursh Sea Pink Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers. Sugarcane-Plumegrass Sagittaria filiformis J. G. Sm. Water Arrow-Head Schoenoplectus heterochaetus Chase (Sojak) Slender Bulrush Scutellaria serrata Andr. Showy Skullcap Sisyrinchium fuscatum E. P. Bicknell Sand Blue-Eyed Grass Smilax pseudochina L. Long-Stalked Greenbrier Sparganium natans L. Small Bur-Reed Spiraea virginiana Britton Virginia Spiraea Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak Ladies’-Tresses Trifolium reflexum L. Buffalo Clover Triglochin palustris L. Marsh Arrowgrass Utricularia fibrosa Walt. Fibrous Bladderwort Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene ex Bigelow Northeastern Bladderwort Utricularia subulata L. Slender Bladderwort
Authority The provisions of this § 45.11 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.11 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816; amended December 21, 2018, effective December 22, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757; amended September 22, 2023, effective September 23, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 5892. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (394737) to (394740).
§ 45.12. Pennsylvania Endangered.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Endangered are as follows:
Scientific Name Common Name Aconitum reclinatum A. Gray White Monkshood Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. Sweet Flag Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) S. F. Blake Eared False Foxglove Agalinis paupercula (A. Gray) Britton Small-Flowered False Foxglove Aletris farinosa L. Colic-Root Alisma triviale Pursh Broad-Leaved Water-Plaintain Alnus viridis (Vill.) DC Mountain Alder Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) M. Roem. Oblong-Fruited Serviceberry Ammania coccinea Rottb. Scarlet Ammannia Anemone cylindrica A. Gray Long-Headed Anemone Arabis missouriensis Greene Missouri Rockcress Arethusa bulbosa L. Dragon’s-Mouth Arnica acaulis (Walter) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Leopard’s-Bane Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. E. Robins. Great Indian Plantain Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clements. Beach Wormwood Asclepias variegata L. White Milkweed Asplenium bradleyi D. C. Eaton Bradley’s Spleenwort Asplenium resiliens Kunze Black-Stemmed Spleenwort Astragalus canadensis L. Canadian Milk-Vetch Bidens beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene Beck’s Water-Marigold Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britton Swamp Beggar-Ticks Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Hér. Aster-Like Boltonia Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory Wild Hyacinth Cardamine pratensis L. var. palustris Wimm. & Grab. (Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 1991, Second Edition) Cuckooflower Carex atherodes Spreng. Awned Sedge Carex aurea Nutt. Golden-Fruited Sedge Carex bebbii (Bailey) Fern. Bebb’s Sedge Carex bicknellii Britton Bicknell’s Sedge Carex bullata Willd. Bull Sedge Carex careyana Dewey Carey’s Sedge Carex crinita Lam. var. brevicrinis Fernald Short-Hair Sedge Carex eburnea Boott Ebony Sedge Carex formosa Dewey Handsome Sedge Carex garberi Fernald Elk Sedge Carex geyeri Boott Geyer’s Sedge Carex lupuliformis Sartwell False Hop Sedge Carex mitchelliana M. A. Curtis Mitchell’s Sedge Carex pauciflora Lightf. Few-Flowered Sedge Carex polymorpha Muhl. Variable Sedge Carex pseudocyperus L. Cyperus-Like Sedge Carex retrorsa Schwein. Backward Sedge Carex roanensis F. J. Herm (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Roan Mountain Sedge Carex schweinitzii Schwein. Schweinitz’s Sedge Carex sterilis Willd. Sterile Sedge Carex typhina Michx. Cat-Tail Sedge Carex viridula Michx. Green Sedge Cerastium velutinum Raf. var. villossissimum (Pennell) J. K. Morton Octoraro Creek Chickweed Chasmanthium laxum (L.) H. O. Yates Slender Wild-Oats Chenopodium foggii Wahl Fogg’s Goosefoot Chrysogonum virginianum L. Green-and-Gold Cirsium horridulum Michx. Horrible Thistle Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. Twig-Rush Clematis viorna L. Leather-Flower Clethra acuminata Michx. Mountain Pepperbush Clitoria mariana L. Butterfly Pea Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. Long-Bracted Green Orchis Conioselinum chinense (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Hemlock-Parsley Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad Spring Coral-Root Cryptogramma stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl Slender Rockbrake Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker Gawl.) Kartesz & Gandhi Fraser’s Sedge Cyperus diandrus Torr. Umbrella Sedge Cyperus houghtonii Torr. Houghton’s Flatsedge Cyperus refractus Engelm. Reflexed Flatsedge Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Source: Flora of North America) Northern Small Yellow Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum (Source: Flora of North America) Southern Small Yellow Lady’s-Slipper Cypripedium reginae Walter Show Lady’s-Slipper Delphinium exaltatum Aiton Tall Larkspur Dicentra eximia (Ker Gwal.) Torr. Wild Bleeding-Heart Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould Velvety Panic Grass Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann Slender Panic Grass Dodecatheon meadia L. Shooting-Star Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson Mountain Wood Fern Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A. Heller Walter’s Barnyard-Grass Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S. F. Blake Capitate Spike-Rush Eleocharis compressa Sull. Flat-Stemmed Spike-Rush Eleocharis elliptica Kunth Slender Spike-Rush Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. var. peasei Svenson Wright’s Spike-Rush Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Buffon & Fingerh. Dwarf Spike-Rush Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link var. fernaldii Swenson Few-Flowered Spike-Rush Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. Four-Angled Spike-Rush Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr. Beaked Spike-Rush Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schult. var. verrucosa (Svenson) Svenson Slender Spike-Rush Equisetum scirpoides Michx. (Source: Flora of North America) Dwarf Scouring-Rush Equisetum variegatum Schleich. Variegated Scouring-Rush Eriophorum gracile Koch ex Roth Slender Cotton-Grass Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. Rough Cotton-Grass Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. Wild Ipecac Euphorbia purpurea (Raf.) Fernald Glade Spurge Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) Nesom Showy Aster Festuca paradoxa Desv. Cluster Fescue Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush Pumpkin Ash Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Blue Ash Galium labradoricum Wiegand Bog Bedstraw Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) A. Gray Box Huckleberry Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torr. & A. Gray Dwarf Huckleberry Geranium bicknellii Britton Cranesbill Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. Blunt Manna-Grass Goodyera tesselata Lodd. Checkered Rattlesnake-Plantain Gratiola aurea Muhl. ex Pursh Golden Hedge-Hyssop Helianthemum bicknellii Fernald Bicknell’s Hoary Rockrose Heteranthera multiflora (Griseb.) Horn. Multi-Flowered Mud-Plantain Hieracium traillii Greene Maryland Hawkweed Hierochloe hirta (Schrank) Borb[aacute]s (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Common Northern Sweet Grass Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Vanilla Sweet-Grass Huperzia porophila (F. E. Lloyd & Underw.) Holub Sandstone-Loving Firmoss Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Nutt. Large-Leaved Water-Leaf Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & A. Gray Clasping-Leaved St. John’s-Wort Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. Purple-Rocket Iris cristata Sol. ex Aiton Dwarf Crested Iris Iris prismatica Pursh Slender Blue Flag Iris verna L. Dwarf Iris Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf. Small-Whorled Pogonia Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. Short-Fruited Rush Juncus dichotomus Elliott Forked Rush Juncus militaris Bigelow Bayonet Rush Juncus scirpoides Lam. Scirpus-Like Rush Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Elliott Narrow-Leaved Bush-Clover Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britton Nondo Lovage Linum intercursum E. P. Bicknell Sandplain Wild Flax Linum sulcatum Riddell Grooved Yellow Flax Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. C. Tucker Common Hemicarpha Listera australis Lindl. Southern Twayblade Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. Heartleaf Twayblade Listera smallii Wiegand Kidney-Leaved Twayblade Lithospermum caroliniense (J. F. Gmel.) MacMill. Hispid Gromwell Lithospermum latifolium Michx. American Gromwell Lobelia kalmii L. Brook Lobelia Lobelia puberula Michx. Downy Lobelia Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. Swamp Fly-Honeysuckle Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. Mountain Fly-Honeysuckle Ludwigia decurrens Walter Upright Primrose-Willow Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter False Loosestrife Seedbox Lycopodiella alopecuroides (L.) Cranfill Foxtail Bog Clubmoss Lycopodiella margueritae J. G. Bruce, W. H. Wagner & Beitel Marguerite’s Clubmoss Lycopus rubellus Moench. Taper-Leaved Bugle-Weed Lyonia mariana (L.) D. Don Staggerbush Lysimachia hybrida Michx. Lance-Leaved Loosestrife Lythrum alatum Pursh Winged Loosestrife Malaxis bayardii Fernald Adder’s-Mouth Marshallia pulchra W. M. Knapp, D. B. Poind. & Weakley (Source: Flora of Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Beautiful Barbara’s Buttons Matelea obliqua (Jacq.) Woodson Oblique Milkvine Mitella nuda L. Naked Bishop’s-Cap Monarda punctata L. Spotted Bee-Balm Montia chamissoi (Ledeb. ex Spreng.) Greene Chamisso’s Miner’s-Lettuce Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fern. Fall Dropseed Muhly Myriophyllum farwellii Morong Farwell’s Water-Milfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov Northern Water-Milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Whorled Water-Milfoil Najas marina L. Holly-Leaved Naiad Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) E. Greene Leafy Bog Aster Onosmodium molle Michx. var. hispidissimum (Mack.) Cronquist False Gromwell Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl Limestone Adder’s-Tongue Packera antennariifolia (Britton) W. A. Weber Á & Löve Cat’s-Paw Ragwort Panicum amarum Elliott var. amarulum (A. Hitchc. & Chase) P. G. Palmer Beachgrass Parnassia glauca Raf. Grass-of-Parnassus Paxistima canbyi A. Gray Canby’s Mountain-Lover Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene Carey’s Smartweed Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) Small Swamp Smartweed Phlox ovata L. Mountain Phlox Phlox subulata L. ssp. brittonii (Small) Wherry Moss Pink Piptatherum pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) Dorn Slender Mountain Ricegrass Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak, Lindleyana (Source: Flora of North America) Northern Green Orchid Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck Tall White Bog-Orchid Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. Huron Green Orchid Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Elliott Autumn Bluegrass Polemonium van-bruntiae Britton Jacob’s-Ladder Polygala cruciata L. Cross-Leaved Milkwort Polygala curtissii A. Gray Curtis’ Milkwort Polygala incarnata L. Pink Milkwort Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fee Braun’s Holly Fern Populus balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar Potamogeton friesii Rupr. Fries’ Pondweed Potamogeton gramineus L. Grassy Pondweed Potamogeton hillii Morong Hill’s Pondweed Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch Blunt-Leaved Pondweed Potamogeton pulcher Tuck. Spotted Pondweed Potamogeton strictifolius A. Benn. Narrow-Leaved Pondweed Potamogeton tennesseensis Fernald Tennessee Pondweed Potamogeton vaseyi J. W. Robbins Vasey’s Pondweed Potentilla fruticosa L. Shrubby Cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. Bushy Cinquefoil Potentilla tridentata Aiton Three-Toothed Cinquefoil Prunus maritima Marshall Beach Plum Prunus nigra Ait. Canada Plum Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. Mock Bishop-Weed Pycnanthemum torrei Benth. Torrey’s Mountain-Mint Quercus falcata Michx. Southern Red Oak Quercus phellos L. Willow Oak Quercus shumardii Buckley Shumard Oak Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex J. M. Bigelow Tufted Buttercup Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart Gray-Headed Prairie Coneflower Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh Lanceolate Buckthorn Rhexia mariana L. Maryland Meadow-Beauty Rhododendron atlanticum (Ashe) Rehder Dwarf Azalea Rhynchospora capillacea Torr. Capillary Beak-Rush Ribes missouriense Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Missouri Gooseberry Rubus cuneifolius Pursh Sand Blackberry Ruellia humilis Nutt. Fringed-Leaved Petunia Sagittaria calycina Engelm. Long-Lobed Arrowhead Salix candida Fl[uuml ]ggé ex Willd. Hoary Willow Scheuchzeria palustris L. Pod-Grass Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigel.) Löve & Löve Hard-Stemmed Bulrush Schoenoplectus smithii (A. Gray) Sojak Smith’s Bulrush Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla Torrey’s Bulrush Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler Northeastern Bulrush Scleria minor (Britton) Stone Small Nut-Rush Scleria muhlenbergii Steud. Reticulated Nut-Rush Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. Whorled Nut-Rush Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. Roseroot Stonecrop Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Narrow-Leaved White-Topped Aster Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Canada Buffalo-Berry Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby Virginia Mallow Sisyrinchium atlanticum E. P. Bicknell Eastern Blue-Eyed-Grass Solidago arguta Aiton var. harrisii (E. S. Steele) Cronquist Harris’ Goldenrod Solidago curtissii Torr. & A. Gray Curtis’ Goldenrod Solidago erecta Banks ex Pursh Slender Goldenrod Solidago simplex Kunth ssp. randii (Porter) Ringius var. racemosa (Greene) Ringius Sticky Goldenrod Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid. Showy Mountain-Ash Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong Branching Bur-Reed Spiraea corymbosa Rafinesque (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Dwarf Spiraea Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise Case’s Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. October Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. Hooded Ladies’-Tresses Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray Spring Ladies’-Tresses Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) A. Hitchc. Rough Dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray Sand Dropseed Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray Prairie Dropseed Stachys nuttallii Shuttlew. ex Benth. Nuttall’s Hedge-Nettle Swertia caroliniensis (Walter) Kuntze American Columbo Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & Gray) Á Löve & D. Löve Northern Bog Aster Taenidia montana (Mack.) Cronquist Mountain Pimpernel Trichostema setaceum Houtt. Narrow-Leaved Blue-Curls Trifolium stoloniferum Eaton (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Running Buffalo Clover Trifolium virginicum Small Kate’s-Mountain Clover Triphora trianthophora (Swartz) Rydb. Nodding Pogonia Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. Purple Sandgrass Trollius laxus Salisb. Spreading Globe-Flower Veronia glauca (L.) Willd. Tawny Ironweed Viburnum nudum L. Possum Haw Viburnum Viola brittoniana Pollard Coast Violet Viola glaberrima (Ging.) House (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Wedge-Leaved Violet Vitis rupestris Scheele Sand Grape Zigadenus glaucus (Nutt.) Nutt. White Camas
Authority The provisions of this § 45.12 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.12 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816; amended December 21, 2018, effective December 22, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757; amended September 22, 2023, effective September 23, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 5892. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (394741) to (394748).
Cross References This section cited in 7 Pa. Code § 128.102 (relating to protected designated areas).
§ 45.13. Pennsylvania Threatened.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Threatened are as follows:
Scientific Name Common Name Aconitum uncinatum L. Blue Monkshood Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach Small White-Snakeroot Ammophila breviligulata Fernald American Beachgrass Arabis patens Sull. Spreading Rockcress Arceuthobium pusillum Peck Dwarf Mistletoe Aristida purpurascens Poir. Arrow-Feather Three-Awned Grass Asclepias verticillata L. Whorled Milkweed Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. Blue False Indigo Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Tall Gramma Bromus kalmii A. Gray Kalm’s Brome Carex alata Torr. Broad-Winged Sedge Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. Water Sedge Carex collinsii Nutt. Collins’ Sedge Carex cryptolepis Mack. Northeastern Sedge Carex diandra Schrank Lesser Panicled Sedge Carex flava L. Yellow Sedge Carex longii Mack. Long’s Sedge Carex oligosperma Michx. Few-Seeded Sedge Carex prairea Dewey Prairie Sedge Carex tetanica Schkuhr Wood’s Sedge Carex wiegandii Mack. Wiegand’s Sedge Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Eastern Paintbrush Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small Seaside Spurge Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Elliott Maryland Golden-Aster Dodecatheon amethystinum (Fassett) Fassett Jeweled Shooting-Star Eleocharis intermedia (Muhl.) Schult. Matted Spike-Rush Eleocharis robbinsii Oakes Robbins’ Spike-Rush Ellisia nyctelea L. Ellisia Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Harbinger-of-Spring Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald Thin-Leaved Cottongrass Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton Grass-Leaved Goldenrod Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. Annual Fimbry Galium latifolium Michx. Purple Bedstraw Hypericum densiflorum Pursh Bushy St. John’s-Wort Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britton Canadian St. John’s-Wort Ilex opaca Aiton American Holly Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix in Vill. ssp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Hämet-Ahti. Richardson’s Rush Juncus arcticus Willd. var. littoralis (Engelm.) Boivin. Baltic Rush Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) L. Buch. Small-Headed Rush Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey’s Rush Lathyrus japonicus Willd. Beach Pea Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Wild Pea Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower Lobelia dortmanna L. Water Lobelia Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill Appressed Bog Clubmoss Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. Umbrella Magnolia Magnolia virginiana L. Sweetbay Magnolia Melica nitens Nutt. Three-Flowered Melic Grass Minuartia glabra (Michx.) Mattf. Appalachian Sandwort Myrica gale L. Sweet-gale Myriophyllum tenellum Bigelow Slender Water-Milfoil Najas gracillima (A. Braun) Magnus Bushy Naiad Nymphoides cordata (Elliott) Fernald Floating-Heart Oenothera argillicola Mack. Shale-Barren Evening-Primrose Panicum tuckermanii Fernald Tuckerman’s Panic-Grass Passiflora lutea L. Passion-Flower Phemeranthus teretifolius (Pursh) Raf. Round-Leaved Fameflower Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. Yellow Fringed Orchid Platanthera peramoena (A. Gray) A. Gray Purple Fringeless Orchid Poa paludigena Fernald & Wiegand Bog Bluegrass Potamogeton confervoides Reichenb. Tuckerman’s Pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. Red-Head Pondweed Ptelea trifoliata L. Hoptree Ranunculus ambigens S. Watson Water-Plantain Spearwort Ranunculus longirostris Godron Eastern White Water-Crowfoot Ribes triste Pallas Wild Red Currant Ruellia strepens L. Limestone Petunia Salix serissima (Bailey) Fernald Autumn Willow Scirpus pedicellatus Fernald Stalked Bulrush Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. Few-Flowered Nutrush Solidago roanensis Porter Mountain Goldenrod Solidago uliginosa Nutt. Bog Goldenrod Stellaria borealis Bigelow Northern Stitchwort Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC Twisted-Stalk Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fernald) Nesom Serpentine Aster Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Nesom var. novi-belgii New York Aster Thalictrum coriaceum (Britton) Small Thick-Leaved Meadow-Rue Utricularia intermedia Hayne Flat-Leaved Bladderwort Viola appalachiensis L. K. Henry Appalachian Blue Violet Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel Appalachian Grass-Fern
Authority The provisions of this § 45.13 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.13 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816; amended December 21, 2018, effective December 22, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757; amended September 22, 2023, effective September 23, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 5892. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (394748) to (394751).
Cross References This section cited in 7 Pa. Code § 128.102 (relating to protected designated areas).
§ 45.14. Pennsylvania Rare.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Rare are as follows:
Scientific Name Common Name Actaea podocarpa DC Mountain Bugbane Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer Water-Hemp Ragweed Andromeda polifolia L. Bog-Rosemary Andropogon gyrans Ashe Elliott’s Beardgrass Asplenium pinnatifidum Nutt. Lobed Spleenwort Bartonia paniculata ssp. paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. Screw-Stem Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. American Sea-Rocket Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. Brown Sedge Carex disperma Dewey Soft-Leaved Sedge Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. Many-Fruited Sedge Carex paupercula Michx. Bog Sedge Cyperus engelmannii Steud. Engelmann’s Flatsedge Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Schweinitz’s Flatsedge Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann var. euchlamydeum (Shinners) Pohl Cloaked Panic Grass Epilobium strictum Muhl. Downy Willow-Herb Erythronium albidum Nutt. White Trout-Lily Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow Creeping Snowberry Juncus biflorus Elliott Grass-Leaved Rush Juncus filiformis L. Thread Rush Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Common Labrador-Tea Lorinseria areolata (Linnaeus) C. Presl. (Source: Flora of the Southeastern United States, Weakley 2020) Netted Chain Fern Lupinus perennis L. Blue Lupine Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. Hartford Fern Menziesia pilosa (Michx.) Juss. Minniebush Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. Eastern Prickly-Pear Cactus Orontium aquaticum L. Golden Club Packera anonyma (A. W. Wood) W. A. Weber & Á Löve Appalachian Groundsel Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes Flat-Leaved Pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald Flat-Stemmed Pondweed Potentilla anserina L. Silverweed Prunus pumila L. var. pumila Sand Cherry Pyrularia pubera Michx. Buffalo-Nut Ranunculus micranthus (Gray) Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Small-Flowered Crowfoot Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne Toothcup Sagittaria subulata (L.) L. Buch. Subulate Arrowhead Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. littorale (Nash) Gould Seaside Bluestem Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) Strong River Bulrush Sedum telephioides Michx. Allegheny Stonecrop Trillium nivale Riddell Snow Trillium Wolffiella gladiata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. Bog-Mat Xyris montana Ries. Yellow Eyed Grass Zizania aquatica L. Indian Wild Rice
Authority The provisions of this § 45.14 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.14 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816; amended December 21, 2018, effective December 22, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757; amended September 22, 2023, effective September 23, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 5892. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (394751) to (394752).
§ 45.15. Pennsylvania Vulnerable.
Plant species classified as Pennsylvania Vulnerable are as follows:
Scientific Name Common Name Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll Large Yellow Lady’s-Slipper Hydrastis canadensis L. Goldenseal Panax quinquefolius L. Ginseng
Authority The provisions of this § 45.15 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.15 amended December 21, 2018, effective December 22, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (353992).
§ 45.16. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 45.16 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; reserved June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (123456).
§ 45.17. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 45.17 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; reserved June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (123456).
§ 45.18. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 45.18 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; reserved June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (123456).
§ 45.19. [Reserved].
Source The provisions of this § 45.19 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; reserved June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (123456).
§ 45.20. Special Concern Population.
As of January 1, 1988, no plant species have been listed solely within the classification of Special Concern Population.
Source The provisions of this § 45.20 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027.
§ 45.21. Tentatively Undetermined.
Plant species classified as Tentatively Undetermined are as follows:
Scientific Name Common Name Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. False-Foxglove Amelanchier humilis Wiegand Low Serviceberry Amelanchier obovalis (Michx.) Ashe Coastal Juneberry Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Roundleaf Juneberry Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Bushy Bluestem Antennaria solitaria Rydb. Single-Headed Pussy-Toes Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Western Hairy Rock-Cress Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii A. Gray Poverty Grass Aristida longespica Poir. var. geniculata (Raf.) Fernald Long-Spike Three-Awned Grass Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. Pipevine Carex crawfordii Fernald Crawford’s Sedge Carex haydenii Dewey Cloud Sedge Carex limosa L. Mud Sedge Carex meadii Dewey Mead’s Sedge Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H. O. Yates Wild-Oats Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch. Strawberry Goosefoot Crataegus brainerdii Sarg. Brainerd’s Hawthorne Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele Downy Hawthorne Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Buttonbush Dodder Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. Smartweed Dodder Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy Thin-Leaved Flatsedge Cystopteris laurentiana (Weath.) Blasdell Laurentian Bladder-Fern Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze Tall Tick-Trefoil Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub. Nuttall’s Tick-Trefoil Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond Annulus Panic Grass Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann Northern Panic Grass Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann Cloaked Panic Grass Dichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond Shining Panic Grass Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann Long-Haired Panic Grass Dichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr. Yadkin River Panic Grass Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. American Dragonhead Epilobium palustre L. Marsh Willow-Herb Eupatorium rotundifolium L. Round-Leaved Thoroughwort Filipendula rubra (Hill) B. L. Rob. Queen-of-the-Prairie Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt. Yellow Gentian Gentiana saponaria L. Soapwort Gentian Gentiana villosa L. Striped Gentian Glyceria acutiflora Torr. Sharp-Flowered Manna-Grass Gymnocarpium appalachianum K. M. Pryer & Haufler Appalachian Oak Fern Houstonia purpurea L. var. purpurea Purple Bluets Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook) Torr. & A. Gray Nits-and-Lice Lathyrus palustris L. Vetchling Lemna turionifera Landolt Winter Duckweed Leucothoe racemosa (L.) A. Gray Swamp Dog-Hobble Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. Northern Blazing-Star Lonicera hirsuta Eaton Hairy Honeysuckle Luzula bulbosa (A. W. Wood) Rybd. Wood-Rush Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Swartz var. brachypoda (A. Gray) F. Morris & E. A. Eames White Adder’s-Mouth Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britton Heart-Leafed Meehania Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. Sharp-Pointed Muhly Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fernald Small Yellow Pond-Lily Oenothera pilosella Raf. Evening-Primrose Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. Stiff Cowbane Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Á Löve Prairie Ragwort Panicum flexile (Gatt.) Scribn. Wiry Witchgrass Panicum longifolium Torr. Long-Leaved Panic Grass Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fernald var. nuttallii (Small) Fernald Whitlow Wort Parthenium intergrifolium L. American Fever-Few Paspalum floridanum (Michx.) var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey Florida Beadgrass Paspalum laeve (Michx.) var. pilosum Scribn. Field Beadgrass Paspalum setaceum Michx. Slender Beadgrass Phlox pilosa L. Downy Phlox Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Lance Fog-Fruit Physalis virginiana Mill. Virginia Ground-Cherry Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex Gray) Lindl. Hooker’s Orchid Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. Shrubby Camphor-Weed Poa languida A. Hitchc. Drooping Bluegrass Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. Riverweed Polygala polygama Walter Racemed Milkwort Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisn. Eastern Jointweed Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum (Coleman) Fern. Stipuled Water-Smartweed Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Bushy Knotweed Potamogeton filiformis Pers. var. borealis (Raf.) St. John Slender Pondweed Potamogeton oakesianus J. W. Robbins Oakes’ Pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus L. Clasping-Stemmed Pondweed Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperr. Hairy Mountain-Mint Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With. White Water-Crowfoot Ranunculus flammula L. Lesser Spearwort Rhamnus alnifolia L’ Hér Alder-Leaved Buckthorn Rhynchospora recognita (Gale) Kral Small Globe Beak-Rush Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Swamp Currant Rosa virginiana P. Mill. Virginia Rose Rubus setosus Bigelow Small Bristleberry Rumex hastatulus Baldwin ex Elliott Heart Sorrell Samolus parviflorus Raf. Pineland Pimpernel Saxifraga micranthidifolia (Haw.) Steud. Lettuce Saxifrage Scleria triglomerata Michx. Whip Nut-Rush Scutellaria saxatilis Riddell Rock Skullcap Senna marilandica (L.) Link Wild Senna Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. Blue-Eyed-Grass Solidago rigida L. Hard-Leaved Goldenrod Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. Slender Ladies’-Tresses Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. Hyssop Hedge-Nettle Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Stearns & Poggenb. Pencil-Flower Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom Bushy Aster Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom White Heath Aster Taxus canadensis Marsh. American Yew Trillium flexipes Raf. Declined Trillium Triosteum angustifolium L. Horse Gentian Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. Eastern Gammagrass Uvularia pudica Michx. Mountain Bellwort Viburnum trilobum Marshall Highbush-Cranberry Viola renifolia A. Gray Kidney-Leaved Violet Vitis cinerea (Englem. in A. Gray) Englem. ex Millardet var. baileyana (Munson) Comeaux Possum-Grape Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) Landolt Dotted Dotted Watermeal
Authority The provisions of this § 45.21 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P.S. § 5307); and sections 305(a)(9) and 313(g) of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P.S. § § 1340.305(a)(9) and 1340.313(g)).
Source The provisions of this § 45.21 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816; amended December 21, 2018, effective December 22, 2018, 48 Pa.B. 7757; amended September 22, 2023, effective September 23, 2023, 53 Pa.B. 5892. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (394753) to (394758).
Subchapter C. UNLAWFUL CONDUCT
Sec.
45.31. General restrictions regarding threatened or endangered species.
45.32. Plants in State Parks and State Forest lands.
45.33. General restrictions regarding vulnerable plants.
45.34. Restrictions regarding private wild plant sanctuaries.
45.35. Compliance with regulations.§ 45.31. General restrictions regarding threatened or endangered species.
(a) A person, other than the landowner, a person having a bona fide property interest in the affected land or Bureau of Forestry personnel in the performance of their official duties, may not disturb, pick, take, possess, destroy, mutilate, remove, collect or transplant plants classified as Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
(b) A person may not transport with the intent to sell, sell or export plants classified as Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened.
§ 45.32. Plants in State Parks and State Forest lands.
A person may not disturb, pick or take wild plants from State Parks and State Forest lands, except as provided by this chapter, and Chapters 11, 21 and 23 (relating to general provisions; general provisions; and State Forest Picnic areas).
§ 45.33. General restrictions regarding vulnerable plants.
(a) A person, other than the landowner, a person having a bona fide interest in the affected land or Bureau of Forestry personnel in the performance of their official duties, may not disturb, pick, take or possess plants classified as Pennsylvania Vulnerable, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
(b) A person may not buy, trade or barter plants classified as Pennsylvania Vulnerable, or parts thereof, with the intent to sell them within this Commonwealth, or export them from this Commonwealth, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
§ 45.34. Restrictions regarding private wild plant sanctuaries.
A person, other than the landowner or a person having a bona fide property interest in the affected land, may not willfully adversely alter or destroy the local ecosystem of a private wild plant sanctuary.
§ 45.35. Compliance with regulations.
Violation of this chapter is punishable as provided in the act and § 45.91 (relating to penalties).
Subchapter D. WILD PLANT MANAGEMENT PERMITS
Sec.
45.41. General requirements for a permit.
45.42. Permit activities.
45.43. Compliance with permit.
45.44. Permit application contents.
45.45. Permit fee; expiration of permit.
45.46. Criteria for approval of a wild plant management permit.
45.47. Conditions of permit.
45.48. Reporting of new information.
45.49. Transfer of permit prohibited.
45.50. Revocation.§ 45.41. General requirements for a permit.
(a) A person, other than the landowner, a person having a bona fide property interest in the affected land or Bureau of Forestry personnel in the performance of their official duties, may not remove, collect or transplant wild plants classified as Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened, unless the person has first applied for and obtained a wild plant management permit in writing from the Department.
(b) It is lawful to continue to possess Pennsylvania Endangered and Pennsylvania Threatened plant species that the holder has verified to the Department as being collected prior to January 1, 1988.
§ 45.42. Permit activities.
(a) The Department may issue permits to remove, collect or transplant wild plants classified as Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened, for the following activities:
(1) To conduct botanical and taxonomic studies.
(2) To transplant Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened wild plants from land areas threatened by future land development, surface mining, agricultural encroachment or other activities into public or private wild plant sanctuaries, to help assure their perpetuation as members of ecosystems.
(3) To transplant Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened wild plants into designated public and private wild plant sanctuaries to enhance their numbers or to restore their natural range.
(b) The holder of a valid wild plant management permit is permitted to disturb, pick, take and possess wild plants classified as Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened, if the activities are necessary to perform the activity for which the wild plant management permit is issued.
§ 45.43. Compliance with permit.
A holder of a wild plant management permit shall act in compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit, the requirements of the act and this chapter and other applicable State law.
§ 45.44. Permit application contents.
(a) An application for a wild plant management permit under this subchapter shall be submitted to the Department in writing, upon forms to be provided by the Department.
(b) An application for a permit shall be accompanied by information such as maps, plans, specifications and other data as the Department may require in order to determine compliance with the standards, requirements and purposes of this chapter.
(c) Information set forth in the application shall be current, presented clearly and concisely and supported by appropriate references to technical or other written material made available to the Department.
(d) An application for a wild plant management permit shall contain the following information:
(1) The name, address and phone number of the applicant.
(2) A description of the activity for which the permit is sought.
(3) The plant species to be affected by the activity.
(4) The geographic locations of the activity.
(5) A statement that landowner consent will be obtained prior to the permitted activity.
(6) Documentation of the applicant’s botanical knowledge, experience and credentials.
(7) Wild plant management permit history, including the identification numbers of previous wild plant management permits that have been issued to the applicant.
(8) Other information the Department may require.
(e) An application for a permit shall be signed and verified by the applicant with a statement that the information contained in the application is true and correct to the best of the applicant’s knowledge, information and belief.
Source The provisions of this § 45.44 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (123463).
§ 45.45. Permit fee; expiration of permit.
(a) An application for a wild plant management permit shall be accompanied by a check for $5 payable to the ‘‘Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.’’
(b) A wild plant management permit remains valid for 1 year following the date of permit issuance.
§ 45.46. Criteria for approval of a wild plant management permit.
An application for a wild plant management permit will not be approved unless the application affirmatively demonstrates, and the Department, in writing, finds the following:
(1) Potential threats exist to harm the wild plant population’s ability to perpetuate itself, and the habitat into which the plants will be transplanted is suitable or there is a justifiable need for collection of the wild plants for taxonomic and botanical studies.
(2) The applicant’s botanical knowledge and experience are sufficient to enable the applicant to carry out the activity applied for on the application.
(3) The application is accurate and complete and the requirements of the act and this subchapter have been satisfied.
(4) There is no history of past or continuing violations or conduct which indicate the applicant’s lack of ability or intention to comply with the act or this chapter.
(5) The proposed activity will not affect the continued existence of, or destroy or adversely modify, the critical habitat of wild plants classified as Pennsylvania Endangered or Pennsylvania Threatened.
(6) The proposed activity will perpetuate wild plants as members of ecosystems, enhance the numbers of the wild plants, restore the range of the wild plants or add to scientific knowledge.
(7) The assessment of the probable cumulative impacts of the activity indicate that the approval of the activity will be in the best interests of wild plant management.
§ 45.47. Conditions of permit.
(a) The permittee shall carry the wild plant management permit during the removal, collection or transplanting of wild plants, and shall present the permit for inspection upon request by a person authorized to enforce the act.
(b) The permittee shall report the results of the activity to the Department. The reports shall include the following:
(1) The method of specimen identification or transplanting procedure.
(2) The results of the activity.
(3) The problems encountered with the activity.
(4) The wild plant management permit number.
(5) The record of all Pennsylvania Endangered and Pennsylvania Threatened plant species collected or observed including their identity, location and date of collection.
(6) The complete label information for all resulting herbarium specimens including the location where specimens have been deposited.
(7) The written permission of the landowner on forms provided by the Department.
(c) The permittee shall submit a report of the results of transplanting activity to the Department, by October 31 next following the calendar year in which the transplanting was effected.
(d) The permittee shall submit a report of removal and collection activities performed for taxonomic studies to the Department by the end of the calendar year for which the permit was issued.
Source The provisions of this § 45.47 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (123464) to (123465).
§ 45.48. Reporting of new information.
The permittee shall notify the Department of changes in facts or information stated in the application. Based upon the notice, the Department may require a new permit or take other appropriate action.
§ 45.49. Transfer of permit prohibited.
A wild plant management permit is nontransferable.
§ 45.50. Revocation.
(a) The Department may revoke a wild plant management permit for good cause. Good cause includes, but is not limited to, the following factors:
(1) Failure to comply with this chapter or the act.
(2) Failure to comply with a term or condition of the permit.
(3) Changes in the circumstances described in the application for the permit which indicate that the activity no longer is in the best interests of wild plant management.
(b) A person whose permit has been revoked for the reasons listed in subsection (a)(1) and (2) is not eligible to apply for, and may not obtain, another wild plant management permit for a period of 2 years from the date of revocation.
Subchapter E. VULNERABLE PLANTS
Sec.
45.61. Commercial license requirements.
45.62. Contents of commercial license application.
45.63. Criteria for license approval.
45.64. Commercial license fee and expiration.
45.65. Transaction records.
45.66. Inspection and review.
45.67. Transfer of license prohibited.
45.68. Revocation.
45.69. Vulnerable plant harvest seasons and conditions.
45.70. Pennsylvania ginseng certification.
45.71. Transfer of certificate prohibited.
45.72. Possession of unsold ginseng.§ 45.61. Commercial license requirements.
A person may not buy, trade or barter Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants, or parts thereof, with the intent to sell them within this Commonwealth, or export these plants or parts from this Commonwealth, without first applying for and obtaining a commercial license in writing from the Department. A person may take or possess these plants if the activities are necessary to perform the licensed activity.
§ 45.62. Contents of commercial license application.
(a) An application for a license under this subchapter shall be submitted to the Department in writing, upon forms provided by the Department.
(b) An application for a commercial license shall be accompanied by information or data as the Department may require to determine compliance with the standards, requirements and purposes of the act and this chapter.
(c) Information set forth in the application shall be current and presented clearly and concisely.
(d) An application to obtain a commercial license shall contain the following information:
(1) The name, address and phone number of the applicant.
(2) The activity sought to be licensed.
(3) A brief and complete description of the applicant’s business as it relates to dealing in Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants.
(4) The address where books or records describing commercial transactions of Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants will be kept.
(5) The name, address and telephone number of the person authorized to make records or inventories of Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants available for examination by the Department.
(6) If the application is in the name of a business, the form of the business—for example, corporation, firm, partnership—and the name and address of each partner, officer, director and shareholder who owns 10% or more of the shares in the business.
(7) The common and scientific names of the Pennsylvania Vulnerable plant species for which a commercial license is sought.
(8) The commercial license history, including the identification numbers of previous commercial licenses that have been issued by the Department to the applicant.
(9) Other information the Department may require.
(e) An application shall be dated and signed by the applicant. Business applications shall be signed by a partner or officer, who shall set forth his title.
(f) An application for a commercial license shall be verified by the applicant with a statement that the information in the application is true and correct to the best of the applicant’s knowledge, information and belief.
§ 45.63. Criteria for license approval.
An application for a commercial license will not be approved unless the application affirmatively demonstrates and the Department finds, in writing, the following:
(1) The application is accurate and complete and the requirements of the act and this chapter have been satisfied.
(2) There is no history of past or continuing violations or conduct which indicate the applicant’s lack of ability or intention to comply with the act or this chapter.
§ 45.64. Commercial license fee and expiration.
(a) An application for a commercial license will be accompanied by a check payable to the ‘‘Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’’ in the amount of $50.
(b) A commercial license expires on June 30 of the year next following the year of its issuance.
§ 45.65. Transaction records.
(a) The holder of a commercial license issued under this subchapter shall maintain transaction records. The transaction records shall include the following information regarding Pennsylvania Vulnerable plant activities:
(1) The names and addresses of persons from whom the licensee purchased or otherwise acquired the Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants, and the dates of purchase or acquisition.
(2) The names and addresses of persons to whom Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants were deposited, traded, sold, transferred, bartered, exported or otherwise disposed of, and the dates upon which these activities occurred.
(3) The scientific and common names of the plants.
(4) The county of origin of the plants.
(5) A description of the form of the plants—for example, whole plant, root, seeds, green or dry.
(6) The year of harvest of the plants.
(7) The weight, destination and date of export for each shipment of the plants that are exported.
(8) A statement of whether the plants are wild or cultivated.
(9) The weight in pounds and ounces and estimated number of the plants per transaction. For the purposes of evaluating the number of ginseng plants per transaction, the estimated number of ginseng plants will be determined by taking a sample from each transaction of the number of ginseng roots in 1 pound.
(10) Other information the Department may require.
(b) The holder of a commercial license shall keep transaction records required to be maintained by this subchapter for 5 years after the occurrence of the transactions to which the records relate. The records shall be made available to the Department upon request.
(c) The holder of a commercial license to deal in ginseng shall submit a dealer quarterly report relating to transaction records, on forms provided by the Department within 15 days of the end of each quarter of the calendar year. This dealer report shall be submitted to the Department and shall contain the following information for the quarter:
(1) The date of the report.
(2) The quarter in which transactions occurred.
(3) The name, address and phone number of the licensee.
(4) The license number and date issued.
(5) The weight in pounds and ounces of wild ginseng purchased or otherwise acquired from harvesters, by county of harvest, and a statement of whether the roots were green or dried.
(6) The average price per pound paid for wild ginseng.
(7) The weight in pounds and ounces of cultivated ginseng purchased or otherwise acquired from growers, by county of harvest, and a statement of whether the roots were green or dried.
(8) The average price per pound for cultivated ginseng.
(9) The weight in pounds and ounces of ginseng purchased or otherwise acquired from other licensees, and a statement of whether the purchased or acquired ginseng was wild or cultivated and if roots were green or dried.
(10) The number of pounds and ounces of wild ginseng and of cultivated ginseng in the licensee’s possession on the reporting date.
(11) The weight in pounds and ounces of ginseng sold, traded or bartered, whether the ginseng was wild or cultivated and if roots were dried or green.
(12) The identification number of State certificates used to ship ginseng from this Commonwealth.
(13) Other information the Department may require.
(d) The holder of a commercial license to buy and sell ginseng shall submit an annual dealer report for the prior calendar year. The annual dealer report shall be completed on forms supplied by the Department and shall contain the information required in subsection (c) compiled for the previous calendar year. The report shall be submitted annually for the prior calendar year to the Department within 15 days of the beginning of the calendar year.
Source The provisions of this § 45.65 adopted December 4, 1987, effective January 1, 1988, 17 Pa.B. 5027; amended June 18, 1993, effective June 19, 1993, 23 Pa.B. 2816. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (123467) to (123468).
§ 45.66. Inspection and review.
The licensee shall make available for inspection by the Department transaction records and Pennsylvania Vulnerable plant materials to be sold, traded, bartered or exported and that are on the premises. The records shall be made available for copying by the Department.
§ 45.67. Transfer of license prohibited.
A commercial license is nontransferable.
§ 45.68. Revocation.
(a) The Department may revoke a commercial license it has issued, for good cause. Good cause includes, but is not limited to, the following factors:
(1) Failure to comply with this chapter or the act.
(2) Failure to comply with a term or condition of the license.
(b) A person whose commercial license has been revoked is not eligible to apply for, and may not obtain, another commercial license for a period of 2 years from the date of revocation.
§ 45.69. Vulnerable plant harvest seasons and conditions.
(a) A person may not harvest ginseng except in compliance with applicable law, this chapter and the following restrictions:
(1) A person may harvest ginseng plants only from September 1 through November 30.
(2) Only mature ginseng plants with at least three leaves of five leaflets each may be harvested and only when the berries are red.
(3) Persons harvesting ginseng plants shall plant the seeds from the plants in the immediate vicinity of the collection site.
(b) A person may not possess harvested, green ginseng roots between April 1 and September 1 of a calendar year.
(c) A person may not harvest Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants other than ginseng except in compliance with applicable law, this chapter and the following restrictions:
(1) A person may harvest the plants only if they are mature and the current year’s seeds have matured.
(2) A person harvesting the plants shall plant the seeds from the plants in the immediate vicinity of the collection site.
(3) A person may not harvest the plants in a way that will harm the species’ ability to perpetuate itself successfully.
(d) The permitted harvesting of Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants includes picking, taking, digging, disturbing and possessing the plants if the activities are necessary to legally harvest the plants. Possession of legally taken Pennsylvania Vulnerable plants is permitted.
Authority The provisions of this § 45.69 amended under section 7 of the Wild Resource Conservation Act (32 P. S. § 5307); and sections 305 and 313 of the Conservation and Natural Resources Act (71 P. S. § § 1340.305 and 1340.313).
Source The provisions of this § 45.69 amended July 19, 2013, effective July 20, 2013, 43 Pa.B. 4077. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (217152).
§ 45.70. Pennsylvania ginseng certification.
(a) A person may not export Pennsylvania ginseng from this Commonwealth without first obtaining a commercial license and a Pennsylvania ginseng certificate.
(b) A Pennsylvania ginseng certificate shall be required for each export shipment of Pennsylvania ginseng.
(c) To be certified, the state of origin for wild ginseng or cultivated ginseng shall be Pennsylvania.
(d) A Pennsylvania ginseng certificate will not be issued unless the licensee presents the shipment to the Department at a designated facility and presents the following information on a Pennsylvania ginseng certificate application form, available from the Department:
(1) The licensee’s name and commercial license number.
(2) The date of the application.
(3) The name and address of buyer and export destination.
(4) A statement of whether the ginseng is wild or cultivated.
(5) A statement of whether the ginseng is green or dry.
(6) The year of harvest of ginseng being certified.
(7) The state of origin.
(8) The weight in pounds and ounces written numerically and in full and verified by a weigh slip from a Commonwealth certified weigh station or scale.
(9) The shipment number.
(10) Other information the Department may require.
(e) The Pennsylvania ginseng certificate application shall be verified by the licensee with a statement that the information contained in the form is true and correct to the best of the licensee’s knowledge, information and belief, and that the ginseng was legally taken under this chapter and applicable law.
(f) The Department may countersign the application and issue a Pennsylvania ginseng certificate if the Department is satisfied that the information in the application is complete, and if the Department finds that a representative sample supports the information in the application.
§ 45.71. Transfer of certificate prohibited.
A Pennsylvania ginseng certificate is nontransferable.
§ 45.72. Possession of unsold ginseng.
(a) A licensee who has ginseng unsold on March 31 of the year after harvest is required to obtain a weigh slip for the unsold ginseng from a Commonwealth certified weigh station or scale and submit a copy of that slip to the Department by May 1.
(b) A licensee may not obtain a Pennsylvania ginseng certificate to export unsold ginseng in the licensee’s possession in excess of the amount shown on the weigh slip.
Subchapter F. PRIVATE WILD PLANT SANCTUARIES
Sec.
45.81. Establishment.
45.82. Purpose.
45.83. Application.
45.84. Criteria for issuance of designation.
45.85. Responsibilities.
45.86. Withdrawal of designation.
45.87. Revocation.
45.88. Private wild plant sanctuary restrictions.
45.89. Transfer of private wild plant sanctuary designation prohibited.§ 45.81. Establishment.
The Department may designate sites as private wild plant sanctuaries upon request.
§ 45.82. Purpose.
This subchapter provides protection for this Commonwealth’s native wild plants and their habitat.
§ 45.83. Application.
(a) An application for private wild plant sanctuary designation shall be concurred in by all parties with an interest in the land and submitted to the Department by the landowner on forms provided by the Department. The forms shall contain a space for the signatures of all parties with an interest in the land, indicating their approval for private wild plant sanctuary designation.
(b) An application for private wild plant sanctuary designation shall contain the following information:
(1) The name, address and phone number of applicant.
(2) The location of the area to be designated, including a copy of a U.S.G.S. 7½ minute quadrangle or part thereof with the location plotted thereon.
(3) The size of the area.
(4) A description of the area including:
(i) Classified plant species existing on the site.
(ii) Habitat description.
(5) Other current and planned uses of the area.
(6) Other information the Department may require.
(c) An application for private wild plant sanctuary designation shall be verified by the applicant with a statement that the information contained in the application is true and correct to the best of the applicant’s knowledge, information and belief.
§ 45.84. Criteria for issuance of designation.
A designation of private wild plant sanctuary will not be made unless the applicant demonstrates and the Department finds the following:
(1) The proposed private wild plant sanctuary will benefit and provide protection for native wild plants and their habitats.
(2) The area proposed for private wild plant sanctuary designation is relatively undisturbed.
(3) The area contains an occurrence of a classified native wild plant species, is a habitat suitable for a classified native wild plant species, or is deemed by the Department to be a unique habitat or plant community; or if designated, the area would significantly enhance efforts to protect classified native wild plants.
§ 45.85. Responsibilities.
(a) The landowner of a designated private wild plant sanctuary shall utilize the designated lands and waters in a manner consistent with the purposes of sanctuary designation.
(b) The landowner shall notify the Department, in writing, of the following:
(1) An intent to sell or transfer ownership of the land on which the designated private wild plant sanctuary is located.
(2) Threats to the designated private wild plant sanctuary or the classified native wild plants within.
(3) Significant habitat changes within the designated private wild plant sanctuary.
(4) A proposed change in land use of the designated area.
§ 45.86. Withdrawal of designation.
Designation as a private wild plant sanctuary may be withdrawn at the request of the landowner.
§ 45.87. Revocation.
The Department may revoke designation of a private wild plant sanctuary for good cause. Good cause includes, but is not limited to, the following factors:
(1) Degradation of the private wild plant sanctuary site.
(2) Failure to comply with a term or condition of the private wild plant sanctuary designation.
(3) Failure to comply with the act or this chapter.
(4) Failure to utilize the lands in a manner deemed by the Department to be consistent with the purposes of private wild plant sanctuary designation.
§ 45.88. Private wild plant sanctuary restrictions.
A person, other than the landowner or a person having a bona fide property interest in the affected land, may not willfully adversely alter or destroy the local ecosystem of a private wild plant sanctuary.
§ 45.89. Transfer of private wild plant sanctuary designation prohibited.
Private wild plant sanctuary designations are nontransferable.
Subchapter G. PENALTIES
Sec.
45.91. Penalties.§ 45.91. Penalties.
Penalties for unlawful conduct are established by the act as follows:
(1) A person who violates a provision of the act relating to commercial licensing, or regulations issued thereunder, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not more than $200, or have the license revoked, or both.
(2) A person found to be illegally in possession of a wild plant species or part thereof protected by this chapter, or a person who willfully destroys or mutilates an endangered plant species protected by this chapter, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of up to $100 for each plant taken or destroyed.
(3) A person who violates other provisions of the act or this chapter shall, for violation, be sentenced to pay a fine of not more than $100.
Cross References This section cited in 17 Pa. Code § 45.35 (relating to compliance with regulations).
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