Subchapter E. MINIMUM STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
Sec.
5.51. Patient records.
5.51a. Patient records—statement of policy.
5.52. Approved scientific instruments of analysis and diagnostic imaging procedures.
5.53. Radiological procedures.§ 5.51. Patient records.
(a) A licensee shall maintain a patient record for each patient which accurately reflects the licensee’s evaluation and treatment of the patient. Entries in the patient record shall be made in a timely fashion.
(b) The patient record shall contain the patient’s full name, address, date of birth, sex and other information sufficient to identify the patient, the date of every entry in the patient record and the name of the person making an entry if that person is not the licensee.
(c) The patient record shall contain sufficient information to document the clinical necessity for chiropractic care rendered, ordered or prescribed.
(d) A referral to another health care provider shall be reported in the patient record.
(e) A licensee shall retain a patient record for at least 7 years from the date of the last chiropractic service for which a patient record entry is required. A licensee shall retain the patient record for a minor patient until 1 year after the minor patient reaches majority, even if this means that the licensee retains the record for more than 7 years.
Authority The provisions of this § 5.51 issued under section 302 of the Chiropractic Practice Act (63 P. S. § 625.302).
Source The provisions of this § 5.51 adopted December 27, 1991, effective December 28, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 5944.
Cross References This section cited in 49 Pa. Code § 5.51a (relating to patient records—statement of policy).
§ 5.51a. Patient records—statement of policy.
This section provides guidance to licensees of how clinical necessity for chiropractic care under § 5.51(c) (relating to patient records) may be documented.
(1) Definitions. As used in this section, the following words and terms, have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
Acute condition—A patient’s condition where the onset of the condition or symptoms, or both, has occurred or substantively worsened within a 6-week period prior to presentation and which is caused by some intervening event or trauma whether known or unknown.
Chronic care—Treatment of a chronic condition that is not expected to improve or resolve the chronic condition but is nonetheless expected to result in improvement in the patient’s functional status that has regressed after a withdrawal of care.
Chronic condition—A patient’s condition when the condition or symptomatology has existed for longer than 6 weeks. Classification of a condition as chronic in no way affects the expectation of whether the condition can be resolved or improved with treatment.
Elective care—Treatment delivered in the absence of symptoms or positive findings following examination or testing.
Exacerbation—A sudden, marked deterioration of the condition being treated, which causes a marked worsening in the patient’s functional status, and which is caused by some intervening event or trauma, whether known or unknown.
Maintenance care—Treatment after maximum therapeutic benefit has been achieved from a course of treatment or care rendered for a chronic condition, which is not reasonably expected to improve substantively the patient’s condition or functional capacity. Maintenance care is generally rendered on a predictable frequency and includes care for which the outcome is preventative, palliative or elective.
Palliative care—Treatment for an acute or chronic condition that is not reasonably expected to resolve or substantively improve the underlying injury, disease or defect and that is rendered with the sole expectation of ameliorating the patient’s symptoms as opposed to significantly improving the patient’s condition or capacity to function.
Preventive service—Service provided with the expectation of preventing worsening in a patient’s chronic condition, preventing the onset of a condition, or reducing the risk of recurrence in a condition that has been treated and resolved. A service provided based upon findings uncovered during a preventive service examination is not a preventive service.
Recurrence—A return of an acute condition which was previously treated and resolved or stabilized and which has been quiescent for a period of time.
Restorative care—A course of active care provided that is reasonably expected to substantively improve the patient’s condition or the patient’s capacity to function.
Supportive care—Treatment for a condition once maximum therapeutic benefit has been established and after therapeutic treatment has been withdrawn two or more times with the patient failing to sustain previous therapeutic gains.(2) Restorative care. The patient record regarding restorative care should contain documentation of the development of the patient’s symptoms to include the mechanism of onset and the functional limitations associated with the presenting symptoms. The documentation should additionally detail the diagnostic test results and examination findings/indications (diagnosis) that form the objective basis for the symptoms and functional limitations. The course of treatment necessary to ameliorate the patient’s condition should be identified to include the specific therapeutic modalities or procedures to be utilized. The documentation should also identify the specific functional results or goals of treatment that are planned. Subsequent documentation should identify changes in the patient’s subjective or objective state that provide evidence of the provider’s continuing expectation that additional improvement will occur with additional treatment. Any changes in the plan of care or anticipated outcomes should be identified to include the clinical rationale for these changes. When the patient reaches a functional plateau, the documentation should detail the results obtained and whether the patient was transitioned to another form of care or was discharged. When the patient self-dismisses or otherwise terminates care, the documentation should so indicate and identify the rationale for termination and the results achieved, if any. Documentation of restorative care and necessary chronic care should contain information to support that it satisfies at least one of the following:
(i) It was reasonably expected to improve the patient’s condition at the time it was rendered.
(ii) It assisted the patient to achieve maximum functional capacity in performing daily, recreational, social or occupational activities.
(iii) It improved the patient’s condition.
(iv) It was provided consistent with the treating doctor’s diagnosis.
(v) It was provided consistent with the patient’s active symptomatology, functional complaint, or abnormal physical findings.
(3) Maintenance care. The patient record regarding maintenance care should demonstrate how the care sought to promote health or functional status, or both. Documentation of maintenance care should contain information to support that it satisfies at least one of the following:
(i) It assisted the patient to maintain the patient’s capacity to perform daily, recreational, social or occupational activities.
(ii) It was provided consistent with the treating doctor’s diagnosis.
(iii) It was provided consistent with the patient’s active symptomatology, functional complaint, or abnormal physical findings.
(4) Palliative care. The patient record regarding palliative care should demonstrate how the care was intended to relieve continued pain and to positively affect the patient’s symptomatology, and to demonstrate the need for the frequency of palliative care. Documentation of palliative care should contain information to support that it satisfies at least one of the following:
(i) It alleviated the patient’s pain.
(ii) It mitigated the severity of the patient’s symptoms.
(iii) It was provided consistent with the treating doctor’s diagnosis.
(iv) It was provided consistent with the patient’s active symptomatology, functional complaint, or abnormal physical findings.
(5) Preventative care. The patient record regarding preventive care should include a history and documentation of examination, counseling and risk factor reduction. Documentation of preventative care should contain information to support that it satisfies at least one of the following:
(i) It prevented the onset of a condition that might result in permanent disability.
(ii) It prevented the worsening of the patient’s condition.
(iii) It reduced the risk of subsequent injury.
(iv) It was provided consistent with the treating doctor’s diagnosis.
(v) It was provided consistent with the patient’s active symptomatology, functional complaint, or abnormal physical findings.
(6) Elective care. The patient record regarding elective care should demonstrate how care was intended to enhance the patient’s level of health, wellness or general well-being. Documentation of elective care should contain information to support that it satisfies at least one of the following:
(i) It was reasonably expected to improve the patient’s level of health, wellness or general well-being.
(ii) Where applicable, it was provided consistent with the treating doctor’s diagnosis.
(7) Supportive care. The patient record regarding supportive care should contain documentation of at least two trials of withdrawal of therapeutic treatment that have failed to sustain previous therapeutic gains following an aggravation, exacerbation or recurrence. The patient record need not demonstrate functional improvement beyond the previously established maximum therapeutic level.
(8) Diagnostic tests. Documentation concerning diagnostic tests should address at least one of the following:
(i) The rationale for ordering the diagnostic test so that without the diagnostic test the doctor of chiropractic could not establish a differential diagnosis to a reasonable degree of chiropractic certainty.
(ii) The extent to which the diagnostic test facilitated the proper or effective management or control of the patient’s condition, including monitoring of condition.
(iii) How the diagnostic test quantified an objective status of the patient’s condition or functional capacity.
Authority The provisions of this § 5.51a issued under section 302(3) of the Chiropractic Practice Act (63 P. S. § 625.302(3)).
Source The provisions of this § 5.51a adopted March 19, 2010, effective March 20, 2010, 40 Pa.B. 1534.
§ 5.52. Approved scientific instruments of analysis and diagnostic imaging procedures.
(a) Scientific instruments of analysis approved by the Board may include any scientific instrument of analysis which the licensee has been taught to use in an accredited college, through postgraduate education or through continuing education approved by the Board.
(b) Diagnostic imaging procedures approved by the Board may include the exposing, processing and interpreting of an x-ray or other diagnostic imaging which the licensee has been taught to expose, process or interpret in an accredited college, through postgraduate education or through continuing education approved by the Board.
(c) A scientific instrument of analysis may be utilized and a radiologic or other diagnostic imaging procedure may be performed only by a licensee who has been trained to utilize the instrument or perform the procedure as part of professional education in an accredited college, through postgraduate education or through continuing education approved by the Board. A licensee who has not received this training may not utilize the instrument or perform the procedure, but may refer the patient to a health care provider authorized under Pennsylvania law to utilize the instrument or perform the procedure.
Authority The provisions of this § 5.52 issued under section 302 of the Chiropractic Practice Act (63 P. S. § 625.302).
Source The provisions of this § 5.52 adopted December 27, 1991, effective December 28, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 5944.
§ 5.53. Radiological procedures.
(a) A licensee may not perform radiological procedures on a patient unless the licensee determines clinical need.
(b) An offer or advertising of free x-rays to actual or potential patients shall be accompanied by a statement that x-rays will be given only when necessary or that to avoid needless health hazards associated with ionizing radiation no x-ray will be given unless there is a prior observable clinical need, or by a similar disclaimer.
(c) The licensee shall avoid split screen radiological techniques or other mechanisms which compensate for tissue thickness by altering the screens or the light emissions from the screens, such as the occluding of one of the screens of the cassette.
(d) A licensee may not perform radiological procedures on a pregnant patient unless the licensee determines that the patient’s symptoms are of such significance that the proper treatment of the patient might be jeopardized without the use of the radiological procedures.
(e) A licensee may not perform radiological procedures without the use of appropriate compensating filters, gonad shielding and collimation, except where the gonad shielding and collimation would exclude or obscure an area from examination which is clinically necessary for the licensee to examine.
Authority The provisions of this § 5.53 issued under section 302 of the Chiropractic Practice Act (63 P. S. § 625.302).
Source The provisions of this § 5.53 adopted December 16, 1991, effective December 17, 1991, 21 Pa.B. 5944.
Cross References This section cited in 49 Pa. Code § 5.31 (relating to professional advertising).
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