APPENDIX A
Acceleration Simulation Mode: Pennsylvania Procedures, Standards, Equipment Specifications and Quality Control Requirements
§ 1. ASM Exhaust Emission Standards and Calculations.
(a) ASM Emissions Standards
(1) ASM Start-Up Standards. The following standards shall be used for ASM tests performed until notice by the Department that the standards in subsection (2)(i) or (2)(ii) shall apply. The exhaust emission standards for the following model years are cross referenced by the number in the column in (a)(3) below:
(A) Light Duty Vehicles
Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen Model Years Table § 1(a)(3)(I) Table § 1(a)(3)(II) Table § 1(a)(3)(III) 1996+ TIER 1 1 21 41 1991-1995 2 22 42 1983-1990 4 23 43 1981-1982 4 26 43 1980 4 26 48 1977-1979 11 30 48 1975-1976 11 30 50 (B) Light Duty Trucks 1 (less than 6,000 pounds GVWR).
Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen Model Years Table § 1(a)(3)(I) Table § 1(a)(3)(II) Table § 1(a)(3)(III) 1996+ TIER 1 (‹3750 LVW) 1 21 41 (›3750 LVW) 2 22 42 1991-1995 5 26 43 1988-1990 7 29 44 1984-1987 7 29 49 1979-1983 11 31 49 1975-1978 12 32 50 (C) Light Duty Trucks 2 (greater than 6,000 pounds GVWR).
Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen Model Years Table § 1(a)(3)(I) Table § 1(a)(3)(II) Table § 1(a)(3)(III) 1996+ TIER 1 (‹=5750 LVW) 2 22 42 (›5750 LVW) 5 26 45 1991-1995 5 26 46 1988-1990 7 29 47 1984-1987 7 29 49 1979-1983 11 31 49 1975-1978 12 32 50 (2) ASM final standards.
(i) ASM equivalent test weight methodology. Upon notice by the Department in the Pennsylvania Bulletin, the following exhaust emission standards will be used for ASM tests performed. The exhaust emissions standards for the following model years are cross-referenced by the number in the column in (a)(3) below:
(A) Light Duty Vehicles.
Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen Model Years Table § 1(a)(3)(I) Table § 1(a)(3)(II) Table § 1(a)(3)(III) 1996+ TIER 1 1 21 41 1983-1995 1 21 41 1981-1982 1 23 41 1980 1 23 45 1977-1979 6 27 45 1975-1976 6 27 48 (B) Light Duty Trucks 1 (less than 6,000 pounds GVWR).
Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen Model Years Table § 1(a)(3)(I) Table § 1(a)(3)(II) Table § 1(a)(3)(III) 1996+ TIER 1 (‹=3750 LVW) 1 21 41 (›3750 LVW) 1 21 41 1988-1995 3 24 42 1984-1987 3 24 46 1979-1983 8 28 46 1975-1978 9 29 48 (C) Light Duty Trucks 2 (greater than 6,000 pounds GVWR).
Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Oxides of Nitrogen Model Years Table § 1(a)(3)(I) Table § 1(a)(3)(II) Table § 1(a)(3)(III) 1996+ TIER 1 (‹=5750 LVW) 1 21 41 (›5750 LVW) 1 21 41 1988-1995 3 24 44 1984-1987 3 24 46 1979-1983 8 28 46 1975-1978 9 29 48 (ii) ASM vehicle engine displacement methodology. Upon notice by the Department in the Pennsylvania Bulletin, the exhaust emission standards used for ASM tests performed shall be in accordance with the following tables:
LDV Exhaust Emission Standards for the ASM 5015 test
HC CO NOx 5015 LDV MY 1980 and newer 275 liters* ppm 5015 LDV MY 1980 to 1982 1.3 liters*% 5015 LDV MY 1983 and newer 1.1 liters*% 5015 LDV MY 1980 only 8,500 liters* ppm 5015 LDV MY 1981 and newer 3,600 liters* ppm
LDT Exhaust Emission Standards for the ASM 5015 test
HC CO NOx 5015 LDT MY 1980 to 1983 1,140 liters* ppm 5015 LDT MY 1984 to 1995 537 liters* ppm 5015 LDT MY 1996 and newer 275 liters* ppm 5015 LDT MY 1980 to 1983 9.7 liters*% 5015 LDT MY 1984 to 1995 5.4 liters*% 5015 LDT MY 1996 and newer 1.1 liters*% 5015 LDT MY 1980 to 1987 14,145 liters* ppm 5015 LDT MY 1988 to 1995 7,380 liters* ppm 5015 LDT MY 1996 and newer 6,150 liters* ppm
All 5015 cut points are applied by the following method: The vehicle’s engine displacement in liters multiplied by the exhaust constituent (HC, CO, or NOx) levels in concentration (HC and NOx in ppm; CO in % ten second average values). This liter*concentration value is compared to the appropriate cut point and if the value is above the cut point the vehicle is considered having failed the test.
(3) ASM 2525 and 5015 concentration tables follow (although both 2525 and 5015 standards are shown, the Pennsylvania test consists only of the 5015 mode):
(i) ASM2525 and ASM5015 hydrocarbon (PPM C6) Table
Column Number – –› 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 Vehicle ETW 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 1750 142 136 224 216 257 249 291 282 324 315 374 364 390 381 407 397 1875 134 129 212 205 243 236 275 266 306 297 353 344 368 359 384 375 2000 127 123 201 194 230 223 260 252 289 281 333 325 348 339 363 354 2125 121 116 191 184 219 212 246 239 274 267 316 308 329 321 343 335 2250 115 111 182 175 208 201 234 227 260 253 299 292 312 305 325 318 2375 109 106 173 167 198 192 223 216 247 241 284 277 297 290 309 302 2500 105 101 166 160 189 183 212 206 236 230 271 264 283 276 294 288 2625 100 97 159 153 181 175 203 197 225 219 259 252 270 263 281 274 2750 96 93 152 147 173 168 194 189 216 210 247 241 258 252 269 262 2875 92 89 146 141 167 161 187 181 207 201 237 231 247 241 257 251 3000 89 86 141 136 160 155 180 174 199 194 228 222 237 232 247 241 3125 86 83 136 132 155 150 173 168 191 186 219 214 228 223 238 232 3250 83 80 132 127 149 145 167 162 185 180 211 206 220 215 229 224 3375 81 78 128 123 145 140 162 157 179 174 204 199 213 208 221 216 3500 78 76 124 120 140 136 157 152 173 169 198 193 206 201 214 209 3625 76 74 120 117 136 132 152 148 168 164 192 187 200 195 207 203 3750 74 72 117 114 133 129 148 144 163 159 186 182 194 189 201 197 3875 72 70 114 111 129 125 144 140 159 155 181 177 188 184 196 191 4000 71 68 112 108 126 122 140 137 155 151 176 172 183 179 191 186 4125 69 67 109 106 123 119 137 133 151 147 172 168 179 175 186 181 4250 67 65 107 103 120 117 134 130 147 143 167 164 174 170 181 177 4375 66 64 104 101 118 114 131 127 144 140 164 160 170 166 177 173 4500 65 63 102 99 115 112 128 124 141 137 160 156 166 162 172 169 4625 63 61 100 97 113 109 125 122 137 134 156 152 162 159 169 165 4750 62 60 98 95 110 107 122 119 134 131 153 149 159 155 165 161 4875 61 59 96 93 108 105 120 117 132 128 149 146 155 152 161 157 5000 60 58 94 92 106 103 117 114 129 126 146 143 152 148 157 154 5125 58 57 93 90 104 101 115 112 126 123 143 139 148 145 154 150 5250 57 56 91 88 102 99 112 110 123 120 140 136 145 142 150 147 5375 56 55 89 86 100 97 110 107 121 118 137 133 142 139 147 144 5500 55 54 87 85 98 95 108 105 118 115 134 130 139 136 144 141 5625 54 53 86 83 96 93 106 103 116 113 131 128 136 133 141 138 5750 53 52 84 82 94 91 104 101 113 111 128 125 133 130 138 135 5875 52 51 83 80 92 90 102 99 111 108 125 122 130 127 135 132 6000 51 50 81 79 90 88 100 97 109 106 123 120 127 124 132 129 6125 50 49 80 78 89 86 98 95 107 104 120 118 125 122 129 126 6250 50 48 79 76 87 85 96 94 105 102 118 115 123 120 127 124 6375 49 48 77 75 86 84 95 92 103 101 116 113 120 118 125 122 6500 48 47 76 74 85 83 93 91 102 99 114 112 119 116 123 120 6625 48 46 76 74 84 82 92 90 101 98 113 110 117 114 121 119 6750 47 46 75 73 83 81 91 89 100 97 112 109 116 113 120 117 6875 47 46 75 73 83 81 91 89 99 97 111 109 115 113 119 117 7000 47 46 74 72 83 80 91 88 99 96 111 108 115 112 119 116 7125 47 46 74 72 82 80 90 88 98 96 111 108 115 112 119 116 7250 47 46 74 72 82 80 90 88 98 96 111 108 115 112 119 116 7375 47 46 74 72 82 80 90 88 98 96 111 108 115 112 119 116 7500 47 46 74 72 82 80 90 88 98 96 111 108 115 112 119 116 ASM2525 and ASM5015 Hydrocarbon (ppm C6) Table (cont.)
Column Number – –› 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 Vehicle ETW 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 1750 457 447 706 694 774 761 843 828 1118 1098 1875 431 421 665 653 729 717 794 780 1052 1034 2000 407 398 627 616 688 676 749 736 992 975 2125 385 376 592 582 650 638 707 695 938 921 2250 365 357 560 551 615 604 669 658 887 872 2375 346 339 531 522 583 573 635 624 841 827 2500 329 322 505 496 554 544 603 593 800 786 2625 314 307 481 472 528 518 574 564 761 748 2750 300 294 459 451 503 495 548 539 726 714 2875 287 281 439 431 481 473 524 515 695 683 3000 276 270 420 413 461 453 502 493 666 654 3125 265 260 404 397 443 435 482 474 639 628 3250 256 250 388 382 426 419 464 456 615 604 3375 247 241 374 368 411 404 447 440 593 583 3500 239 234 362 355 397 390 432 424 573 563 3625 231 226 350 344 384 377 418 411 554 544 3750 224 220 339 333 372 365 405 398 537 527 3875 218 213 329 323 361 355 393 386 521 512 4000 212 208 320 314 351 345 382 375 506 497 4125 206 202 311 305 341 335 371 365 492 484 4250 201 197 303 297 332 326 361 355 479 471 4375 196 192 295 290 323 318 352 346 467 459 4500 192 188 287 282 315 310 343 337 455 447 4625 187 183 280 275 308 302 335 329 444 436 4750 183 179 273 269 300 295 327 321 433 425 4875 179 175 267 262 293 288 319 313 423 415 5000 175 171 260 256 286 281 311 305 412 405 5125 171 167 254 250 279 274 304 298 402 395 5250 167 163 248 244 272 267 296 291 393 386 5375 163 159 242 238 266 261 289 284 383 376 5500 159 156 236 232 259 255 282 277 374 367 5625 156 152 231 226 253 248 276 271 365 359 5750 152 149 225 221 247 243 269 264 357 350 5875 149 146 220 216 241 237 263 258 348 342 6000 146 143 215 211 236 232 257 252 341 334 6125 143 140 210 206 231 227 251 247 333 327 6250 140 137 206 202 226 222 246 242 326 320 6375 138 135 202 198 222 218 242 237 320 314 6500 136 133 199 195 218 214 238 233 315 309 6625 134 131 196 192 215 211 234 230 310 304 6750 132 129 194 190 213 209 232 227 307 301 6875 132 129 193 189 211 207 230 225 305 299 7000 131 128 192 188 211 207 229 225 304 298 7125 131 128 192 188 211 206 229 225 304 298 7250 131 128 192 188 211 206 229 225 304 298 7375 131 128 192 188 211 206 229 225 304 298 7500 131 128 192 188 211 206 229 225 304 298 (ii) ASM2525 and ASM5015 Carbon Monoxide (%CO) Table
Column Number – –› 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 Vehicle ETW 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 1750 0.80 0.77 1.26 1.22 1.64 1.83 2.02 2.43 2.21 2.73 2.78 3.64 2.97 3.94 3.16 4.24 1875 0.75 0.73 1.19 1.16 1.55 1.72 1.91 2.29 2.09 2.58 2.63 3.43 2.81 3.71 2.98 4.00 2000 0.71 0.69 1.13 1.09 1.47 1.63 1.81 2.17 1.97 2.43 2.48 3.24 2.65 3.51 2.82 3.77 2125 0.68 0.66 1.07 1.04 1.39 1.54 1.71 2.05 1.87 2.30 2.35 3.06 2.51 3.32 2.67 3.57 2250 0.64 0.62 1.02 0.99 1.32 1.47 1.62 1.94 1.77 2.18 2.23 2.90 2.38 3.14 2.53 3.38 2375 0.61 0.59 0.97 0.94 1.26 1.39 1.54 1.85 1.69 2.07 2.12 2.76 2.26 2.98 2.40 3.21 2500 0.59 0.57 0.93 0.90 1.20 1.33 1.47 1.76 1.61 1.97 2.02 2.62 2.15 2.84 2.29 3.05 2625 0.56 0.54 0.89 0.86 1.15 1.27 1.41 1.68 1.53 1.88 1.92 2.50 2.05 2.70 2.18 2.91 2750 0.54 0.52 0.85 0.82 1.10 1.21 1.34 1.60 1.47 1.80 1.84 2.39 1.96 2.58 2.09 2.78 2875 0.52 0.50 0.82 0.79 1.05 1.16 1.29 1.54 1.41 1.72 1.76 2.29 1.88 2.47 2.00 2.66 3000 0.50 0.48 0.79 0.76 1.01 1.12 1.24 1.48 1.35 1.66 1.69 2.19 1.80 2.37 1.92 2.55 3125 0.48 0.46 0.76 0.73 0.98 1.08 1.19 1.42 1.30 1.59 1.63 2.11 1.74 2.28 1.84 2.45 3250 0.46 0.45 0.73 0.71 0.94 1.04 1.15 1.37 1.26 1.53 1.57 2.03 1.67 2.20 1.78 2.36 3375 0.45 0.43 0.71 0.69 0.91 1.00 1.11 1.32 1.21 1.48 1.52 1.96 1.62 2.12 1.72 2.28 3500 0.44 0.42 0.69 0.67 0.88 0.97 1.08 1.28 1.17 1.43 1.47 1.89 1.56 2.05 1.66 2.20 3625 0.42 0.41 0.67 0.65 0.86 0.94 1.05 1.24 1.14 1.39 1.42 1.84 1.52 1.98 1.61 2.13 3750 0.41 0.40 0.65 0.63 0.83 0.92 1.02 1.20 1.11 1.35 1.38 1.78 1.47 1.92 1.56 2.07 3875 0.40 0.39 0.63 0.61 0.81 0.89 0.99 1.17 1.08 1.31 1.34 1.73 1.43 1.87 1.52 2.01 4000 0.39 0.38 0.62 0.60 0.79 0.87 0.96 1.14 1.05 1.28 1.31 1.68 1.39 1.82 1.48 1.95 4125 0.38 0.37 0.60 0.58 0.77 0.85 0.94 1.11 1.02 1.24 1.27 1.64 1.36 1.77 1.44 1.90 4250 0.37 0.36 0.59 0.57 0.75 0.83 0.92 1.08 1.00 1.21 1.24 1.60 1.32 1.72 1.40 1.85 4375 0.36 0.35 0.58 0.56 0.74 0.81 0.89 1.06 0.97 1.18 1.21 1.56 1.29 1.68 1.37 1.81 4500 0.36 0.35 0.57 0.55 0.72 0.79 0.87 1.03 0.95 1.16 1.18 1.52 1.26 1.64 1.34 1.76 4625 0.35 0.34 0.55 0.54 0.70 0.77 0.85 1.01 0.93 1.13 1.15 1.48 1.23 1.60 1.30 1.72 4750 0.34 0.33 0.54 0.53 0.69 0.76 0.84 0.99 0.91 1.10 1.13 1.45 1.20 1.57 1.28 1.68 4875 0.34 0.33 0.53 0.52 0.67 0.74 0.82 0.97 0.89 1.08 1.10 1.42 1.17 1.53 1.25 1.64 5000 0.33 0.32 0.52 0.51 0.66 0.73 0.80 0.95 0.87 1.05 1.08 1.38 1.15 1.49 1.22 1.60 5125 0.32 0.31 0.51 0.50 0.65 0.71 0.78 0.92 0.85 1.03 1.05 1.35 1.12 1.46 1.19 1.57 5250 0.32 0.31 0.50 0.49 0.63 0.70 0.77 0.90 0.83 1.01 1.03 1.32 1.10 1.43 1.16 1.53 5375 0.31 0.30 0.49 0.48 0.62 0.68 0.75 0.89 0.81 0.99 1.01 1.29 1.07 1.39 1.14 1.50 5500 0.30 0.30 0.48 0.47 0.61 0.67 0.73 0.87 0.80 0.97 0.99 1.26 1.05 1.36 1.11 1.46 5625 0.30 0.29 0.47 0.46 0.59 0.65 0.72 0.85 0.78 0.94 0.97 1.24 1.03 1.33 1.09 1.43 5750 0.29 0.29 0.46 0.45 0.58 0.64 0.70 0.83 0.76 0.92 0.94 1.21 1.01 1.30 1.07 1.40 5875 0.29 0.28 0.45 0.44 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.81 0.75 0.91 0.92 1.18 0.98 1.27 1.04 1.37 6000 0.28 0.28 0.44 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.67 0.80 0.73 0.89 0.91 1.16 0.96 1.25 1.02 1.34 6125 0.28 0.27 0.44 0.43 0.55 0.61 0.66 0.78 0.72 0.87 0.89 1.13 0.94 1.22 1.00 1.31 6250 0.27 0.27 0.43 0.42 0.54 0.60 0.65 0.77 0.71 0.85 0.87 1.11 0.93 1.20 0.98 1.28 6375 0.27 0.26 0.42 0.42 0.53 0.59 0.64 0.76 0.69 0.84 0.86 1.09 0.91 1.18 0.96 1.26 6500 0.26 0.26 0.42 0.41 0.52 0.58 0.63 0.74 0.68 0.83 0.84 1.08 0.90 1.16 0.95 1.24 6625 0.26 0.26 0.41 0.41 0.52 0.57 0.62 0.73 0.67 0.82 0.83 1.06 0.88 1.14 0.94 1.23 6750 0.26 0.26 0.41 0.41 0.51 0.57 0.61 0.73 0.67 0.81 0.82 1.05 0.88 1.13 0.93 1.21 6875 0.26 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.51 0.56 0.61 0.72 0.66 0.80 0.82 1.04 0.87 1.12 0.92 1.20 7000 0.25 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.51 0.56 0.61 0.72 0.66 0.80 0.82 1.04 0.87 1.12 0.92 1.20 7125 0.25 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.51 0.56 0.61 0.72 0.66 0.80 0.81 1.04 0.87 1.12 0.92 1.20 7250 0.25 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.56 0.61 0.72 0.66 0.80 0.81 1.04 0.86 1.12 0.92 1.20 7375 0.25 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.56 0.61 0.72 0.66 0.80 0.81 1.04 0.86 1.12 0.92 1.20 7500 0.25 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.56 0.61 0.72 0.66 0.80 0.81 1.04 0.86 1.12 0.92 1.20 ASM2525 and ASM5015 Carbon Monoxide (%CO) Table (cont.)
Column Number – –› 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 Vehicle ETW 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 1750 3.54 4.85 3.92 5.45 4.31 6.06 5.07 7.26 5.26 7.44 8.02 9.90 1875 3.34 4.57 3.70 5.14 4.06 5.70 4.78 6.84 4.96 7.05 7.56 9.90 2000 3.16 4.31 3.49 4.85 3.83 5.38 4.51 6.45 4.68 6.68 7.14 9.90 2125 2.99 4.08 3.31 4.58 3.63 5.09 4.26 6.10 4.43 6.34 6.75 9.66 2250 2.83 3.86 3.13 4.34 3.44 4.82 4.04 5.78 4.20 6.00 6.40 9.14 2375 2.69 3.66 2.98 4.12 3.26 4.57 3.83 5.48 3.98 5.69 6.07 8.67 2500 2.56 3.48 2.83 3.91 3.10 4.35 3.65 5.21 3.79 5.41 5.78 8.25 2625 2.44 3.32 2.70 3.73 2.96 4.14 3.48 4.96 3.61 5.15 5.51 7.85 2750 2.33 3.17 2.58 3.56 2.83 3.95 3.32 4.73 3.45 4.92 5.26 7.50 2875 2.23 3.03 2.47 3.41 2.71 3.78 3.18 4.53 3.30 4.70 5.03 7.17 3000 2.14 2.91 2.37 3.27 2.60 3.62 3.05 4.34 3.17 4.51 4.83 6.87 3125 2.06 2.79 2.28 3.14 2.50 3.48 2.93 4.17 3.04 4.33 4.64 6.60 3250 1.99 2.69 2.20 3.02 2.40 3.35 2.82 4.01 2.93 4.17 4.47 6.35 3375 1.92 2.60 2.12 2.91 2.32 3.23 2.72 3.87 2.83 4.02 4.31 6.13 3500 1.86 2.51 2.05 2.82 2.24 3.12 2.63 3.74 2.73 3.88 4.17 5.92 3625 1.80 2.43 1.99 2.73 2.17 3.02 2.55 3.62 2.65 3.76 4.04 5.73 3750 1.74 2.36 1.93 2.64 2.11 2.93 2.47 3.51 2.57 3.64 3.91 5.55 3875 1.69 2.29 1.87 2.57 2.05 2.85 2.40 3.40 2.49 3.54 3.80 5.39 4000 1.65 2.22 1.82 2.49 1.99 2.77 2.33 3.31 2.43 3.44 3.70 5.24 4125 1.61 2.16 1.77 2.43 1.94 2.69 2.27 3.22 2.36 3.34 3.60 5.09 4250 1.56 2.11 1.73 2.36 1.89 2.62 2.21 3.13 2.30 3.25 3.51 4.96 4375 1.53 2.06 1.68 2.31 1.84 2.55 2.16 3.05 2.24 3.17 3.42 4.83 4500 1.49 2.01 1.64 2.25 1.80 2.49 2.11 2.98 2.19 3.09 3.34 4.71 4625 1.46 1.96 1.61 2.19 1.76 2.43 2.06 2.90 2.14 3.02 3.26 4.60 4750 1.42 1.91 1.57 2.14 1.72 2.37 2.01 2.83 2.09 2.95 3.18 4.49 4875 1.39 1.87 1.53 2.09 1.68 2.32 1.96 2.77 2.04 2.87 3.11 4.38 5000 1.36 1.82 1.50 2.04 1.64 2.26 1.92 2.70 1.99 2.81 3.03 4.28 5125 1.33 1.78 1.46 2.00 1.60 2.21 1.87 2.64 1.95 2.74 2.97 4.18 5250 1.30 1.74 1.43 1.95 1.56 2.16 1.83 2.58 1.90 2.68 2.90 4.08 5375 1.27 1.70 1.40 1.90 1.53 2.11 1.79 2.51 1.86 2.61 2.83 3.98 5500 1.24 1.66 1.37 1.86 1.49 2.06 1.75 2.46 1.82 2.55 2.77 3.89 5625 1.21 1.62 1.34 1.82 1.46 2.01 1.71 2.40 1.77 2.49 2.70 3.80 5750 1.19 1.59 1.31 1.78 1.43 1.96 1.67 2.34 1.74 2.43 2.64 3.71 5875 1.16 1.55 1.28 1.74 1.40 1.92 1.63 2.29 1.70 2.38 2.59 3.62 6000 1.14 1.52 1.25 1.70 1.37 1.88 1.60 2.24 1.66 2.33 2.53 3.54 6125 1.11 1.49 1.23 1.66 1.34 1.84 1.57 2.19 1.63 2.28 2.48 3.47 6250 1.09 1.46 1.20 1.63 1.31 1.80 1.54 2.15 1.60 2.23 2.43 3.40 6375 1.07 1.43 1.18 1.60 1.29 1.77 1.51 2.11 1.57 2.19 2.39 3.34 6500 1.06 1.41 1.16 1.57 1.27 1.74 1.48 2.07 1.54 2.15 2.35 3.28 6625 1.04 1.39 1.15 1.55 1.25 1.72 1.46 2.04 1.52 2.12 2.32 3.23 6750 1.03 1.37 1.14 1.54 1.24 1.70 1.45 2.02 1.50 2.10 2.29 3.20 6875 1.02 1.36 1.13 1.52 1.23 1.68 1.44 2.00 1.49 2.08 2.28 3.17 7000 1.02 1.36 1.12 1.52 1.23 1.68 1.43 2.00 1.49 2.08 2.27 3.17 7125 1.02 1.36 1.12 1.52 1.22 1.68 1.43 2.00 1.49 2.08 2.27 3.17 7250 1.02 1.36 1.12 1.52 1.22 1.68 1.43 2.00 1.49 2.08 2.27 3.17 7375 1.02 1.36 1.12 1.52 1.22 1.68 1.43 2.00 1.49 2.08 2.27 3.17 7500 1.02 1.36 1.12 1.52 1.22 1.68 1.43 2.00 1.49 2.08 2.27 3.17 (iii) ASM2525 and ASM5015 Nitric Oxide (PPM NO) Table
Column Number – –› 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 Vehicle ETW 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 1750 1212 1095 1819 1642 2272 2114 2725 2587 3178 3060 3631 3532 4084 4005 4990 4950 1875 1142 1031 1713 1547 2181 1991 2649 2435 3117 2879 3586 3323 4054 3767 4990 4655 2000 1077 973 1616 1460 2058 1877 2499 2295 2941 2713 3383 3131 3824 3548 4707 4384 2125 1018 920 1527 1380 1944 1774 2360 2167 2776 2561 3192 2955 3609 3348 4441 4136 2250 964 871 1446 1307 1839 1678 2232 2050 2625 2422 3018 2794 3411 3165 4197 3909 2375 915 827 1372 1240 1744 1592 2115 1943 2487 2295 2859 2646 3231 2998 3974 3701 2500 869 786 1304 1179 1657 1512 2009 1845 2361 2179 2714 2512 3066 2845 3771 3512 2625 828 749 1242 1123 1577 1440 1912 1756 2246 2073 2581 2389 2916 2706 3585 3339 2750 791 715 1186 1072 1504 1374 1823 1675 2142 1976 2460 2277 2779 2579 3416 3181 2875 756 684 1134 1026 1438 1313 1742 1601 2046 1888 2350 2175 2654 2463 3261 3037 3000 725 656 1088 984 1378 1258 1668 1533 1959 1808 2249 2082 2539 2357 3120 2906 3125 696 630 1045 945 1323 1208 1601 1471 1879 1734 2157 1997 2435 2260 2992 2787 3250 670 607 1006 910 1273 1163 1539 1415 1806 1667 2073 1920 2340 2172 2874 2677 3375 647 585 970 878 1227 1121 1483 1363 1740 1606 1997 1849 2253 2092 2767 2577 3500 625 566 937 848 1184 1082 1432 1316 1679 1550 1926 1784 2174 2018 2668 2486 3625 605 547 907 821 1146 1047 1384 1273 1623 1498 1862 1724 2100 1950 2578 2401 3750 586 531 879 796 1110 1014 1340 1233 1571 1451 1802 1669 2033 1887 2494 2323 3875 569 515 853 773 1077 984 1300 1195 1523 1407 1747 1618 1970 1829 2417 2251 4000 553 501 829 751 1046 956 1262 1161 1479 1365 1695 1570 1912 1775 2345 2184 4125 538 487 807 731 1017 930 1227 1128 1437 1327 1647 1526 1857 1724 2277 2122 4250 524 475 786 712 990 905 1194 1098 1398 1291 1602 1484 1806 1677 2214 2063 4375 510 463 766 694 964 882 1162 1069 1360 1257 1559 1444 1757 1632 2154 2007 4500 498 451 747 677 939 859 1132 1042 1325 1224 1518 1406 1711 1589 2096 1953 4625 486 440 728 661 916 838 1104 1015 1291 1193 1479 1370 1666 1548 2042 1903 4750 474 430 711 645 893 818 1076 990 1259 1163 1441 1336 1624 1508 1989 1854 4875 463 420 694 630 872 798 1049 966 1227 1134 1405 1302 1583 1470 1938 1806 5000 452 410 677 615 850 778 1023 942 1196 1106 1369 1269 1542 1433 1889 1760 5125 441 400 661 600 830 760 998 919 1167 1078 1335 1237 1503 1397 1840 1715 5250 431 391 646 586 810 741 974 896 1138 1051 1301 1206 1465 1362 1793 1672 5375 420 382 631 573 790 723 950 874 1109 1025 1269 1176 1428 1327 1747 1629 5500 410 373 616 559 771 706 926 853 1082 1000 1237 1147 1392 1294 1703 1587 5625 401 364 601 546 752 689 904 832 1055 975 1206 1118 1357 1261 1659 1547 5750 391 356 587 534 734 673 882 812 1029 951 1176 1090 1323 1230 1617 1508 5875 383 348 574 522 717 657 860 793 1004 928 1147 1064 1290 1199 1577 1471 6000 374 340 561 510 701 642 840 774 980 906 1120 1039 1259 1171 1539 1435 6125 366 333 549 499 685 628 822 757 958 886 1094 1015 1230 1144 1503 1401 6250 359 326 538 489 671 615 804 741 937 867 1070 993 1203 1119 1469 1371 6375 352 320 528 480 658 604 788 727 919 850 1049 973 1179 1096 1439 1343 6500 346 315 519 473 647 593 775 714 902 835 1030 956 1158 1077 1413 1318 6625 341 311 512 466 638 585 763 704 889 823 1014 941 1140 1060 1391 1298 6750 338 307 507 461 631 578 755 696 879 813 1003 931 1127 1048 1374 1283 6875 335 305 503 458 626 574 749 691 872 807 995 924 1118 1040 1364 1273 7000 335 305 502 457 624 573 747 689 870 805 992 921 1115 1037 1360 1269 7125 335 305 502 457 625 573 747 689 870 805 992 921 1115 1037 1360 1269 7250 335 305 502 457 625 573 747 689 870 805 992 921 1115 1037 1360 1269 7375 335 305 502 457 625 573 747 689 870 805 992 921 1115 1037 1360 1269 7500 335 305 502 457 625 573 747 689 870 805 992 921 1115 1037 1360 1269 ASM2525 and ASM5015 Nitric Oxide (PPM NO) Table (cont.)
Column Number – –› 49 49 50 50 51 51 Vehicle ETW 5015 2525 5015 2525 5015 2525 1750 4990 4960 4990 4980 4990 4990 1875 4990 4738 4990 4906 4990 4990 2000 4778 4535 4919 4838 4990 4990 2125 4578 4349 4853 4776 4990 4990 2250 4395 4179 4792 4720 4990 4990 2375 4228 4024 4736 4668 4990 4990 2500 4076 3881 4685 4620 4990 4990 2625 3936 3752 4639 4577 4990 4990 2750 3809 3579 4596 4374 4990 4772 2875 3669 3417 4484 4176 4892 4556 3000 3510 3270 4290 3996 4680 4359 3125 3366 3135 4114 3832 4488 4180 3250 3234 3012 3952 3681 4311 4016 3375 3113 2899 3804 3544 4150 3866 3500 3002 2796 3669 3418 4002 3728 3625 2900 2701 3544 3302 3867 3602 3750 2806 2614 3429 3195 3741 3485 3875 2719 2533 3323 3096 3625 3377 4000 2638 2457 3224 3003 3517 3276 4125 2562 2387 3131 2917 3416 3182 4250 2490 2320 3044 2836 3321 3094 4375 2423 2258 2961 2759 3230 3010 4500 2359 2198 2883 2686 3145 2930 4625 2297 2140 2807 2616 3063 2854 4750 2238 2085 2735 2549 2983 2780 4875 2180 2032 2665 2483 2907 2709 5000 2125 1980 2597 2420 2833 2640 5125 2070 1930 2530 2359 2760 2573 5250 2017 1881 2466 2298 2690 2507 5375 1966 1833 2403 2240 2621 2443 5500 1916 1786 2341 2183 2554 2381 5625 1867 1740 2282 2127 2489 2321 5750 1820 1697 2224 2074 2426 2262 5875 1774 1654 2168 2022 2366 2206 6000 1731 1614 2116 1973 2308 2152 6125 1690 1577 2066 1927 2254 2102 6250 1653 1542 2020 1884 2204 2056 6375 1619 1510 1979 1846 2159 2014 6500 1590 1483 1943 1813 2119 1977 6625 1565 1460 1913 1785 2087 1947 6750 1546 1443 1890 1764 2062 1924 6875 1534 1432 1875 1750 2046 1909 7000 1530 1428 1870 1745 2040 1904 7125 1531 1428 1874 1745 2045 1904 7250 1531 1428 1874 1745 2045 1904 7375 1531 1428 1874 1745 2045 1904 7500 1531 1428 1874 1745 2045 1904 (b) ASM Test Score Calculation
(1) Exhaust gas measurement calculation.
(i) System response time
The analysis and recording of exhaust gas concentrations shall begin 12 seconds after the applicable test mode begins, or sooner if the system response time is less than 12 seconds. The analyzing and recording of exhaust gas concentrations shall not begin sooner than the time period equivalent to the response time of the slowest transducer.
(ii) Sample rate
Exhaust gas concentrations shall be analyzed at a minimum rate of once per second.
(iii) Emission measurement calculations.
Partial stream (concentration) emissions shall be calculated based on a running 10-second average. The values used for HC(J), CO(J), and NO(J) are the raw (uncorrected) tailpipe concentrations.
(c)
(iv) Dilution correction factor.
The analyzer software shall multiply the raw emissions values by the dilution correction factor (DCF) during any valid ASM emissions test. The DCF accounts for exhaust sample dilution (either intentional or unintentional) during an emissions test. The analyzer software shall calculate the DCF using the following procedure, and shall select the appropriate vehicle fuel formula. If the calculated DCF exceeds 3.0 then a default value of 3.0 shall be used.
(a)
Where [CO2]MEASURED and [CO]MEASURED are the instantaneous ASM emissions test readings.
(b) Calculate [CO2]adjusted using the following formulas.
(1) For gasoline:
(c) RA = Relative humidity of the ambient air percent.
(d) PD = Saturated vapor pressure, MM HG at the ambient dry bulb temperature. If the temperature is above 86°F, then it shall be used in lieu of the higher temperature, until EPA supplies final correction factors.
(e) PB = Barometric pressure, MM HG.
(2) Pass/fail determination.
A pass or fail determination shall be made for each applicable test mode based on a comparison of the applicable short test standards and the measured value for HC, CO, and NO as described in Paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section. A vehicle shall pass the test mode if the emission values for HC, CO, and NO are simultaneously below or equal to the applicable short test standards for all three pollutants. A vehicle shall fail the test mode if the values for HC, CO, or NO, or any combination of the three, are above the applicable standards at the expiration of the test time.
§ 2. ASM short test procedure.
(a) General requirements
(1) Vehicle characterization.
(i) Vehicle type: LDGV, LDGT1, LDGT2, HDGT, and others as needed;
(ii) Chassis model year;
(iii) Make;
(iv) Model;
(v) Number of cylinders;
(vi) Cubic inch or liters displacement of the engine;
(vii) Transmission type; and
(viii) Equivalent test weight.
(2) Ambient conditions.
The ambient temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure shall be recorded continuously during the test cycle or as a single set of readings up to 4 minutes before the start of the driving cycle.
(3) Restart.
If shut off, the vehicle shall be restarted as soon as possible before the test and shall be running at least 30 seconds prior to the start of the ASM driving cycle.
(4) Void test conditions.
The test shall immediately end and any exhaust gas measurements shall be voided if the instantaneous measured concentration of CO plus CO2 falls below 6% or the vehicle’s engine stalls at any time during the test sequence.
(5) Test time limit.
The test shall be aborted or terminated upon reaching the overall maximum test time.
(b) Pre-inspection and preparation.
(1) Accessories.
All accessories (air conditioning, heat, defogger, radio, automatic traction control if switchable, and the like) shall be turned off (if necessary, by the inspector).
(2) Exhaust leaks.
The vehicle shall be inspected for exhaust leaks by test personnel. Audio assessment while blocking exhaust flow shall be acceptable. Vehicles with leaking exhaust systems shall be rejected from testing.
(3) Fluid leaks.
Vehicles with excessive leaking engine oil, transmission fluid or coolant shall be rejected from testing.
(4) Mechanical condition.
Vehicles with obvious mechanical problems (engine, transmission, brakes or exhaust) that either create a safety hazard or could bias test results shall be rejected from testing.
(5) Operating temperature.
The vehicle shall be at proper operating temperature prior to the start of the test. The vehicle temperature gauge, if equipped and operating, shall be checked to assess temperature. Vehicles in overheated condition shall be rejected from testing.
(6) Tire condition.
Vehicles shall be rejected from testing if tread indicators, tire cords, bubbles, cuts or other damage are visible. Vehicles shall be rejected from testing if they have space-saver spare tires or if they do not have reasonably sized tires on the drive axle or axles. Vehicles may be rejected if they have different sized tires on the drive axle or axles. In test-and-repair facilities, drive wheel tires shall be checked with a gauge for adequate tire pressure. In test-only facilities, drive wheel tires shall be visually checked for adequate pressure level. Drive wheel tires that appear low shall be inflated to approximately 30 PSI, or to tire side wall pressure, or vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation. Alternatively, vehicles with apparent low tire pressure may be rejected from testing.
(7) Emission sample system purge/hang-up.
While a lane is in operation, the sample system shall be continuously purged after each test for at least 15 minutes if not taking measurements. If the HC reading, when the probe is sampling ambient air, exceeds 7 PPM C6 on an instantaneous measure, testing shall be prohibited. Testing may proceed after a determination is made that hang-up is less than 7 PPM C6 (that is, by eliminating the ambient background contribution to the measurement).
(8) Roll rotation.
The vehicle shall be maneuvered onto the dynamometer with the drive wheels positioned on the dynamometer rolls, prior to restraining the vehicle and test initiation. The rolls shall be rotated until the vehicle laterally stabilizes on the dynamometer. Vehicles that cannot be stabilized on the dynamometer shall be rejected from testing. Drive wheel tires shall be dried if necessary to prevent slippage.
(9) Cooling system.
When ambient temperatures exceed 72°F, testing shall not begin until the cooling system is positioned and activated. The cooling system blower shall be positioned to direct air to the vehicle cooling system, but shall not be directed at the catalytic converter.
(10) Vehicle restraint.
Testing shall not begin until the vehicle is restrained. Any restraint system shall meet the requirements of § 3(a)(5)(ii). In addition, the parking brake shall be set for front wheel drive vehicles prior to the start of the test, unless parking brake functions on front axle or if it is automatically disengaged when in gear.
(11) Dynamometer warm-up.
The dynamometer shall be in a warmed-up condition prior to official testing and use shall be locked out until it is warmed up. Dynamometers resting (not operated for at least 30 seconds and at least 15 mph) for more than 30 minutes shall pass the coast-down check specified in § 4(b)(1) prior to use in testing. Control charts may be used to demonstrate the need for less frequent warm- up.
Testing cannot occur below 41°F.
(12) Analyzer warm-up.
An emissions test shall not begin before the analyzer has been adequately warmed up. Turning on the analyzer for a time period of at least 4 times the period of time required to reach stability as demonstrated in the equipment certification (see § 7) shall constitute ‘‘warmed-up.’’
(c) Test sequence.
(1) The test sequence shall consist of a single ASM mode described in § 2(d) of this subpart. Vehicles that fail the first chance test as described in § 2(d) of this subpart shall receive a second chance test under § 2(e) of this subpart. The second chance test shall consist of a repetition of the mode or modes that were failed in the first chance test according to the conditions in § 2(e) of this subpart.
(2) The test sequence shall begin only after the following requirements are met:
(i) Load setting.
Prior to each mode, the system shall automatically select the load setting of the dynamometer from a supplied look-up table.
(ii) Accessories.
The vehicle shall be tested in as-received condition with all accessories turned off. The engine shall be at normal operating temperature.
(iii) Gear selection.
The vehicle shall be operated during each mode of the test with the gear selector in drive for automatic transmissions and in second (or third if more appropriate) for manual transmissions for the loaded modes. Engine RPM shall be measured per § 3(d)(6).
(iv) Sample probe.
The sample probe shall be inserted into the vehicle’s tailpipe to a minimum depth of 10 inches. If the vehicle’s exhaust system prevents insertion to this depth, a tailpipe extension shall be used.
(v) Multiple exhaust pipes.
Exhaust gas concentrations from vehicle engines equipped with functionally independent multiple exhaust pipes shall be sampled simultaneously.
(vi) Automatic gas zero.
The analyzer shall conduct an automatic zero adjustment using the zero gas specified in § 4(d)(iii).
(vii) Automatic zero adjustment.
The zero adjustment shall include HC, CO, CO2 and NO channels.
(viii) Ambient air and HC hang-up determination.
The analyzer shall perform the automatic zeroing, O2 calibration (if included) and ambient air reading, followed by an HC hang-up check. This process shall begin after initiation of data entry into the analyzer computer. The analyzer shall be locked out from testing until: (1) the ambient air (sampled through the probe) has less than 15 PPM HC and (2) the residual HC in the sampling system (probe sample—port sample) is less than 7 PPM.
(ix) Engine speed.
For 1996 and newer vehicles equipped with Federal OBD systems or California OBD II systems, engine speed in RPM may be monitored by the standardized plug throughout the test. RPM readings shall be recorded on a second-by-second basis. In test-and-repair stations, engine speed shall also be monitored on all pre-1996 vehicles and recorded in the test record. For vehicles that are not equipped for OBD measurement, an alternative means of measuring engine speed (RPM) shall be provided.
(d) Overall test procedure.
The test timer shall start (TT=0) when the conditions specified in paragraph (c)(2) are met. The dynamometer rolls reach 1.0 MPH due to the test vehicle’s initial acceleration for testing purposes, and the mode timer initiates as specified in paragraph (d)(2). The test sequence shall have an overall maximum test time of 290 seconds (TT-290). The test shall be immediately terminated or aborted upon reaching the overall maximum test time. The test mode in § 2(d)(3) may precede the test mode in § 2(d)(2).
(1) Preconditioning cycle.
Vehicle preconditioning shall be performed prior to start of an official test. The preconditioning cycle must be approved by the Department. A state may waive the preconditioning requirement if it ensures that all vehicles are adequately warmed up prior to taking the final emissions measurements as described at § 1(b)(iii). The following preconditioning cycle is approved:
(i) The preconditioning timer shall start once the dynamometer has reached a speed of 15 or 25 mph (PT=0), consistent with the speed of the first test mode. The vehicle will continue to be operated for a maximum of 30 seconds at this speed within ±5 MPH and within ±10% of the wheel force tolerance specified in § 2(d)(2). The duration of the preconditioning cycle may be adjusted if a Department determines through the use of statistical process control methods that an alternative preconditioning cycle duration is adequate to ensure that vehicles are fully warmed up prior to testing. If the speed or wheel force fall above or below the tolerance, the preconditioning timer will reset to zero. Preconditioning time shall not be included in the overall maximum test time.
(2) ASM5015 mode.
(i) Mode timer.
The mode timer shall start (MT=0) when the dynamometer speed (and corresponding wheel force) are maintained within 15±1.0 miles per hour for 5 continuous seconds. If the inertia simulation exceeds the tolerance specified in § 3(a)(4)(ii)(b) for more than 5 consecutive seconds after the mode timer is started, the test mode timer shall be set to TT=0. If this happens a second time, the test shall be aborted. The dynamometer shall apply the correct wheel force based on the required ASM horsepower load at 15 mph across the testing speed window (15±1.0 miles per hour) (that is, constant load over the speed range). The wheel force torque tolerance shall be ±5% of the correct wheel force at 15 MPH.
(ii) Look-up table.
The dynamometer power shall be automatically selected from an EPA-supplied or EPA-approved look-up table, based upon the vehicle identification information described in § 2(a)(1). Vehicles not listed in the look-up table and for which ETW is not available shall be tested using the following default settings:
Default ASM5015 actual horsepower settings Number of Cylinders for 8.6" dynamometers HP5015 8 Vehicle type 3 4 5 & 6 8 ›8 Sedans 7.9 11.4 13.8 16.4 16.0 Station wagons 8.1 11.7 13.8 16.1 16.1 Mini-vans 10.2 14.1 15.8 17.9 18.2 Pickup trucks 9.6 13.1 16.4 19.2 21.1 Sport/utility 10.1 13.4 15.5 19.4 21.1 Full vans 10.3 13.9 17.7 19.6 20.5
Default ASM5015 actual horsepower settings Number of Cylinders for 20" dynamometers HP5015 20 Vehicle type 3 4 5 & 6 8 ›8 Sedans 8.1 11.8 14.3 16.9 16.6 Station wagons 8.3 12.1 14.2 16.6 16.6 Mini-vans 10.4 14.5 16.3 18.5 18.7 Pickup trucks 9.8 13.4 16.8 19.8 21.7 Sport/utility 10.5 13.8 15.9 19.9 21.7 Full vans 10.8 14.4 18.2 20.2 21.1 If the dynamometer speed or wheel force falls outside the speed or wheel force tolerance for more than 2 consecutive seconds, or for more than 5 seconds total, the mode timer shall reset to zero and resume timing. The minimum mode length shall be determined as described in paragraph (d)(2)(iii). The maximum mode length shall be equal to 90 seconds elapsed time (MT = 90).
If the speed at the end of the 10 second period is more than 0.5 mph less (absolute drop, not cumulative) than the speed at the start of the 10 second period, testing shall continue until the speed stabilizes enough to meet this criterion.
(iii) Pass/fail determination.
The pass/fail analysis shall begin after an elapsed time of 22 seconds (MT = 22. A pass or fail determination shall be made for the vehicle and the mode shall be terminated as follows:
(a) The vehicle shall pass the ASM5015 mode and the mode shall be immediately terminated if, at any point between an elapsed time of 22 seconds (MT = 22) and 90 seconds (MT = 90), the 10 second running average measured values for each pollutant are simultaneously less than or equal to the applicable test standards described in paragraph (a).
(b) The vehicle shall fail the ASM5015 mode and the mode shall be terminated if paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(a) is not satisfied by an elapsed time of 90 seconds (MT = 90).
(iv) If ASM5015 is the first test mode, upon termination of the ASM5015 mode, the vehicle shall immediately begin accelerating to the speed required for the ASM2525 mode, if applicable. The dynamometer shall smoothly transition during the acceleration period and shall automatically reset to the load required for the ASM 2525 mode, if applicable, once the roll speed is achieved.
(e) Second chance tests.
If a vehicle fails the 5015 test mode and completes all required test modes with emissions values for HC, CO and NO not greater than 150% of the applicable standard, the vehicle shall receive a second chance test for each failed test mode.
(1) If the vehicle fails the first-chance test, the test timer shall reset to zero (TT=0) and a second-chance test shall be performed, except as noted below. The second-chance test shall have an overall maximum test time of 110 seconds (TT=110) if one mode is repeated.
NOTE: Maximum mode time: 90 sec.
+Maximum transition: 15 sec.
+DYNE stabilization: 5 sec.
110 sec.12 sec. transport and 10 sec. averaging are included in the mode time as in the initial test.
(2) Repetition of failed modes for single mode ASM tests.
(i) If the vehicle is failing at the end of the mode, then the test mode shall not end at 90 seconds but shall continue for up to 180 seconds.
§ 3. ASM short test equipment.
(a) Dynamometer specifications.
(1) General requirements
(i) Capacity
The dynamometer structure (for example, bearings, rollers, pit plates, and the like) shall accommodate all light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks up to 9,000 pounds GVWR.
(ii) ASM load
Dynamometer ASM load horsepower (HP5015YY) shall be automatically selected based on the vehicle parameters in the test record.
(iii) Alternative design
Alternative dynamometer specification or designs may be allowed upon a determination by the Department that, for the purpose of properly conducting an approved short test, the evidence supporting these deviations will not cause improper vehicle loading.
(2) Power absorption.
(i) Vehicle loading.
The vehicle loading used during the ASM driving cycles shall follow the equation in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section at 15. Unless otherwise noted, any horsepower displayed during testing shall be HP5015YY.
(ii) HP calculation
IHPXXXXYY = THPXXXX-PLHPZZ-YY -GTRL@ZZ MPH-YY- HPXXXXYY = IHPXXXXYY + PLHPZZ-YY
(iii) Range of power absorber.
The range of the power absorber shall be sufficient to test all light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks up to 9,000 pounds GVWR, using both the ASM5015 and ASM2525. The absorption shall be adjustable in 0.1 hp increments at both 15 mph and 25 mph.
(iv) Parasitic losses.
The parasitic losses (PLHP) in each dynamometer system (such as windage, bearing friction and system drive friction) shall be characterized at 25 and 15 mph upon initial acceptance, and during each dynamometer calibration if required.
(v) Power absorber.
Only electric power absorbers shall be used unless alternatives are approved by the Department.
(vi) Power absorber accuracy.
The accuracy of the power absorber shall be 6.25 pounds of wheel force at 15 mph and 3.75 pounds of wheel force at 25 mph or ±2% of required wheel force, whichever is greater, in direction of rotation.
(3) Rolls
(i) Size and type.
The dynamometer shall be equipped with twin rolls. The rolls shall be coupled side-to-side. In addition, the front and rear rolls shall be coupled. The dynamometer roll diameter shall be between 8.5 and 21.0 inches. The spacing between the roll centers shall comply with the equation in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) to within 0.5 inch and -0.25 inch of the calculated value. The parasitic power losses shall be determined as indicated in § 4(b)(1)(iv). Fixed dynamometer rolls shall have an inside track width of no more than 30 inches and outside track width of at least 100 inches. Rolls moveable from side-to-side may be used if adequate measures are taken to prevent tire damage from lateral vehicle movement and the dynamometer sufficiently accommodates track widths of the full range of vehicles to be tested on the dynamometer. Alternative coupling methods, track widths, roll sizes and number of rolls may be used if approved by the Department and the Environmental Protection Agency and if adequate measures are taken to prevent tire damage from lateral vehicle movement and the dynamometer sufficiently accommodates track widths of the full range of vehicles to be tested on the dynamometer. General tire roll interface losses must be determined for alternative roll sizes, configurations and spacing.
(ii) Roll spacing
Roll spacing = (24.375+D) *SIN 31.5153
D = Dynamometer roll diameter.
Roll spacing and roll diameter are expressed in inches.
(iii) Design.
The roll size, surface finish and hardness shall be such that tire slippage is minimized under all weather conditions; that water removal is maximized; that the specified accuracy of the distance and speed measurements are maintained; and that tire wear and noise are minimized.
(4) Inertia.
The dynamometer shall have a total test inertia weight of 2,000 pounds ±40 pounds. Any deviation from the 2,000 pound base inertia shall be quantified and the coast-down time shall be corrected accordingly. Any deviation from the stated inertia shall be quantified and the inertia simulation shall be corrected accordingly.
(i) Mechanical inertia.
Dynamometers shall be equipped with additional flywheel weights or diagnostic level inertia simulation, for transient simulations of up to +3.3 mph/s acceleration at 500 pound increments of mechanical inertia weight or 1 pound increments of electrically simulated positive inertia, to a total of 5,500 pounds up to speeds of 57 mph with a minimum load (power) of 25 horsepower at 14 mph over the inertia weight range of 2,000 to 6,000 pounds. A deviation from the stated inertia shall be quantified and the inertia simulation shall be corrected accordingly. Mechanical or electrical inertia simulation, or a combination of both, may be used, subject to review and approval.
(ii) Electrical inertia simulation.
Electrical inertia simulation, or a combination of electrical and mechanical simulation may be used in lieu of mechanical flywheels, provided that the performance of the electrically simulated inertia complies with the following specifications. Exceptions to these specifications may be allowed upon a determination by the Department that the exceptions would not significantly increase vehicle loading or emissions for the purpose of properly conducting an approved short test.
(a) System response. The torque response to a step change shall be at least 90% of the requested change within 300 milliseconds after a step change is commanded by the dynamometer control system, and shall be within 2% of the commanded torque by 300 milliseconds after the command is issued. Any overshoot of the commanded torque value shall not exceed 25% of the torque value.
(b) Simulation error. An inertia simulation error (ISE) shall be continuously calculated any time the actual dynamometer speed is between 10 mph and 60 mph. The ISE shall be calculated by the equation in § 3(a)(4)(ii)(c), and shall not exceed 3% of the inertia weight selected (IWS) for the vehicle under test.
(c) ISE = [(IWS-IT)/(IVS)] * 100
(d)
Where:
IT = Total inertia being simulated by the dynamometer (kg)
IT (LB force) = IT(KG) * 2.2046
IM = Base (mechanical inertia of the dynamometer (kg)
V = Measured roll speed (M/S)
FM = Force measured by the load cell (translated to the roll surface) (N)
FRL = Road load force (N) required by IHPXXXXYY at the measured roll speed (v)
T = Time (sec)
(5) Other requirements.
(i) Vehicle speed and speed response.
The measurement of roll speed shall be accurate within 0.1 mph between speeds of 10 and 30 mph. The dynamometer controller shall be able to detect and resolve speed variations in less than 500 milliseconds to 0.10 mph/sec accuracy.
(ii) Vehicle restraint.
The vehicle shall be restrained during the ASM driving cycle. The restraint system shall be designed to insure that vertical and horizontal force on the drive wheels does not significantly affect emission levels. The restraint system shall allow unobstructed vehicle ingress and egress and shall be capable of safely restraining the vehicle under all reasonable operating conditions.
(iii) Vehicle cooling.
The test operator shall prevent overheating of the vehicle. The test shall be conducted with the hood open when the ambient temperature exceeds 72°F. The cooling method used shall direct air to the test vehicle’s cooling system. The cooling system capacity shall be at least 3,000 SCFM within 12 inches of the intake to the vehicle’s cooling system. The cooling system shall avoid improper cooling of the catalytic converter.
(iv) All-wheel drive.
If used, four-wheel drive dynamometers shall insure the application of correct vehicle loading as defined in paragraph (a)(2) and shall not damage the four wheel drive system of the vehicle. Front and rear wheel rolls shall be coupled and maintain speed synchronization within 0.2 mph. The four wheel drive system shall be able to uncouple the rear roll set so as to function as a two wheel drive system.
(v) Installation.
In all cases, installation must be performed so that the test vehicle is approximately level (±5°) while on the dynamometer during testing.
(b) Emission sampling system
(1) Materials and design.
The sampling system shall be designed to insure durable, leak free operation and be easily maintained. Materials that are in contact with the gases sampled shall not contaminate or change the character of the gases to be analyzed, including gases from vehicles not fueled by gasoline. The system shall be designed to be corrosion-resistant and be able to withstand typical vehicle exhaust temperatures when the vehicle is driven through the ASM5015 test cycle for 290 seconds.
(2) Sampling system.
The sampling system shall draw exhaust gas from the vehicle, shall remove particulate matter and aerosols from the sampled gas, shall drain condensed water from the sample if necessary, and shall deliver the resultant gas sample to the analyzers/sensors for analysis and then deliver the analyzed sample outside the building. The sampling system shall, at a minimum, consist of a tailpipe probe, flexible sample line, water removal system, a particulate trap, sample pump and flow control components.
(3) Sample probe.
(i) Insertion.
The sample probe shall allow at least a 16 inch insertion depth of the sample point into the vehicle’s exhaust. In addition, the probe shall be inserted at least 10 inches into the vehicle’s exhaust. Use of a tailpipe extension is permitted as long as the extension does not change the exhaust back pressure by more than 1 inch of water pressure.
(ii) Retention.
The probe shall incorporate a positive means of retention to prevent it from slipping out of the tailpipe during use.
(iii) Flexibility.
The probe shall be designed so that the tip extends 16 inches into the tailpipe. The probe tip shall be shielded so that debris is not scooped up by the probe when it is inserted into the tailpipe.
(iv) Probe tip.
Probe tips shall be designed and constructed to prevent sample dilution.
(v) Materials.
All materials in contact with exhaust gas prior to and throughout the measurement portion of the system shall be unaffected by and shall not affect the sample (that is, the materials shall not react with the sample, and they shall not taint the sample). Acceptable materials include stainless steel, teflon, silicon rubber and TEDLAR®. Dissimilar metals with thermal expansion factors of more than 5% shall not be used in either the construction of probes or connectors. The sample probe shall be constructed of stainless steel or other noncorrosive, nonreactive material which can withstand exhaust gas temperatures at the probe tip of up to 1,100°F.
(vi) System hoses and connections.
Hoses and all other sample handling components must be constructed of, or plated with a nonreactive, non-corrosive, high temperature material which will not affect, or be affected by, the exhaust constituents and tracer gases.
(vii) Dual exhaust.
The sample system shall provide for the testing of dual exhaust equipped vehicles. When testing a vehicle with functional dual exhaust pipes, a dual sample probe of a design certified by the analyzer manufacturer to provide equal flow in each leg shall be used. The equal flow requirement is considered to be met if the flow rate in each leg of the probe has been measured under two sample pump flow rates (the normal rate and a rate equal to the onset of low flow), and if the flow rates in each of the legs are found to be equal to each other (within 15% of the flow rate in the leg having lower flow).
(4) Particulate filter.
The particulate filter shall be capable of trapping 97% of all particulate and aerosols 5 microns or larger. The filter element shall not absorb or adsorb hydrocarbons. The filter housing shall be transparent or translucent to allow the operator to observe the filter elements condition without removing the housing. The filter element shall be easily replaceable and shall provide for reliable sealing after filter element changes.
(5) Water trap.
The water trap shall be sized to remove exhaust sample water from vehicles fueled with gasoline, propane, compressed natural gas, reformulated gasoline, alcohol blends or neat, and oxygenated fuels. The filter element, bowl and housing shall be inert to these fuels as well as to the exhaust gases from vehicles burning these fuels. The condensed water shall be continuously drained from the water trap’s bowl. Sufficient water shall be trapped, regardless of fuel, to prevent condensation in the sample system or in the optical bench’s sample cell.
(6) Low flow indication.
The analyzer shall be prevented from performing an emissions test when the sample flow is below the acceptable level. The sampling system shall be equipped with a flow meter (or equivalent) that shall indicate sample flow degradation when measurement error exceeds 3% of the gas value used for checking, or causes the system response time to exceed 13 seconds to 90% of a step change in input (excluding no), whichever is less.
(7) Exhaust ventilation system.
The high quantities of vehicle emissions generated during loaded mode testing shall be properly vented to prevent buildup of hazardous concentrations of HC, CO, CO2 and NOx. Sufficient ventilation shall be provided in the station to maintain HC, CO, CO2 and no levels below OSHA standards.
(i) Ventilation system.
The ventilation system shall discharge the vehicle and analyzer exhaust outside the building.
(ii) Exhaust collection system.
The flow of the exhaust collection system shall not cause dilution of the exhaust at the sample point in the probe.
(iii) Exhaust collection system flow.
The flow of the exhaust collection systems shall not cause a change of more than 1.0 inch of water pressure in the vehicle’s exhaust system at the exhaust system outlet.
(c) Analytical instruments.
(1) General requirements.
(i) Analyzers.
The analyzer system shall consist of analyzers for HC, CO, NO and CO2. And digital displays for exhaust concentrations of HC, CO, NO and CO2, and for vehicle speed.
(ii) Alternative analytical equipment.
Alternative analytic equipment specification, materials, designs or detection methods may be allowed upon a determination by the Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, that for the purpose of properly conducting an approved short test, the evidence supporting such deviations will not significantly affect the proper measurement of emissions.
(iii) Sample rate.
The analyzer shall be capable of measuring exhaust concentrations of gases specified in this section at a minimum rate of once per second.
(2) Performance requirements.
(i) Temperature operating range.
The analyzer system and all associated hardware shall operate within the performance specifications described in § 2 of this subpart at ambient air temperatures ranging from 41°F to 110°F. Analyzers shall be designed so that adequate air flow is provided around critical components to prevent overheating (and automatic shutdown) and to prevent the condensation of water vapor which could reduce the reliability and durability of the analyzer. The analyzer system shall otherwise include necessary features to keep the sampling system within the specified range.
(ii) Humidity operating range.
The analyzer system and all associated hardware shall operate within the performance specifications described in § 2 of this subpart at a minimum of 85% relative humidity throughout the required temperature range.
(iii) Interference effects.
The interference effects for non-interest gases shall not exceed ±4 ppm for hydrocarbons, ±0.02% for carbon monoxide, ±0.20% for carbon dioxide, and ±20 ppm for nitric oxide when using the procedure specified in § 4(d)(6)(iv). Corrections for collision broadening effects of combined high CO and CO2 concentrations shall be taken into account in developing the factory calibration curves, and are included in the accuracy specifications.
(iv) Barometric pressure compensation.
Barometric pressure compensation shall be provided. Compensation shall be made for elevations up to 6,000 feet (above mean sea level). At any given altitude and ambient conditions specified in (iv) and (v), errors due to barometric pressure changes of ±2 inches of mercury shall not exceed the accuracy limits specified in paragraph (2).
(v) System lockout during warm-up.
Functional operation of the gas sampling unit shall remain disabled through a system lockout preventing the system from performing emission tests until the instrument meets stability and warm-up requirements. The instrument shall be considered ‘‘warmed up’’ when the zero and span readings for HC, CO, NO, and CO2 have stabilized, within the accuracy values specified in § 3(c)(3) for 5 minutes without adjustment. Turning on the analyzer for a time period of at least 4 times the period of time required to reach stability as demonstrated in the equipment certification (see § 7) shall constitute ‘‘warmed-up.’’
(vi) Zero drift lockout.
If zero or span drift cause the optical bench signal levels to move beyond the adjustment range of the analyzer, the system shall be prevented from performing an emissions test.
(vii) Electromagnetic isolation and interference.
Electromagnetic signals found in an automotive service environment shall not cause malfunctions or changes in the accuracy in the electronics of the analyzer system. The instrument design shall ensure that readings do not vary as a result of electromagnetic radiation and induction devices normally found in the automotive service environment, including high energy vehicle ignition systems, radio frequency transmission radiation sources, and building electrical systems. Certification acceptance test is described in § 7.
(viii) Vibration and shock protection.
System operation shall be unaffected by the vibration and shock encountered under the normal operating conditions encountered in an automotive service environment.
(ix) Propane equivalency factor.
The PEF range shall be between 0.470 and 0.560. For each audit/calibration point, the nominal PEF shall be conveniently displayed for the quality assurance inspector and other authorized personnel, in a manner acceptable to the program. If an optical bench must be replaced in the field, the manufacturer’s field service representative (FSR) shall change any external labels to correspond to the nominal PEF of the new bench. The analyzer shall incorporate an algorithm relating PEF to HC concentration. Corrections shall be made automatically.
(x) System response requirements.
The response time from the probe to the display for HC, CO and CO2 analyzers shall not exceed 8 seconds for 90% of a step change in input. The response time for a step change in O2 from 20.9% O2 to 0.1% O2 shall be no longer than 40 seconds. For no analyzers, the response time shall not exceed 12 seconds for 90% of a step change in input. The response time for a step change in NO from a stabilized reading to 10% of that reading shall be no longer than 12 seconds.
(3) Detection methods, instrument ranges, accuracy and repeatability.
(i) Hydrocarbon analysis.
Hydrocarbon (HC) analysis shall be determined by nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer. The analyzer shall cover at least the range of 0 PPM HC to 2000 PPM HC, where PPM HC is parts per million of hydrocarbon volume as hexane. The accuracy of the instrument between 1400 PPM HC and 2000 PPM HC shall be at least 5.0% of point. The accuracy of the instrument from 0-1400 PPM HC shall be ±4 PPM C6 or 3% of point, whichever is greater. The calibration curve must comply with the quality control specifications in § 4(d)(2) for calibration curve verification.
(ii) Carbon monoxide analysis.
Carbon monoxide (CO) analysis shall be determined by nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer. The analyzer shall cover at least the range of 0.00% CO to 9.99% CO, where % CO is % volume CO. The accuracy of the instrument between 0.01% and 7.00% CO shall be ±3% or 0.02% CO, whichever is greater. The accuracy of the instrument between 7.01% and 10.00% shall be at least 5.0% of point. The calibration curve must comply with the quality control specifications in § 4(d)(2) for calibration curve generation.
(iii) Carbon dioxide analysis.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis shall be determined by nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer. The analyzer shall cover at least the range of 0.0% CO2 to 16.0% CO2. The accuracy of the instrument between 0.01% and 16% CO2 shall be at least ±0.3% CO2 or 3% of point which ever is greater. The accuracy of the instrument between 16.01% and 18% shall be at least 5.0% of point. The calibration curve must comply with the quality control specifications in § 4(d)(2) for calibration curve generation.
(iv) Nitric oxide analysis.
The analyzer shall cover at least the range of 0 PPM NO to 5000 PPM NO, where PPM NO is parts per million nitric oxide. The accuracy of the instrument between 0 and 4000 PPM shall be at least ±4.0% of point or 25 PPM NO, whichever is greater. The accuracy of the instrument between 4001 and 5000 PPM shall be ±5.0%. The calibration curve must comply with the quality control specifications in § 4(d)(2) for calibration curve generation.
(v) Oxygen analysis (optional).
If an oxygen analyzer is included, the analyzer shall cover at least the range of 0.0% O2 to 25.0% O2. The accuracy of the instrument over this range shall be at least 5% of point or ±0.1% O2, whichever is greater. The calibration curve must comply with the quality control specifications in § 4(d)(2) for calibration curve generation.
(vi) Repeatability.
The repeatability for the HC analyzer in the range of 0-1400 PPM HC shall be 2% of point or 3 PPM HC absolute, whichever is greater. In the range of 1400-2000 PPM HC, the repeatability shall be 3% of point. The repeatability for the CO analyzer in the range of 0-700% CO shall be 2% of point or 0.02% CO absolute, whichever is greater. In the range of 7.00% to 10.00% CO, the repeatability shall be 3% of point. The repeatability for the CO2 analyzer in the range of 0-10.0% CO2 shall be 2% of point or 0.1% CO absolute, whichever is greater. In the range of 10.0% to 16.0% CO2, the repeatability shall be 3% of point. The repeatability of the NO analyzer shall be 3% of point or 20 PPM NO, whichever is greater. The repeatability of the O2 analyzer shall be 3% of point or 0.1% O2, whichever is greater.
(4) Ambient conditions.
The current relative humidity, dry-bulb temperature, and barometric pressure shall be measured and recorded prior to the start of every inspection in order to calculate KH (nitric oxide correction factor, see § 1(b)(v)).
(i) Relative humidity.
The relative humidity measurement device shall cover the range from 5% to 95% RH, and 35°F—110°F, with a minimum accuracy of °5% RH. Wet bulb thermometers shall not be used.
(ii) Dry-bulb temperature.
The dry-bulb temperature device shall cover the range from 35°F—110°F-with a minimum accuracy of ±3°F.
(iii) Barometric pressure.
The barometric pressure measurement device shall cover the range from 610 MM HG—810 MM HG, and 35°F—110°F, with a minimum accuracy of ±3% of point.
(d) Automated test process software and displays.
(1) Software.
The testing process, data collection and quality control features of the analyzer system shall be automated to the greatest degree possible. The software shall automatically select the emission standards and set the vehicle load based on a Department-provided or approved look-up table. Vehicle identification information may be derived from a database accessed over a real-time data system to a host computer system. Entry of license plate and all or part of the VIN shall be sufficient to access the vehicle record. Provision shall be made for manual entry of data for vehicles not in the host computer system.
(2) Test and mode timers.
The analyzer shall be capable of simultaneously determining the amount of time elapsed in a test, and in a mode within that test.
(3) Clocks and timers.
The clock used to check the coast-down time shall be accurate to within 0.1% of reading between 0.5 and 100 seconds, with a resolution of 0.001 seconds. The ASM test mode timers used shall be accurate to within 0.1% of reading between 10 and 1,000 seconds with a resolution of 0.1 seconds.
(4) Display refresh rate.
Dynamic information being displayed shall be refreshed at a minimum rate of twice per second.
(5) Minimum analyzer display resolution.
The analyzer electronics shall have sufficient resolution to achieve the following:
HC 1 PPM HC as hexane NO 1 PPM NO C 0.01 % CO CO2 0.1 % CO2 O2 0.1 % O2 RPM 10 RPM HC 1 PPM HC as hexane Speed 0.1 MPH Wheel Force 0.1 LB Relative Humidity 1 %RH Dry bulb temperature 1 °F Barometric pressure 1 MM HG (6) Engine speed detection.
The system shall be capable of detecting engine speed in revolutions per minute (RPM) with a 0.5 second response time and an accuracy of ±3% of the true RPM.
(7) Display during testing.
The display during testing shall read ‘‘test in progress’’ and shall digitally display the vehicle’s speed in mph. Emissions values shall not be displayed during official testing.
§ 4. ASM quality control requirements.
(a) General requirements
(1) Minimums.
The frequency and standards for quality control specified here are minimum requirements, unless modified as specified in paragraph (2). Greater frequency or tighter standards may be used as needed.
(2) Statistical process control.
Reducing the frequency of the quality control checks, modifying the procedure or specification, or eliminating the quality control checks altogether may be allowed if the Department determines, for the purpose of properly conducting an approved short test, that sufficient statistical process control (SPC) data exist to make a determination, that the SPC data support such action, and that taking such action will not significantly reduce the quality of the emissions measurements. If emission measurement performance or quality deteriorate as a result of allowing such actions, the approval shall be suspended and the frequencies, procedures specifications, or checks specified here or otherwise approved shall be reinstated, pending further determination by the Department.
(b) Dynamometer
(1) Coast down check.
(i) Coast down frequency.
The calibration of each dynamometer shall be automatically checked every 72 hours in low volume stations (less than 4,000 tests per year) and daily in high volume stations, when the dynamometer is in active service, by a dynamometer coast-down procedure equivalent to § 86.118-78 (for reference see EOD test procedure TP-302A and TP-202) between the speeds of 30-20 mph and 20-10 mph. All rotating dynamometer components shall be included in the coast-down check. Speed windows smaller than ±5 mph may be used provided that they show the same calibration capabilities.
(ii) Coast down HP settings.
The base dynamometer inertia (2,000 pounds) shall be checked at two random horsepower settings for each speed range. The two random horsepower settings shall be between 8.0 to 18.0 horsepower. Use of a shunt resistor for a load cell performance check is not permissible because it does not verify the performance of the actual load cell, only the signal processing portion of the system.
(iii) Coast down procedure.
The coast-down procedure shall use a vehicle off-dynamometer type method or equivalent, using a vehicle to bring the dynamometer up to speed and removing the vehicle before the coast-down shall not be permitted. If either the measured 30-20 mph coast-down time or 20-10 mph coast-down time is outside the window bounded by DET (seconds) ±7% then it shall be locked out for official testing purposes until recalibration allows a passing value.
(a) Randomly select an IHP2525 value that is between 8.0 hp and 18.0 hp and set dynamometer PAU to this value.
Coast-down dynamometer from 30-20 mph.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight, total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V30 = Velocity in feet/sec at 30 mph.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
IHP2525YY = Randomly selected ASM2525 indicated horsepower.
PLHP25-YY = Parasitic horsepower for specific dynamometer at 25 mph.
(b) Randomly select an IHP5015 value that is between 8.0 hp and 18.0 hp and set dynamometer PAU to this value.
Coast-down dynamometer from 20-10 mph.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight. Total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
V10 = Velocity in feet/sec at 10 mph.
IHP5015YY = Randomly selected ASM5015 indicated horsepower.
PLHP15-YY = Parasitic horsepower for specific dynamometer at 15 mph.
(iv) Parasitic value calculations.
If the coast-down values does not verify in § 2(b)(iii).
Parasitic losses shall be calculated using the following equations at 25 and 15 mph. The indicated horsepower shall be set to zero for these tests.
(a) Parasitic losses at 25 mph for a dynamometer with YY diameter rollers.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight. Total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V30 = Velocity in feet/sec at 30 mph.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
CDT = Coast-down time required for dynamometer to coast from 30 to 20 mph.
(b) Parasitic losses at 15 mph for a dynamometer with YY diameter rollers.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight. Total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
V10 = Velocity in feet/sec at 10 mph.
CDT = Coast-down time required for dynamometer to coast from 20 to 10 mph.
(2) Roll speed.
Roll speed and roll counts shall be checked at least once per week by an independent means (for example, photo tachometer). Deviations greater than ±0.2 mph or a comparable tolerance in roll counts shall require corrective action. Alternatively, a redundant roll speed transducer independent of the primary transducer may be used in lieu of the daily comparison. Accuracy of redundant systems shall be checked quarterly.
(c) Emission sampling system.
(1) Leak check.
The entire sample system shall be checked for vacuum leaks on a daily basis and for proper flow on a continuous basis. The sample system leak check shall be performed using the manufacturer’s recommended procedure. The allowed maximum leak rate and minimum flow rate shall be those determined in the equipment certification procedure (see § 7).
(d) Analytic instruments.
(1) General requirements.
The analyzer shall, to the extent possible, maintain accuracy between gas calibrations taking into account all errors, including noise, repeatability, drift, linearity, temperature and barometric pressure.
(i) Calibration method.
(2) Two-point gas calibration.
Analyzers shall automatically require a two point gas calibration for HC, CO, CO2 and NO. Gas calibration shall be accomplished by introducing span gases that meets the requirements of (d)(3)(iv) in this section into the calibration port. The pressure in the sample cell shall be the same with the calibration gas flowing as with the sample gas flowing during sampling. When a calibration is initiated, the analyzer channels shall be adjusted to the center of the allowable tolerance range.
(ii) Calibration frequency.
Analyzers shall be calibrated within 72 hours before each official test. The Department may adjust the calibration check frequency as necessary based on a statistical process control algorithm approved by the Department. If the system does not calibrate or is not calibrated, the analyzer shall lock out from testing until corrective action is taken.
(iii) Working zero and span gases.
The following gases shall be used for the calibration check.
(a) Zero gas
O2 = 20.9%
HC ‹ 1 PPM THC AS C-1
CO ‹ 1 PPM
CO2 ‹ 400 PPM
NO ‹ 1 PPM
N2 = Balance 99.99% pure
(b) Working span gas
HC = 3,200 PPM propane
CO = 8%
CO2 = 12%
NO = 3,000 PPM
N2 = Balance 99.99% pure
(iv) Traceability. The span gases used for the gas calibration and the gas audit shall be traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards ±1%, and, in the case of low volume stations shall have a zero blend tolerance.
Alternatively, 5% blend tolerance gases may be used if the system reads the bar-coded calibration gas bottle specifications and adjusts the calibration accordingly.
(3) Five-point gas audit.
(i) Audit frequency.
Analyzers shall successfully pass a five point gas audit for HC, CO, NO and CO2. Analyzers shall undergo the audit procedure minimally every 6 months. For either type of station, the analyzer shall be adjusted or repaired if the requirements of § 3(c)(2) are not met.
(ii) Audit method.
The gas calibration audit shall be accomplished by introducing span gas that meets the requirements of § (d)(3)(iv). The pressure in the sample cell shall be the same with the calibration audit gas flowing as with the sample gas flowing during sampling.
(iii) Audit gases.
The following gases shall be used for the calibration check. Other calibration gas values may be acceptable when a ‘‘gas blender’’ apparatus is used if approved by the Department.
(a) Zero gas
O2 = 20.9% (if O2 span is desired)
HC ‹ 1.0 PPM THC
CO ‹ 1.0 PPM
CO2 ‹ 1 PPM
NO ‹ 1.0 PPM
N2 = Balance 99.99% pure
(b) Low range calibration gas
HC = 200 PPM propane
CO = 0.5%
CO2 = 6.0%
NO = 300 PPM
N2 = Balance 99.99% pure
(c) Low-middle range calibration gas
HC = 960 PPM propane
CO = 2.4%
CO2 = 3.6%
NO = 900 PPM
N2 = Balance 99.99% pure
(d) High-middle range calibration gas
HC = 1920 PPM propane
CO = 4.8%
CO2 = 7.2%
NO = 1800 PPM
N2 = Balance 99.99% pure
(e) High range calibration gas
HC = 3200 PPM propane
CO = 8.0%
CO2 = 12.0%
NO = 3000 PPM
N2 = Balance 99.99% pure
(iv) Traceability. The span gases used for the gas calibration and the gas audit shall be traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards ±1% and, in the case of low volume stations shall have a zero blend tolerance. Alternatively, 5% blend tolerance gases may be used if the system reads the bar-coded calibration gas bottle specifications and adjusts the calibration accordingly.
(v) Audit specifications. The analytical system shall read the audit gas within 5% of labeled value. The analyzer shall be adjusted or repaired if the accuracy specifications are not met.
(4) Service and repair calibration.
(i) In-field calibration.
Each time an analyzer’s emissions measurement system, sensor or other electronic components are repaired or replaced, a minimum of a five-point gas audit such as (d)(3) shall be performed prior to returning the unit to service.
(ii) Leak check
Each time the sample line integrity is broken, a leak check shall be performed prior to testing.
§ 5. ASM test record information.
(a) General requirements
(1) Test data.
In addition to the information required to uniquely identify the testing station, technician and vehicle, the following data shall also be recorded.
(i) General records
a. Test record number
b. Inspection station and inspector numbers
c. Test system number
d. Dynamometer site
e. Date of test
f. Emission test start time and the time the final emission scores are determined
g. Vehicle identification number
h. License plate number
i. Test certificate number
j. Vehicle model year, make and type
k. Number of cylinders or engine displacement
l. Transmission type
m. Odometer reading
n. Type of test performed (that is, initial test, first retest or subsequent retest)
(ii) Ambient test conditions
a. Relative humidity (%)
b. Dry-bulb temperature (°F)
c. Atmospheric pressure (MM HG)
d. No correction factor
e. System response time for each instrument (Transport +T90)
(iii) ASM5015 mode
a. ASM5015 final HC running average (AVGHC) (PPM).
b. ASM5015 final CO running average (AVGCO) (%).
c. ASM5015 final NO running average (AVGNO) (PPM).
d. Total ASM5015 horsepower used to set the DYNE (THP5015) (HP).
e. Engine RPM running average corresponding to the final test score.
f. Dilution correction factor (DCF).
(iv) Diagnostic/quality assurance information.
a. Test time (SEC).
b. Mode time (SEC).
c. Vehicle speed (MPH) for each second of the test.
d. Engine RPM running average.
e. Dynamometer load (pounds) for each second of the test.
f. HC concentration (PPM) for each second of the test.
g. CO concentration (%) for each second of the test.
h. No concentration (PPM) for each second of the test.
i. CO2 concentration (%) for each second of the test.
j. O2 concentration (%) for each second of the test (optional).
§ 6. ASM terms and definitions.
HPXXXXYY = The ASM actual horsepower value contained in the look up table for a vehicle being tested (using the ASM5015 or 2525) on a dynamometer with YY inch diameter rollers. The actual horsepower is the sum of the indicated horsepower and the parasitic losses (PLHPZZ-YY).
IHPXXXXYY = The ‘‘indicated’’ ASM horsepower value set on the dynamometer.
THPXXXX = The ‘‘total’’ horsepower for an ASM test includes indicated, tire losses and parasitics. This value is independent of roll size.
ETW = Equivalent test weight. Weight class of vehicle for testing, defined as curb weight plus 300 pounds. For ASM testing, it is rounded to the nearest 125 pound increment.
GTRL@ZZ MPH-YY = Generic tire-roll interface horsepower losses at ZZ mph on a dynamometer with YY inch diameter rollers.
PLHPZZ-YY = Parasitic losses (horsepower) due to internal dynamometer friction. A value is specific to each individual dynamometer and speed.
AT = 1st curve coefficient used to characterize tire/roll losses. Different values depending on dynamometer roller diameter.
BT = 2nd curve coefficient used to characterize tire/roll losses. Different values depending on dynamometer roller diameter.
CT = 3rd curve coefficient used to characterize tire/roll losses. Different values depending on dynamometer roller diameter.
XXXX = Place holder for ASM test mode, ASM5015 or ASM 2525.
YY = Place holder for dynamometer roll diameter. Usually 8.6 or 20 inches.
ZZ = Place holder for dynamometer speed. Usually 15 mph or 25 mph.
§ 7. Equipment certification procedures.
I. Dynamometer.
A. Load cell verification (if equipped).
This test confirms the proper operation of the dynamometer load cell and associated systems. Weights in the proper range shall be supplied by the system supplier. Weights shall be NIST traceable to 0.1% of point.
(1) Calibrate the load cell according to the manufacturer’s direction.
(2) Using a dead weight method, load the test cell to 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (in ascending order) of the range used for ASM testing. Record the readings for each weight.
(3) Remove the weights in the same steps (descending order) and record the results.
(4) Perform steps A through B two more times (total of three).
(5) Calculate the average value for each weight.
(6) Multiply the average weight from E by the length of the torque arm.
Acceptance criteria: The difference for each reading from the weight shall not exceed 0.1% of full scale.
B. Speedometer verification.
This test confirms the accuracy of the dynamometer’s speedometer.
(1) Set dynamometer speed to 15 MPH.
(2) Independently measure and record dynamometer speed.
(3) Repeat at 25 mph.
Acceptance criteria: The difference for each reading from set dynamometer speed shall not exceed 0.2 mph.
C. Parasitic verification.
Parasitic losses shall be calculated using the following equations at 25 and 15 mph. The indicated horsepower (IHPXXXXYY) shall be set to zero for these tests. Using time versus speed data from the system, calculate PLHPYY for 15 mph and 25 mph.
(1) Parasitic losses at 25 mph for a dynamometer with YY diameter rollers.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight. Total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V30 = Velocity in feet/sec at 30 mph.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
CDT = Coast-down time required for dynamometer to coast from 30 to 20 mph.
(2) Parasitic losses at 15 mph for a dynamometer with YY diameter rollers.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight. Total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
V10 = Velocity in feet/sec at 10 mph.
CDT = Coast-down time required for dynamometer to coast from 20 to 10 mph.
Acceptance criteria: The difference between the external calculated value and the machine calculated value shall not exceed 0.25 HP (or 6.25 lb. wheel force a 15 MPH and 3.75 lb. wheel force at 25 mph).
D. Verify coast-down.
The coast-down procedure shall use a vehicle off-dynamometer type method or equivalent. Using a vehicle to bring the dynamometer up to speed and removing the vehicle before the coast-down shall not be permitted.
(1) Randomly select an IHP2525 value that is between 8.0 hp and 18.0 hp and set dynamometer PAU to this value.
Coast-down dynamometer from 30-20 mph.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight. Total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V30 = Velocity in feet/sec at 30 mph.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
IHP2525YY = Randomly selected ASM2525 indicated horsepower.
PLHP25-YY = Parasitic horsepower for specific dynamometer at 25 mph.
(2) Randomly select an IHP5015 value that is between 8.0 hp and 18.0 hp and set dynamometer PAU to this value.
Coast-down dynamometer from 20-10 mph.
Where:
DIW = Dynamometer inertia weight. Total ‘‘inertia’’ weight of all rotating components in dynamometer.
V20 = Velocity in feet/sec at 20 mph.
V10 = Velocity in feet/sect at 10 mph.
IHP5015YY = Randomly selected ASM5015 indicated horsepower.
PLHP15-YY = Parasitic horsepower for specific dynamometer at 15 mph.
Acceptance criteria: The measured 30-20 mph coast-down time and the 20-10 mph coast-down time must be inside the window bounded by DET (seconds ±7%.
II. Analyzer system:
A. Analyzer warm-up.
The analyzer shall be turned off and at a room temperature not greater than 41°F for a time period of at least 4 hours.
Analyzer warm-up acceptance criteria. The analyzer shall reach stability in less than 30 minutes at 41°F from start-up. If an analyzer does not achieve stability within the allotted time frame, it shall be locked out from testing. The instrument shall be considered ‘‘warmed up’’ when the zero and span readings for HC, CO, NO and CO2 have stabilized, within the accuracy values specified in § 3(c)(2) for 5 minutes without adjustment.
B. Leak rate.
A needle valve teed into the line upstream of the sample pump inlet shall be used to induce a leak which reduces the readings by 3%. Perform a leak check using the manufacturer’s recommended procedures. The unit under test shall fail the leak check and prevent further testing until corrective action is performed.
Leak rate acceptance criteria. The analyzer shall not allow a deviation of more than 3% of the readings obtained using the mid-range span gas described in paragraph (d)(3)(iii)(c) of § 4.
C. Flow restrictions.
(1) Using the mid-range span gas described in Paragraph (d)(3)(iii)(c) of § 4 entering the sample probe at atmospheric pressure, take a base reading with no restriction in the line. Insert a throttling valve in the vacuum side of the sampling system. With the gas flowing (still at atmospheric pressure), restrict the sample flow until: (1) the low flow indication is activated, (2) the response time of the slowest NDIR channel exceeds 11 seconds to 90% of the base reading, or (3) the actual gas reading differs from the base reading on any channel by more than 3% of the base reading.
Acceptance criteria: The low flow indication is activated and the response times of all NDIR channels are 13 seconds or less to 90% of the base readings, and the actual gas readings differ from the base readings by 3% of the base readings or less.
(2) If the low flow sensor is activated by pressure (or vacuum), insert A 0-10 PSIG (0-30 in. HG) gauge between the throttling valve and the inlet O the low flow sensor. Use the throttling valve to activate and deactivate the low flow indication. Measure the pressure (or vacuum) at which activation and deactivation occur. Perform this test three times.
Acceptance criteria: The difference between the activation point and deactivation point shall be no greater than 3% of the activation point pressure (or vacuum).
D. Dilution.
The procedure for measuring flow rate dilution shall be as follows:
(1) Set vehicle with 1.6 liter maximum engine displacement at factory-recommended idle speed. OEM configuration exhaust system, transmission in neutral, hood up (a fan to cool the engine may be used if needed). Set idle speed not to exceed 920 RPM. (Set for 900 RPM with a tolerance ± 20 RPM.)
(2) With a laboratory grade analyzer system, sample the exhaust at 40 centimeters depth with a flow sample rate below 320 liters per hour. Allow sufficient time for this test. Record all HC, CO, NO, CO2 and O2 readings. A chart recorder or electronically stored data may be used to detect the point of stable readings.
(3) While operating the candidate analyzer system in a mode which has the same flow rate as the official test mode. Record the levels of HC, CO, NO, CO2 and O2. Ensure that the probe is installed correctly.
(4) Repeat step (II).
Acceptance criteria: The flow rate on the analyzer shall not cause more than 10% dilution during sampling of exhaust of a 1.6 liter engine a normal idle. Ten percent dilution is defined as a sample of 90% exhaust and 10% ambient air. If the difference of the readings between (ii) and (iv) exceed 5% of the average of (ii) and (iv), repeat (ii), (iii), and (iv); otherwise average (ii) and (iv) and compare with (iii). If (iii) is within 10% of the average of (ii) and (iv), then the equipment meets the dilution specification.
E. Analyzer accuracy.
This test confirms the ability of the candidate instruments to read various concentrations of gases within the tolerances required by this specification. The test compares the response of the candidate instrument with that of standard instruments, and also estimates the uncertainty of the readings.
The analyzer shall be zeroed and span gas calibrated using the working gases. The instrument shall be tested using propane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitric oxide in nitrogen, with a certified accuracy of ±1%, in the following concentrations: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% of full scale for the analyzers. Full scale is defined in § 3(c)(3).
(1) Introduce the gases in ascending order of concentrations, through the probe, beginning with the zero gas. Record the readings of the standard and candidate instruments to each concentration value.
(2) After the highest concentration has been introduced and recorded, introduce the same gases to the standard and candidate analyzers in descending order, including the zero gas. Record the reading of analyzers to each gas, including negatives (if any).
(3) Repeat steps A and B for the candidate only, four more times (total of five times).
(4) Calculations:
a. Calculate the average value of each concentration for the readings of the standard instruments.
b. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of each candidate’s readings for each concentration. Include both upscale and down scale readings for the same gas concentration. (All calculations may not be possible for zero concentrations.)
c. For each concentration, calculate the difference between the candidate mean and the standard average.
d. For each concentration, compute the following:
(i) Y1 = X + KSD
(ii) Y2 = X - KSD
Where:
KSD = STD DEV * 3.5 for zero and the highest concentration value.
KSD = STD DEV * 2.5 for all other concentration values, and
X = Mean (arithmetic average) of the set of candidate readings.
e. Compute the uncertainty (U) of the calibration curve for each concentration as follows:
(i) U1 = Concentration value - Y1
(ii) U2 = Concentration value - Y2
Acceptance criteria: (1) for each concentration, the differences calculated in Step 3 shall be no greater than the accuracy tolerances specified in § 3(c)(3). (2) for each concentration, the uncertainties, (U1 and U2) shall be no greater than the accuracy tolerances required in § 3(c)(3).
F. Analyzer system repeatability.
This test characterizes the ability of the instrument to give consistent readings when repeatedly sampling the same gas concentration.
(1) Using an 80% full scale gas, introduce the gas through the sample probe. Record the readings.
(2) Purge with ambient air for at least 30 seconds but no more than 60 seconds.
(3) Repeat steps (1) and (2) above four more times.
(4) Repeat steps (1), (2) and (3), introducing the gas through the sample probe.
Acceptance criteria: The differences between the highest and lowest readings from both ports shall not exceed the value specified in § 3(c)(3).
G. Analyzer system response time.
This test determines the speed of response of the candidate instrument when a sample is introduced at the sample probe.
(1) Gas calibrate the candidate instrument per the manufacturer’s instructions.
(2) Using a solenoid valve or equivalent selector system, remotely introduce an 80% full scale gas to the probe. The gas pressure at the entrance to the probe shall be equal to room ambient.
(3) Measure the elapsed time required for the instrument display to read 90% of the final stabilized reading for HC, CO, CO2 and NO. (Optional: also, measure the time required for the O2 analyzer to read 0.1% O2). Alternatively, the bench outputs may be recorded against a time base to determine the response time. Record all times in seconds.
(4) Switch the solenoid valve to purge with zero air for at least 40 seconds but no more than 60 seconds.
(5) Measure the elapsed time required for the NO instrument display to read 10% of the stabilized reading in Step (3).
(6) Repeat steps (1), (2) and (3), two more times (total three times).
Acceptance criteria: The response (drop time for O2 and NO. Rise time for HC, CO, CO2 and NO) time shall meet the requirement specified in § 3(c)(2)(X). The response time shall also be within ± 1 second of the nominal response time supplied by the equipment supplier for use in § 5(1)(a)(i)(e).
H. Analyzer interference effects.
The following acceptance test procedure shall be performed at 45°F, 75°F and 105°F conditions, except as noted.
(1) Zero and span the instrument.
(2) Sample the following gases for at least 1 minute. Record the response of each channel to the presence of these gases.
a. 16% carbon dioxide in nitrogen.
b. 1600 PPM hexane in nitrogen.
c. 10% carbon monoxide in nitrogen.
d. 3000 PPM nitric oxide in nitrogen.
e. 75 PPM sulfur dioxide (SO2) in nitrogen.
f. 75 PPM hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in nitrogen.
(3) Water-saturated hot air. The water-saturated hot air shall be drawn through the probe from the top of a sealed vessel partially filled with water through which ambient air will be bubbled. The water shall be maintained at a temperature of 122°F ±9°F. This test shall be performed at only the 75°F, and 105°F conditions.
Acceptance criteria: The interference effects shall not exceed the limits specified in § 3(c)(2)(iii).
I. Electromagnetic isolation and interference.
This test shall measure the ability of the candidate instrument to withstand electromagnetic fields which could exist in vehicle testing and repair facilities. For all tests described below, sample ‘‘low-middle calibration gas’’ specified in § 4(d)(3)(iii)(c), at atmospheric pressure, through the sample probe. Record analyzer reading during test periods.
(1) Radio frequency interference test.
a. Use a test vehicle with an engine having a high energy ignition system (or equivalent), a solid core coil wire and a 3/8" air gap. Leave engine off.
b. Locate the candidate instrument within 5 feet of the ignition coil. Gas calibrate the candidate instrument.
c. Sample gas specified above. Wait 20 seconds, and record analyzer readings.
d. Start engine. With the hood open, cycle the engine from idle through 2500 RPM. With the gas flowing record the analyzer readings.
e. Relocate the instrument to within 6 inches of one side of the vehicle near the engine compartment. Repeat Step 4.
f. Relocate the instrument to within 6 inches of the other side of the vehicle near the engine compartment. Repeat Step 4.
Acceptance criteria: The analyzer readings shall deviate no more than 0.5% full scale.
(2) Induction field test. Use a variable speed (commutator type) hand drill having a plastic housing and rated at 3 amps or more. While the analyzer is sampling the gas, vary the drill speed from zero to maximum while moving from the front to the sides of the instrument at various heights.
Acceptance criteria: The analyzer readings shall deviate no more than 0.5% full scale.
(3) Line interference test. Plug the drill used in Part B above into one outlet of A #16-3 wire extension cord approximately 20 feet long. Connect the instrument into the other outlet of the extension cord. Repeat Part B above.
Acceptance criteria: The analyzer readings shall deviate no more than 0.5% full scale.
(4) VHF band frequency interference test. Locate both a citizens ban radio (CB), with output equivalent to FCC legal maximum, and a highway patrol transmitter (or equivalent) within 50 feet of the instrument. While the analyzer is sampling the gas, press and release transmit button of both radios several times.
Acceptance criteria: The analyzer readings shall deviate no more than 0.5% full scale.
(5) Ambient conditions instruments. Upon installation and every 6 months, the performance of the ambient conditions instruments shall be cross checked against a master weather station.
Acceptance criteria: The individual instruments shall be within the tolerance specified in § 3(c)(4).
§ 8. Software specifications and emission inspection waiver procedure.
(a). Software specifications.
(1) General.
(i) The software shall prompt the test personnel to restrain the vehicle. The test system does not need to have a feedback to detect the presence of the restrain system. (Shop requirement).
(ii) At each calibration called for in § 4(d)(2)(i), the system shall automatically record the date, time, the gas readings for HC, CO, NO and CO2 prior to adjustment to the labeled gas values of the calibration gases, and the gas readings after adjustment. This data shall be readily accessible for purposes of statistical process control analysis.
(iii) Software shall be developed and provided to permit statistical process control procedures to be utilized to determine calibration lengths and intervals and other procedures as specified in § 4(a) and as otherwise determined by the Commonwealth.
(2) Software shall be developed and provided to permit the use of the enhanced waiver procedure described in subsection 8(b) of this appendix.
(3) Emission inspection equipment software for the Pennsylvania emission inspection program shall be approved by the Department or its designee prior to installation and use in emission inspection equipment installed at certified emission inspection stations.
(4) An emission inspection test report, meeting the requirements of § 177.252(b), shall be generated by the analyzer. A sample is attached as Exhibit A.
(b) Emission inspection waiver procedure.
(1) After failing initial I/M test, vehicle will receive vehicle repair form.
(i) This form must be completed by person repairing vehicle.
(ii) Completed form will include repairs done and cost of such repairs.
(2) When repairs are completed, vehicle shall be returned to a certified emission inspection.
(3) When retest is begun, repairs made and cost of repairs will be entered into the inspection equipment.
(i) If vehicle fails retest, screen will prompt inspector ‘‘Do you wish waiver?’’
(ii) If no, retest will be aborted.
(iii) If yes, inspector will be presented with waiver screen.
(iv) This screen will ask for certified repair technician number (it may be read by bar code reader or manually entered).
(4) The vehicle inspection information data base (VIID) will be queried and the repair data, including cost, will be examined.
(5) The VIID will review the transmitted data.
(i) The repairs will be compared with the cause of the failure to ensure that they were appropriate to the failure.
(ii) the cost of the repairs will be examined to ensure that cost meets minimum requirements for a waiver.
(6) If the VIID determines that the waiver requirements as specified in § 177.281 and § 177.282 have not been satisfied, the VIID will return a ‘‘NO’’ to request for waiver.
(7) If all waiver requirements under § 177.281 and § 177.282 are met, the VIID will transmit a unique waiver transaction approval number to the certified repair technician approving the waiver.
(8) The waiver sticker may then be placed on the vehicle.
(9) Copies of all repair receipts must be kept by the inspection station issuing waiver.
(i) All waiver repair receipts will be examined by quality assurance officers during normal record audits.
(ii) Waiver repair receipts may also be examined at any time by quality assurance officers or other qualified Commonwealth employees.
§ 9. Hardware specifications.
(a) General.
(1) Tamper control
—Keys allowed…Yes
—Solenoid required…Optional
—Switches required…Yes
—Secure user floppy…No
—Allow DOS access…No
—Gas analyzer…Yes
—Detect power off…Yes
(2) Computer requirements
Processor (minimum):…Pentium
OS system:…Latest version of commercially
available OSRAM required (minimum):…16 MB
Minimum RAM upgrade capability…32 MB
Secured floppy drive (3.5"):…1
Hard drive size (minimum):…1.2 GB
2nd HD expansion required:…Yes
2nd 3.5" expansion required:…Yes
CD required (4X minimum):…Optional
16 BIT sound card (minimum)…Optional
Modem speed (minimum):…28.8
Free slots required:…2
Mouse upgrade:…Optional
(3) Ports/connectors:
—Parallel (minimum):…2
—Serial (free port)…1
(BAUD 300-115.2)…111 MAX
(DB25 connector):…Yes
—Special serial port:*…1
(4) Special COMM PORTS CPC
—12V switched power…Yes
—12V protected…Yes
* An additional RS232 serial port shall be provided specifically to conduct either a gas cap test or a tank integrity test (pressure test) and a purge test when the appropriate test(s) or alternate tests are developed and approved by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
(5) Bar code scanner…2D
—User replaceable…Yes
(6) Printer (Laser):…1
—User replaceable:…Yes
(7) Keyboard:…101
—User replaceable…Yes
(8) Video CRT:…14"
—User replaceable…Yes
—Memory (minimum):…1 MB
—Resolution:…SVGA
(9) Other devices required:
—Opacity…Future
—OBD II Port…Future upgrade
—Gas cap tester…Yes
—Tachometer number…3
—Conventional…1
—Non-intrusive…1
—OBD II…1, when available
Notes:
A. Operating system (OS) must be upgradable to Windows 95, if required by Department at a later date.
B. Manufacturer must demonstrate a working unit to the Department of Transportation or designee. Unit must provide minimum capabilities listed with costing for all options, including future upgrades.
(b) Gas analyzers. (1) Bench performance (minimum):…Pennsylvania (East Coast)
Specification
—Measured gases (standard):…4
—NO…Standard
—Humidity compensated…Standard
—PEF range (.XX format)…47-56
—Warmup time…15 minutes
—Ranges
HC PPM…0-10,000
CO%…0-14.0
CO2%…0-18.0
NO PPM…0-5,000
O2%…0-25.0
—Zero set two point…Yes
(2) Sample system
—Dual probes required:…Yes
—25' sample hose required:…Yes
(3) Calibration system
—Zero gas required…Yes
—Calibration frequency…3 days
—Calibration…Single
—Second gas…Optional
—Third gas…Open
—Calibration gas specifications
Accuracy…+/- 1%
Blend tolerance…+/- 5%
Type, blend…TRI/QUAD*
Values
CO%…3.5%
HC propane…2,000
CO2…14.0
NO…2,000
(4) 3 ports shall be provided for calibration gas: 1 port shall be for zero gas, 1 port shall be used for calibration gas and 1 port shall be for a spare. Hardware shall be included to activate the third port.
(5) Vented storage required…N/S
(6) ASM areas will use QUAD blend, idle test areas will use tri blend
(c) ASM dynamometer
(1) Base specification…Pennsylvania
—Upgrade…Standard
(2) Identification Plate…N/S
(3) MAX vehicle test weight…9000 GVWR
(4) Absorber accuracy…+/- 2%
(5) Base inertia…2000 +/- 40
Inertia simulation range…2-6
—Mechanical increments…500
—Electrical increments…1
(6) Roll diameter…8.5-21
(7) Testable track width…30-100
(8) Coast down CK…3 day
(9) Vehicle weight measurement…No
(10) Vehicle restraint monitor…No
(11) Aximum allowed incline…5%
(12) Automatic lift…Yes
—Power failure backup…No
(13) Remote control…N/S
(14) Fan required…No
—Remote control…N/S
(15) Augmented braking…No
(16) 12V PC controlled power switched…
Notes:
The fan in the Pennsylvania/East Coast specification is a shop requirement.
Appendix A
Exhibit B
SAMPLE
Emissions Test and Exemption Fees
All test fees include the cost of labor for the inspection, but not the cost of parts, repairs and
adjustments. No additional charge shall be made for one re-inspection, if necessary, within 30 days
of the original inspection at this station.All prices include a Program Management Fee (PMF) of $
EMISSIONS INSPECTION
PASS OR FAIL
EMISSIONS INSPECTION FEES
FOR VEHICLE OWNERS 65 YEARS OLD OR OLDER
PASS OR FAILTailpipe Test
Tailpipe Test
Tailpipe with Dynamometer
Tailpipe with Dynamometer
On-Board-Diagnostic (OBD)
Test
On-Board-Diagnostic (OBD)
Test
Visual Inspection
Visual Inspection
New Car Exemption
New Car Exemption 5,000 Mile Exemption
5,000 Mile Exemption
This station has personnel authorized to deliver waivers.
Customer Hotline Telephone Number—1-800-265-0921
Source The provisions of this Appendix A adopted September 26, 1997, effective October 1, 1997, 27 Pa.B. 5010; amended May 23, 2003, effective May 24, 2003, 33 Pa.B. 2479; amended November 21, 2003, effective November 22, 2003, 33 Pa.B. 5706; amended July 21, 2006, effective July 22, 2006, 36 Pa.B. 3817. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (301967).
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